2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：化學(xué)知識(shí)實(shí)例考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空題要求：下面這篇關(guān)于化學(xué)知識(shí)的短文中有10個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，選擇最合適的選項(xiàng)填入空白處，使文章意思完整、通順。每題只有一個(gè)正確答案，將選項(xiàng)字母填入題號(hào)后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。最近，我在教學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多同學(xué)對(duì)于化學(xué)反應(yīng)的理解總是停留在表面，覺(jué)得只要記住化學(xué)式和反應(yīng)條件就可以了。其實(shí)，化學(xué)反應(yīng)的原理遠(yuǎn)比這要復(fù)雜得多，它涉及到分子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變、能量的轉(zhuǎn)換以及反應(yīng)速率的調(diào)控等多個(gè)方面。比如說(shuō)，我們常見(jiàn)的燃燒反應(yīng)，大家都能想到它是物質(zhì)與氧氣發(fā)生的劇烈氧化反應(yīng)，但你們有沒(méi)有想過(guò)，為什么不同的物質(zhì)燃燒時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的顏色和熱量呢？這就需要我們從分子層面去分析了。燃燒時(shí)，物質(zhì)中的電子會(huì)吸收能量從基態(tài)躍遷到激發(fā)態(tài)，然后又回到基態(tài)時(shí)，就會(huì)釋放出特定波長(zhǎng)的光，這就是我們看到的火焰顏色。而釋放熱量的多少，則取決于反應(yīng)過(guò)程中化學(xué)鍵斷裂和形成的能量變化。所以，在學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的時(shí)候，我們不能只滿足于記住結(jié)論，更要探究背后的原理。只有真正理解了化學(xué)反應(yīng)的本質(zhì)，才能更好地掌握和應(yīng)用化學(xué)知識(shí)。比如，我們可以通過(guò)控制反應(yīng)條件來(lái)改變反應(yīng)速率，或者設(shè)計(jì)出新的催化劑來(lái)提高反應(yīng)效率。這些都是建立在深入理解反應(yīng)原理的基礎(chǔ)上的。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)過(guò)程并不容易，它需要我們付出更多的努力去思考和探索。但是，當(dāng)你通過(guò)自己的努力揭開(kāi)化學(xué)反應(yīng)的神秘面紗時(shí)，那種成就感是難以言喻的。所以，我總是鼓勵(lì)我的學(xué)生們，不要害怕遇到困難，要敢于質(zhì)疑，勇于探索，只有這樣，才能真正學(xué)好化學(xué)這門(mén)神奇的學(xué)科。1.Theword"complex"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.detailedB.simpleC.interestingD.difficult2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainreasonwhydifferentsubstancesproducedifferentcolorswhentheyburn?A.Theycontaindifferentelements.B.Theyhavedifferentmolecularstructures.C.Theyreactwithdifferentamountsofoxygen.D.Theyreleasedifferentamountsofenergy.3.Theword"躍遷"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.moveB.fallC.returnD.change4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Thecolorsofflames.B.Theenergychangesinchemicalreactions.C.Theimportanceofunderstandingchemicalprinciples.D.Theapplicationsofchemicalknowledge.5.Theword"conclusion"inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.resultB.theoryC.explanationD.hypothesis6.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitimportanttounderstandtheprinciplesofchemicalreactions?A.Ithelpsusrememberchemicalformulas.B.Itallowsustocontrolreactionconditions.C.Itmakeslearningchemistrymorefun.D.Ithelpsusdesignnewcatalysts.7.Theword"揭開(kāi)了"inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.discoveredB.understoodC.rememberedD.explained8.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutlearningchemistry?A.Itiseasyifyoujustmemorizefacts.B.Itrequireshardworkandexploration.C.Itisonlyforsciencemajors.D.Itisboringandtedious.9.Theword"質(zhì)疑"inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.believeB.questionC.understandD.accept10.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtomemorizechemicalformulas.B.Toencouragestudentstoexplorechemicalprinciples.C.Todescribethecolorsofdifferentflames.D.Toteachstudentshowtodesigncatalysts.二、閱讀理解題要求：下面這篇關(guān)于化學(xué)知識(shí)的短文后面有10道選擇題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和自己的理解，選擇最合適的選項(xiàng)作為答案，將選項(xiàng)字母填入題號(hào)后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。