2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：生物生態(tài)保護(hù)考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、詞匯選擇要求：下面每道題中，有四個劃線的單詞或短語，其中只有一個是符合句子含義的，請將其選出。做答時，請直接將正確選項的首字母填入題前的括號內(nèi)。(1)Theendangeredspeciesfacesacriticalsituationduetotherapid______oftheirnaturalhabitat.A.destructionB.developmentC.preservationD.expansion(2)Ecologistshavebeenstudyingtheimpactofclimatechangeonthe______patternsofpolarbears.A.migrationB.reproductionC.behaviorD.adaptation(3)Thegovernmentimplementedstrictregulationsto______theillegaltradeofendangeredanimals.A.prohibitB.encourageC.supportD.regulate(4)Thesuccessofaconservationprojectoftendependsonthe______oflocalcommunities.A.involvementB.indifferenceC.oppositionD.detachment(5)ResearchershavediscoveredanewspeciesoffrogintheAmazonrainforest,whichis______toextinction.A.highlyvulnerableB.leastsusceptibleC.extremelyresistantD.moderatelyimmune(6)Theuseofpesticidesinagriculturehashada______effectonthepopulationofbeneficialinsects.A.detrimentalB.beneficialC.neutralD.unpredictable(7)Theconceptofbiodiversityreferstothevarietyoflifeformswithinaparticularecosystem.A.TrueB.False(8)Invasivespeciescandisruptthebalanceofanecosystembyoutcompetingnativespecies.A.TrueB.False(9)TheGreatBarrierReefisfacingaseverethreatduetocoralbleachingcausedbyrisingoceantemperatures.A.TrueB.False(10)Sustainablepracticesaimtominimizethenegativeimpactontheenvironmentwhilemeetinghumanneeds.A.TrueB.False二、閱讀理解要求：下面是一篇關(guān)于生物生態(tài)保護(hù)的文章，后面每道題都是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容提出的，請仔細(xì)閱讀文章，并選擇最符合文章意思的答案。做答時，請直接將正確選項的首字母填入題前的括號內(nèi)。TheImportanceofBiodiversityBiodiversity,shortforbiologicaldiversity,referstothevarietyoflifeonEarth.Itencompassesthediversityofspecies,ecosystems,andgeneticvariationwithinspecies.Biodiversityiscrucialforthefunctioningofecosystemsandprovidesnumerousbenefitstohumans.Oneofthekeyrolesofbiodiversityisitscontributiontoecosystemservices.Ecosystemservicesarethebenefitsthathumansderivefromecosystems,suchascleanairandwater,pollinationofcrops,andclimateregulation.Biodiversityisessentialformaintainingtheseservices.Forinstance,adiverserangeofpollinators,suchasbeesandbutterflies,ensuresthesuccessfulpollinationofmanyplantspecies,includingfoodcrops.Unfortunately,biodiversityiscurrentlyfacingsignificantthreats.Habitatlossandfragmentation,causedbyhumanactivitiessuchasdeforestationandurbanization,aremajorcontributorstothedeclineofspecies.Climatechangeisanothersignificantthreat,asitaltersthetimingofnaturaleventsandaffectsthedistributionofspecies.Invasivespecies,whicharenon-nativespeciesthatoutcompetenativespecies,alsoposeaseriousthreattobiodiversity.Conservationeffortsarecrucialtoprotectbiodiversity.Oneapproachistheestablishmentofprotectedareas,suchasnationalparksandwildlifereserves,wherehumanactivitiesarerestrictedtominimizedisturbancetoecosystems.Anotherapproachistheimplementationofsustainablepractices,suchasagroforestryandintegratedpestmanagement,whichminimizethenegativeimpactontheenvironment.Additionally,raisingawarenessabouttheimportanceofbiodiversityandpromotingresponsibleconsumptioncancontributetoitsconservation.(1)Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.ThebenefitsofbiodiversitytohumansB.ThethreatstobiodiversityandconservationeffortsC.TheroleofbiodiversityinecosystemservicesD.Theimpactofclimatechangeonbiodiversity(2)Accordingtothearticle,whatareecosystemservices?A.ThevarietyofspeciesinanecosystemB.ThebenefitshumansderivefromecosystemsC.ThegeneticvariationwithinspeciesD.Theprocessesthatmaintainecosystembalance(3)Whatisoneofthemajorthreatstobiodiversitymentionedinthearticle?A.PollutionB.HabitatlossandfragmentationC.OverpopulationD.Naturaldisasters(4)Whatisapossiblesolutiontohabitatlossandfragmentationmentionedinthearticle?A.UrbanizationB.ProtectedareasC.DeforestationD.Invasivespecies(5)Howcanraisingawarenesscontributetobiodiversityconservation?A.ByencouragingtheuseofpesticidesB.BypromotingresponsibleconsumptionC.BysupportinghabitatdestructionD.Bydiscouragingprotectedareas三、句子填空要求：下面每道題中，每道句子都有個空白處，需要從所給的選項中選擇最合適的單詞或短語填入空白處，使句子意思完整。做答時，請直接將正確選項的首字母填入題前的括號內(nèi)。(1)Thelossoftoppredatorsinanecosystemcanhavecascadingeffectsontheentirefoodweb,______thebalanceofspeciespopulations.A.disruptingB.maintainingC.enhancingD.stabilizing(2)Manyendangeredspeciesarethreatenedbythe______oftheirnaturalhabitatsduetohumanactivitiessuchasdeforestationandurbanization.A.destructionB.preservationC.expansionD.conservation(3)Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffectivebecausethey______localcommunitiesindecision-makingprocesses.A.excludeB.engageC.ignoreD.isolate(4)Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithout______theabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.A.compromisingB.supportingC.underminingD.enhancing(5)Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforits______tochangingenvironmentalconditionsandadaptingtonewchallenges.A.vulnerabilityB.resilienceC.fragilityD.instability(6)Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources,______thediversityandfunctioningofecosystems.A.preservingB.promotingC.reducingD.enhancing(7)Theuseofrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,canhelpreduceour______onfossilfuelsandmitigateclimatechange.A.dependenceB.independenceC.relianceD.independence(8)Theestablishmentofmarineprotectedareascanhelpconserveoceanbiodiversityand______thesustainableuseofmarineresources.A.promoteB.hinderC.threatenD.disrupt(9)Thesuccessofaconservationprojectoftendependsonthe______ofstakeholders,includinggovernmentagencies,NGOs,andlocalcommunities.A.collaborationB.conflictC.competitionD.indifference(10)TheRedList,maintainedbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),providesinformationontheconservationstatusofvariousspecies.A.TrueB.False四、閱讀理解要求：下面是一篇關(guān)于生物生態(tài)保護(hù)的文章，后面每道題都是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容提出的，請仔細(xì)閱讀文章，并選擇最符合文章意思的答案。做答時，請直接將正確選項的首字母填入題前的括號內(nèi)。TheRoleofIndigenousKnowledgeinConservationIndigenouspeopleshavelivedinharmonywiththeirnaturalsurroundingsforgenerations,developingdeepknowledgeandunderstandingoflocalecosystems.Thistraditionalknowledge,oftenreferredtoasindigenousknowledge,hasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerationsandholdsimmensevalueforconservationefforts.Indigenousknowledgeencompassesawiderangeofpractices,includingsustainableresourcemanagement,traditionalmedicine,andecologicalstewardship.Forexample,manyindigenouscommunitieshavedevelopedintricatesystemsoflandmanagementthatpromotebiodiversityandmaintainecosystembalance.Thesepracticesofteninvolvethecarefuluseoffire,rotationalfarming,andtheprotectionofsacredsites.Oneofthekeystrengthsofindigenousknowledgeisitsholisticapproachtounderstandingtheenvironment.Indigenouspeoplesrecognizetheinterconnectednessofalllivingbeingsandviewnatureasacomplexwebofrelationships.Thisperspectiveallowsthemtoidentifyandaddressenvironmentalissuesinacomprehensiveandsustainablemanner.Unfortunately,indigenousknowledgehasoftenbeenmarginalizedanddismissedbymainstreamconservationefforts.However,thereisagrowingrecognitionofitsimportanceandvalue.Conservationistsareincreasinglycollaboratingwithindigenouscommunitiestointegratetraditionalknowledgeintoconservationstrategies.Thiscollaborationnotonlyhelpstoprotectbiodiversitybutalsoempowersindigenouspeoplesandpromotesculturalpreservation.