TheRoleofCatalystsinChemicalReactionsCatalystsplayacrucialroleinmanychemicalreactions,enablingthesereactionstooccurmoreefficientlyandatlowertemperatures.Acatalystisasubstancethatincreasestherateofachemicalreactionwithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.Thismeansthatevenasmallamountofcatalystcansignificantlyspeedupareaction,makingitmorepracticalandcost-effectiveforindustrialapplications.Oneofthemostwell-knownexamplesofcatalystsisplatinum,whichiscommonlyusedincatalyticconvertersincars.Theseconvertershelptobreakdownharmfulpollutantslikecarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxidesintolessharmfulsubstanceslikecarbondioxideandnitrogengas.Withoutcatalysts,thesereactionswouldoccurmuchmoreslowly,makingitdifficulttomeetenvironmentalregulations.Anotherimportantuseofcatalystsisintheproductionofammonia,akeycomponentinfertilizers.TheHaber-Boschprocess,whichisusedtosynthesizeammoniafromnitrogengasandhydrogengas,reliesheavilyonaniron-basedcatalyst.Thisprocesshasrevolutionizedagriculturebyallowingforthemassproductionoffertilizers,whichhashelpedtofeedbillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Catalystscanalsobeusedtoimprovetheefficiencyofotherindustrialprocesses,suchastheproductionofpolymersandthesynthesisofpharmaceuticals.Forexample,zeolites,whichareporousmaterialsmadefromaluminumandsilicon,areusedascatalystsinthepetrochemicalindustrytobreakdownlargehydrocarbonmoleculesintosmaller,moreusefulones.Despitetheirimportance,catalystscanbeexpensiveandsometimesdifficulttosynthesize.Researchersareconstantlyworkingondevelopingmoreefficientandcost-effectivecatalysts.Oneareaofresearchisthedevelopmentofnanocatalysts,whicharecatalystsmadeatthenanoscale.Thesecatalystscanhaveuniquepropertiesthatmakethemmoreeffectivethantraditionalcatalysts.Inconclusion,catalystsareessentialinmodernchemistryandindustry.Theyenablereactionstooccurmoreefficiently,whichcanleadtosignificanteconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Asourunderstandingofchemistrycontinuestogrow,wecanexpecttoseeevenmoreinnovativeusesofcatalystsinthefuture.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theenvironmentalbenefitsofcatalyticconverters.B.Theimportanceofcatalystsinindustrialprocesses.C.Thedevelopmentofnanocatalystsinthepetrochemicalindustry.D.Theroleofplatinumincatalyticreactions.2.Accordingtothepassage,whyarecatalystsimportantinchemicalreactions?A.Theyareconsumedintheprocess.B.Theyincreasetherateofreactions.C.Theyareonlyusedincarcatalyticconverters.D.Theyareexpensivetoproduce.3.Whatisthepurposeofcatalyticconvertersincars?A.Toproduceammonia.B.Tobreakdownharmfulpollutants.C.Tosynthesizepolymers.D.Toproducepharmaceuticals.4.Theword"crucial"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.importantB.difficultC.expensiveD.rare5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisacatalyst?A.Asubstancethatisconsumedinareaction.B.Asubstancethatincreasestherateofareaction.C.Asubstancethatisonlyusedinindustrialprocesses.D.Asubstancethatisexpensivetoproduce.6.Whatisthemainadvantageofusingcatalystsinindustrialprocesses?A.Theymakereactionsmoreefficient.B.Theyareeasytosynthesize.C.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Theyarecost-effective.7.Theword"revolutionized"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.improvedB.changedC.developedD.discovered8.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheHaber-Boschprocessusedfor?A.Producingcatalyticconverters.B.Synthesizingammonia.C.Developingnanocatalysts.D.Producingpolymers.9.Theword"porous"inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.solidB.hollowC.liquidD.dense10.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtosynthesizecatalysts.B.Todescribethebenefitsofcatalyticconverters.C.Todiscusstheroleofcatalystsinindustry.D.Tointroducetheconceptofnanocatalysts.三、句子匹配題要求：下面有10個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和自己的理解，選擇最合適的選項(xiàng)與句子匹配，將選項(xiàng)字母填入題號(hào)后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。每題只有一個(gè)正確答案，且每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能使用一次。