(1)Whatisthemainfocusofthearticle?A.TheimportanceofindigenousknowledgeinconservationB.ThechallengesfacedbyindigenouscommunitiesinmodernsocietyC.TheroleofsustainableresourcemanagementinconservationD.Theimpactofclimatechangeonindigenousecosystems(2)Accordingtothearticle,whatisindigenousknowledge?A.ScientificresearchonecosystemsB.TraditionalpracticesandknowledgeofindigenouspeoplesC.ModernconservationtechniquesD.Governmentpoliciesonbiodiversity(3)Whataresomeexamplesofindigenousknowledgepracticesmentionedinthearticle?A.IndustrialagricultureanddeforestationB.SustainableresourcemanagementandecologicalstewardshipC.UrbanizationandpollutionD.Overfishingandhabitatdestruction(4)Whatisoneofthekeystrengthsofindigenousknowledgementionedinthearticle?A.ItsrelianceonscientificevidenceB.ItsholisticapproachtounderstandingtheenvironmentC.ItsfocusontechnologicalsolutionsD.Itsemphasisoneconomicdevelopment(5)Howcanindigenousknowledgecontributetoconservationefforts?A.ByprovidingalternativesourcesoffundingB.ByintegratingtraditionalpracticesintoconservationstrategiesC.BypromotingtheuseofmoderntechnologyD.Bydisregardingtheneedsofindigenouscommunities五、句子匹配要求：下面是五組句子，每組句子包含一個前半句和一個后半句。請將每組句子中前半句與最合適的后半句進(jìn)行匹配。做答時，請直接將正確選項的首字母填入題前的括號內(nèi)。(1)A.Thelossofbiodiversitycanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystemservices.(2)B.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources.(3)C.Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffective.(4)D.Theuseofrenewableenergysourcescanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuels.(5)E.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforitsresiliencetochangingenvironmentalconditions.(1)Thedeclineofpollinatorpopulationscanleadtoreducedcropyields.A.Thelossofbiodiversitycanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystemservices.B.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources.C.Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffective.D.Theuseofrenewableenergysourcescanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuels.E.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforitsresiliencetochangingenvironmentalconditions.(2)Thespreadofnon-nativespeciesinanecosystemcandisruptthebalanceofspeciespopulations.A.Thelossofbiodiversitycanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystemservices.B.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources.C.Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffective.D.Theuseofrenewableenergysourcescanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuels.E.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforitsresiliencetochangingenvironmentalconditions.(3)Engaginglocalcommunitiesinconservationeffortscanleadtobetteroutcomes.A.Thelossofbiodiversitycanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystemservices.B.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources.C.Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffective.D.Theuseofrenewableenergysourcescanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuels.E.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforitsresiliencetochangingenvironmentalconditions.(4)Solarpowerandwindenergyareexamplesofcleanandsustainableenergyoptions.A.Thelossofbiodiversitycanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystemservices.B.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources.C.Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffective.D.Theuseofrenewableenergysourcescanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuels.E.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforitsresiliencetochangingenvironmentalconditions.(5)Aspecieswithawiderangeofgeneticvariationsisbetterequippedtosurviveinachangingenvironment.A.Thelossofbiodiversitycanhavecascadingeffectsonecosystemservices.B.Invasivespeciescanoutcompetenativespeciesforresources.C.Community-basedconservationinitiativescanbehighlyeffective.D.Theuseofrenewableenergysourcescanhelpreduceourdependenceonfossilfuels.E.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesiscrucialforitsresiliencetochangingenvironmentalconditions.本次試卷答案如下一、詞匯選擇(1)A.destruction解析：句意是“瀕危物種由于自然棲息地的快速______而面臨危急情況”。根據(jù)語境，“destruction”（破壞）最符合句意，因為人類活動如砍伐森林和城市擴(kuò)張會導(dǎo)致棲息地被破壞，從而使物種面臨危機(jī)。(2)A.migration解析：句意是“生態(tài)學(xué)家一直在研究氣候變化對北極熊______模式的影響”。