1.Manystudentsfindithardtounderstandtherealnatureofchemicalreactions.A.Catalystscanbemadeatthenanoscale,whichmakesthemmoreeffective.B.Theauthorencouragesstudentstoexplorechemicalprinciplesdeeply.C.Understandingtheprinciplesofchemistryhelpscontrolreactionconditions.D.Withoutcatalysts,reactionswouldbemuchslowerandlesspractical.2.Platinumiscommonlyusedincatalyticconverterstoreduceharmfulpollutants.A.TheHaber-Boschprocesshasgreatlybenefitedglobalagriculture.B.Researchersareworkingonmakingcatalystsmorecost-effective.C.Catalystslikeplatinumareexpensiveandsometimeshardtosynthesize.D.Theroleofcatalystsinthepetrochemicalindustryisbecomingmoreimportant.3.Catalystsenablereactionstooccurmoreefficiently,leadingtoeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.A.Zeolitesareusedinthepetrochemicalindustrytobreakdownlargehydrocarbonmolecules.B.Thedevelopmentofnanocatalystsisacurrentareaofresearchinchemistry.C.Catalystsareessentialinmodernchemistryandindustry.D.Themainadvantageofcatalystsisthattheyareeasytoproduce.4.Theauthorbelievesthatlearningchemistryrequireshardworkandawillingnesstoexplore.A.Catalystsincreasetherateofchemicalreactionswithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.B.Theauthorsuggeststhatstudentsshouldquestionandexplorechemicalprinciples.C.Understandingchemicalreactionshelpsindesigningnewcatalysts.D.Thecolorsofflamesdependonthemolecularstructuresoftheburningsubstances.5.ThepassagementionsthattheHaber-Boschprocesshasrevolutionizedagriculture.A.Catalystsaresubstancesthatareonlyusedinindustrialprocesses.B.Themainpurposeofcatalyticconvertersistoproduceammonia.C.Theauthor'smaingoalistointroducetheconceptofnanocatalysts.D.Withoutcatalysts,itwouldbehardtomeetenvironmentalregulations.6.Zeolitesaredescribedasporousmaterialsmadefromaluminumandsilicon.A.Theauthor'smainideaistoexplainhowtosynthesizecatalysts.B.Catalystsarecrucialbecausetheymakereactionsmoreefficientandcost-effective.C.Thepassagefocusesontheenvironmentalbenefitsofcatalyticconverters.D.Thedevelopmentofnanocatalystsisakeyareaofresearchinthepetrochemicalindustry.7.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceofcatalystsintheproductionofammonia.A.Theauthoremphasizesthatcatalystsareexpensiveanddifficulttosynthesize.B.Themainadvantageofcatalystsisthattheyareenvironmentallyfriendly.C.TheHaber-Boschprocessreliesonaniron-basedcatalysttosynthesizeammonia.D.Catalystsareonlyusedinthepetrochemicalindustrytobreakdownhydrocarbons.8.Theauthormentionsthatresearchersareworkingondevelopingmoreefficientcatalysts.A.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningchemistryisboringandtedious.B.Catalystscansignificantlyspeedupreactions,makingthemmorepractical.C.Theauthorbelievesthatstudentsshouldonlymemorizechemicalformulas.D.Themainpurposeofthepassageistodescribethecolorsofdifferentflames.9.Thepassagehighlightstheroleofcatalystsinbreakingdownharmfulpollutantsincarexhaust.A.Theauthor'smainideaistodescribethebenefitsofcatalyticconverters.B.Catalystsaresubstancesthatincreasetherateofreactionswithoutbeingconsumed.C.Thepassagefocusesontheeconomicbenefitsofusingcatalystsinindustry.D.Theauthorsuggeststhatstudentsshouldnotquestionchemicalprinciples.10.Thepassageconcludesbymentioningthefuturepotentialofcatalystsinchemistry.A.Theauthorbelievesthatcatalystsareonlyimportantinindustrialprocesses.B.Themainideaofthepassageistointroducetheconceptofnanocatalysts.C.Thepassagesuggeststhatcatalystswillbecomeevenmoreimportantinthefuture.D.Theauthor'smainpurposeistoexplainhowtosynthesizeammonia.四、判斷題要求：下面有10個(gè)關(guān)于文章內(nèi)容的判斷題，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和自己的理解，判斷每個(gè)說(shuō)法是否正確，將正確的用“T”表示，錯(cuò)誤的用“F”表示。