根據(jù)語境，“migration”（遷徙）最符合句意，因為氣候變化會影響北極熊的遷徙路線和時間，從而影響其生存。(3)A.prohibit解析：句意是“政府實施了嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定來______瀕危動物的非法交易”。根據(jù)語境，“prohibit”（禁止）最符合句意，因為政府通過法律手段來阻止非法交易，保護(hù)瀕危動物。(4)A.involvement解析：句意是“一個保護(hù)項目的成功往往取決于當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的______”。根據(jù)語境，“involvement”（參與）最符合句意，因為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的積極參與和支持對于保護(hù)項目的成功至關(guān)重要。(5)A.highlyvulnerable解析：句意是“研究人員在亞馬遜雨林中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的青蛙物種，該物種______滅絕”。根據(jù)語境，“highlyvulnerable”（高度易受攻擊的）最符合句意，因為新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種可能因為環(huán)境變化而容易滅絕。(6)A.detrimental解析：句意是“農(nóng)業(yè)中使用殺蟲劑對有益昆蟲產(chǎn)生了______影響”。根據(jù)語境，“detrimental”（有害的）最符合句意，因為殺蟲劑會殺死有益昆蟲，對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成負(fù)面影響。(7)A.True解析：句意是“生物多樣性是指特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)不同生命形式的多樣性”。這個陳述是正確的，因為生物多樣性確實是指物種、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和遺傳變異的多樣性。(8)A.True解析：句意是“入侵物種可以通過與原生物種競爭資源來破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡”。這個陳述是正確的，因為入侵物種往往會與原生物種競爭，從而改變生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。(9)A.True解析：句意是“大堡礁正面臨由海洋溫度上升引起的珊瑚白化的嚴(yán)重威脅”。這個陳述是正確的，因為全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致海洋溫度上升，珊瑚白化現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重。(10)A.True解析：句意是“可持續(xù)實踐旨在最大限度地減少對環(huán)境的不利影響，同時滿足人類需求”。這個陳述是正確的，因為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)是在滿足當(dāng)前需求的同時，不損害未來世代滿足其需求的能力。二、閱讀理解(1)B.Thethreatstobiodiversityandconservationefforts解析：文章主要討論了生物多樣性的威脅以及保護(hù)生物多樣性的努力。文章從生物多樣性的重要性開始，然后討論了其面臨的威脅，最后提出了保護(hù)生物多樣性的方法。因此，選項B最符合文章的主旨。(2)B.Thebenefitshumansderivefromecosystems解析：文章中提到“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)是人們從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中獲得的利益，例如清潔的空氣和水、作物的授粉和氣候調(diào)節(jié)”。因此，選項B最符合文章對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的定義。(3)B.Habitatlossandfragmentation解析：文章中提到“棲息地的喪失和破碎化是導(dǎo)致物種數(shù)量下降的主要因素，這是由人類活動如砍伐森林和城市擴(kuò)張造成的”。因此，選項B最符合文章中提到的生物多樣性的主要威脅之一。(4)B.Protectedareas解析：文章中提到“保護(hù)區(qū)的建立可以最大限度地減少對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的干擾，從而保護(hù)生物多樣性”。因此，選項B最符合文章中提到的解決棲息地喪失和破碎化問題的方法。(5)B.Bypromotingresponsibleconsumption解析：文章中提到“提高人們對生物多樣性重要性的認(rèn)識可以促進(jìn)負(fù)責(zé)任的消費(fèi)，從而有助于生物多樣性的保護(hù)”。因此，選項B最符合文章中提到的提高認(rèn)識對生物多樣性保護(hù)的作用。三、句子填空(1)A.disrupting解析：句意是“頂級捕食者在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的喪失可以對整個食物鏈產(chǎn)生級聯(lián)效應(yīng)，______物種人口平衡”。根據(jù)語境，“disrupting”（破壞）最符合句意，因為頂級捕食者的喪失會導(dǎo)致食物鏈的失衡。(2)A.destruction解析：句意是“許多瀕危物種受到人類活動如砍伐森林和城市擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致的自然棲息地______的威脅”。根據(jù)語境，“destruction”（破壞）最符合句意，因為人類活動會導(dǎo)致棲息地被破壞。(3)B.engage解析：句意是“基于社區(qū)的保護(hù)區(qū)計劃可以非常有效，因為它們______當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)參與決策過程”。根據(jù)語境，“engage”（參與）最符合句意，因為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的參與對于保護(hù)項目的成功至關(guān)重要。(4)C.undermining解析：句意是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念旨在滿足當(dāng)前需求，而不______未來世代滿足其自身需求的能力”。根據(jù)語境，“undermining”（破壞）最符合句意，因為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)是不損害未來世代的需求。(5)B.resilience解析：句意是“物種內(nèi)的遺傳多樣性對其適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境條件至關(guān)重要”。根據(jù)語境，“resilience”（恢復(fù)力）最符合句意，因為遺傳多樣性使物種能夠更好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化。(6)C.reducing解析：句意是“入侵物種會與原生物種競爭資源，______生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多樣性和功能”。根據(jù)語境，“reducing”（減少）最符合句意，因為入侵物種會減少生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多樣性。(7)A.dependence解析：句意是“使用太陽能和風(fēng)能等可再生能源可以幫助減少我們對化石燃料的______，并減緩氣候變化”。根據(jù)語境，“dependence”（依賴）最符合句意，因為可再生能源可以減少對化石燃料的依賴。(8)A.promote解析：句意是“建立海洋保護(hù)區(qū)可以幫助保護(hù)海洋生物多樣性，并______海洋資源的可持續(xù)利用”。根據(jù)語境，“promote”（促進(jìn)）最符合句意，因為海洋保護(hù)區(qū)可以促進(jìn)海洋資源的可持續(xù)利用。(9)