1.Catalystsaresubstancesthatincreasetherateofchemicalreactionswithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.T/F2.Platinumiscommonlyusedincatalyticconverterstoreduceharmfulpollutantslikecarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxides.T/F3.TheHaber-Boschprocessisusedtosynthesizeammoniafromnitrogengasandhydrogengas.T/F4.Zeolitesareporousmaterialsmadefromaluminumandsiliconandareusedascatalystsinthepetrochemicalindustry.T/F5.Theauthorbelievesthatlearningchemistryrequireshardworkandawillingnesstoexplore.T/F6.Catalystsareessentialinmodernchemistryandindustrybecausetheyenablereactionstooccurmoreefficiently.T/F7.Thedevelopmentofnanocatalystsisacurrentareaofresearchinchemistry.T/F8.Themainadvantageofusingcatalystsinindustrialprocessesisthattheyarecost-effective.T/F9.Withoutcatalysts,itwouldbehardtomeetenvironmentalregulations.T/F10.Thepassageconcludesbymentioningthefuturepotentialofcatalystsinchemistry.T/F本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空題答案及解析1.D(解析：根據(jù)上下文，complex在這里指化學(xué)反應(yīng)的原理是“復(fù)雜”的，不是簡(jiǎn)單的，也不是有趣的或困難的，而是需要深入探究的。)2.B(解析：文章第二段明確提到，不同物質(zhì)燃燒產(chǎn)生不同顏色是因?yàn)樗鼈冇小安煌姆肿咏Y(jié)構(gòu)”，電子躍遷釋放的光波長(zhǎng)不同。)3.A(解析：根據(jù)上下文，躍遷在這里指電子從基態(tài)“移動(dòng)”到激發(fā)態(tài)再回到基態(tài)，move是最接近的詞。)4.C(解析：全文圍繞化學(xué)反應(yīng)原理的重要性展開(kāi)，從燃燒反應(yīng)的例子到學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的態(tài)度，都強(qiáng)調(diào)了理解原理比記住結(jié)論更重要，所以C選項(xiàng)“討論了理解化學(xué)原理的重要性”最符合主旨。)5.A(解析：conclusion在這里指“結(jié)論”，即記住化學(xué)式和反應(yīng)條件這些表面知識(shí)，與后面的“原理”相對(duì)。)6.B(解析：文章第三段提到，理解原理才能“控制反應(yīng)條件”，比如改變速率或設(shè)計(jì)催化劑，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合文意。)7.A(解析：揭開(kāi)在這里指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”或“揭示”了化學(xué)反應(yīng)的神秘面紗，discovered是最接近的詞。)8.B(解析：文章第四段表達(dá)了學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)需要“付出更多努力去思考和探索”，并從中獲得成就感，暗示了需要努力。)9.B(解析：質(zhì)疑在這里指“提出疑問(wèn)”或“挑戰(zhàn)”，與后面鼓勵(lì)探索的態(tài)度一致，question是最接近的詞。)10.B(解析：全文主旨是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生深入探索化學(xué)原理，而不是僅僅記憶，所以B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生探索化學(xué)原理”是作者的主要目的。)二、閱讀理解題答案及解析1.B(解析：文章第一段開(kāi)頭就指出催化劑“playacrucialrole”在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中，并解釋了它們?nèi)绾卧黾臃磻?yīng)速率，所以B選項(xiàng)“催化劑在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中很重要”最符合主旨。)2.B(解析：文章第一段明確說(shuō)催化劑“increasestherateofachemicalreactionwithoutbeingconsumed”，即不消耗地增加反應(yīng)速率，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合文意。)3.B(解析：文章第二段提到催化轉(zhuǎn)換器的作用是“breakdownharmfulpollutants”，即分解有害污染物，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合文意。)4.A(解析：crucial在這里指催化劑是“關(guān)鍵的”或“重要的”，與important意思最接近。)5.B(解析：文章第一段定義了催化劑是“asubstancethatincreasestherateofareactionwithoutbeingconsumed”，即增加反應(yīng)速率而不被消耗的物質(zhì)，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合文意。)6.A(解析：文章多次提到催化劑能“makereactionsmoreefficient”，并且使工業(yè)過(guò)程更“practicalandcost-effective”，所以A選項(xiàng)“它們使反應(yīng)更有效率”是最主要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。)7.B(解析：revolutionized在這里指“徹底改變了”，與changed意思最接近。)8.B(解析：文章第二段明確提到Haber-Bosch過(guò)程是“usedtosynthesizeammonia”，即用來(lái)合成氨氣的，所以B選項(xiàng)最符合文意。)9.B(解析：文章第三段描述了沸石是“porousmaterials”，即多孔材料，所以B選項(xiàng)“多孔”是最接近的意思。)10.C(解析：全文圍繞催化劑在工業(yè)中的重要性展開(kāi)，從定義、例子到未來(lái)展望，所以C選項(xiàng)“討論了催化劑在工業(yè)中的重要性”最符合作者主旨。)三、句子匹配題答案及解析1.D(解析：句子提到學(xué)生覺(jué)得化學(xué)反應(yīng)難理解，后面段落提到?jīng)]有催化劑反應(yīng)會(huì)慢且不實(shí)用，兩者意思相呼應(yīng)。)2.C(解析：句子提到鉑用于汽車催化轉(zhuǎn)換器，后面段落提到鉑催化劑是“expensiveandsometimesdifficulttosynthesize”，即又貴又難合成，兩者意思相呼應(yīng)。)3.C(解析：句子提到催化劑使反應(yīng)更有效率并帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境效益，后面段落開(kāi)頭就總結(jié)“Catalystsareessentialinmodernchemistryandindustry”，并提到經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境效益，兩者意思相呼應(yīng)。)4.B(解析：句子提到作者認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)需要努力探索，后面段落第四句就是作者鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生“questionandexplore”，兩者意思相呼應(yīng)。)5.A(解析：句子提到Haber-Bosch過(guò)程革命化了農(nóng)業(yè)，后面段落第二句明確提到“hasgreatlybenefitedglobalagriculture”，兩者意思相呼應(yīng)。)6.B(解析：句子提到沸石用于石化工業(yè)，后面段落第三句明確提到“Zeolitesareusedinthepetrochemicalindustry”，兩者意