2024年大學(xué)生英語四級(jí)必考詞匯和語法仿真模擬試題及答案一、詞匯與語法單項(xiàng)選擇（共20題，每題1分）1.Theuniversityhasrecently______anewpolicytoreduceplasticwasteoncampus,requiringallcanteenstostopprovidingdisposablecutlery.A.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.admitted2.Despitetheheavyrain,therescueteam______searchingforthemissinghikeruntiltheyfinallyfoundhimsafeinacave.A.persistedB.resistedC.insistedD.consisted3.Theprofessor’slectureonclimatechangewasso______thatevenstudentsfromnon-sciencemajorsfounditengaging.A.comprehensiveB.confidentialC.contradictoryD.conservative4.Bythetimewearriveatthemuseum,thespecialexhibition______fortwohours,soweneedtohurry.A.willhavebeenopenB.hasbeenopenC.willbeopenD.isopen5.Theyoungartist,______workshavewoninternationalawards,willholdasoloexhibitioninBeijingnextmonth.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.whom6.Itiscrucialthatthegovernment______morefundstopubliceducationtoensureequalopportunitiesforallstudents.A.allocateB.allocatesC.allocatedD.willallocate7.Thenewsoftware,______withadvancedalgorithms,canprocessdatatentimesfasterthanthepreviousversion.A.equippingB.equippedC.toequipD.beingequipped8.Notuntilthefinalexamwasover______howmuchtimehehadwastedonsocialmedia.A.herealizedB.didherealizeC.hehadrealizedD.hadherealized9.Thecompany’ssuccessislargely______thehardworkandcreativityofitsemployees.A.duetoB.thankstoC.becauseofD.asaresultof10.Theoldman,______inthecountrysideformostofhislife,founditdifficulttoadapttocitylife.A.livingB.havinglivedC.toliveD.lived11.Theresearchteam______onthisprojectforthreeyearsbeforetheyfinallypublishedtheirfindings.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked12.______theimportanceoftimemanagement,manystudentsstillfailtobalancetheirstudyandleisure.A.AwareofB.BeingawareofC.TobeawareofD.Havingbeenawareof13.Thecommitteesuggestedthattheplan______revisedtoincludemoresustainablepractices.A.beB.wasC.wereD.is14.Thenewlybuiltlibraryis______anyotherinthecity,withover500,000booksandstate-of-the-artreadingfacilities.A.superiortoB.superiorthanC.moresuperiortoD.moresuperiorthan15.______bythesuddenstorm,thecampershadtotakeshelterinanearbybarn.A.CaughtB.CatchingC.TocatchD.Havingcaught16.Theprofessor,alongwithhistwograduatestudents,______topresentapaperattheinternationalconferencenextweek.A.isgoingB.aregoingC.havegoneD.hasgone17.Itwasnotuntilshegraduatedfromcollege______sherealizedthevalueofherparents’advice.A.whenB.thatC.thenD.which18.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtotake______measurestocombatairpollution,includingstricteremissionstandards.A.effectiveB.efficientC.sufficientD.potential19.Thenovel,______asabestsellerwithinamonthofitsrelease,tellsthestoryofayounggirl’sjourneytoself-discovery.A.beingrankedB.rankedC.rankingD.torank20.______youpracticeregularly,youwillnotimproveyourspeakingskills,nomatterhowmanycoursesyoutake.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.Because二、完形填空（共15題，每題1分）Theconceptof“voluntourism”–combiningvolunteeringwithtourism–hasgrown__21__inrecentyears.Youngtravelers,especiallycollegestudents,areincreasingly__22__tospendtheirvacationscontributingtolocalcommunities__23__simplysightseeing.Formany,it’sawayto__24__theirglobalawarenessandmakeapositiveimpact.However,voluntourismisnotwithout__25__.Criticsarguethatshort-termprojectsoftenlackproperplanning,__26__localcommunitiesmoreharmthangood.Forexample,buildingaschoolinaweekwithouttraininglocalteachersmayleavethefacility__27__oncevolunteersdepart.__28__,someprogramsprioritizethe“volunteerexperience”overactualcommunityneeds,turningmeaningfulworkintoa__29__forsocialmedia.__30__,whendoneright,voluntourismcanbetransformative.Organizationsthat__31__long-termpartnershipswithlocalcommunities,providethoroughtraining,andensureprojectsare__32__tolocalneedstendtoachievebetterresults.Volunteerswhotakethetimeto__33__thelocalcultureandlistentoresidents’voicesaremorelikelyto__34__sustainablechange.In__35__,voluntourismhasthepotentialtobridgeculturalgapsandfosterempathy,butitssuccessdependsoncarefulplanningandgenuinecommitment.21.A.instantlyB.steadilyC.accidentallyD.barely22.A.reluctantB.eagerC.afraidD.hesitant23.A.otherthanB.morethanC.ratherthanD.lessthan24.A.expandB.extendC.exploitD.export25.A.challengesB.opportunitiesC.benefitsD.advantages26.A.doingB.todoC.doneD.havingdone27.A.uselessB.usefulC.hopefulD.helpless28.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However29.A.symbolB.signC.photoD.show30.A.ThusB.InsteadC.StillD.Otherwise31.A.formB.breakC.avoidD.ignore32.A.relatedB.adaptedC.connectedD.compared33.A.preserveB.observeC.respectD.protect34.A.promoteB.preventC.prohibitD.protest35.A.conclusionB.contrastC.additionD.detail三、漢譯英（共5題，每題2分）36.只有通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐，我們才能跟上快速變化的世界。37.研究表明，定期運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅能增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，還能改善心理健康。38.這座歷史建筑建于19世紀(jì)，至今仍保存完好，吸引了大量游客。39.如果沒有政府的支持，這個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的學(xué)校可能無法維持運(yùn)營。40.越來越多的年輕人選擇靈活就業(yè)，以平衡工作與生活的需求。答案與解析一、詞匯與語法單項(xiàng)選擇1.B。adopt意為“采納（政策）”；adapt是“適應(yīng)”；adjust是“調(diào)整”；admit是“承認(rèn)”。句中“新政策”用adopt。2.A。persistindoingsth.表示“堅(jiān)持做某事”；resist是“抵抗”；insist后接ondoing；consist是“組成”。3.A。comprehensive意為“全面的，易懂的”；confidential是“機(jī)密的”；contradictory是“矛盾的”；conservative是“保守的”。4.A。bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，主句用將來完成時(shí)（willhavedone），“開放”是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用beenopen。5.A。定語從句修飾artist，指“藝術(shù)家的作品”，用whose引導(dǎo)。6.A。Itiscrucialthat...后接虛擬語氣，謂語用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形，故選allocate。7.B。software與equip是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作后置定語，equippedwith表示“配備”。8.B。Notuntil位于句首，主句用部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞），根據(jù)語境用一般過去時(shí)，didherealize。9.A。dueto后接名詞/動(dòng)名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)“由…引起”；thanksto含感激意味；becauseof和asaresultof側(cè)重因果關(guān)系。此處客觀陳述原因，用dueto。10.B。分詞作狀語，“生活在農(nóng)村”發(fā)生在“適應(yīng)城市”之前，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的分詞形式havinglived。11.A。forthreeyearsbefore...表示“過去的過去一直在進(jìn)行”，用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeenworking。12.A。形容詞短語作狀語，awareof表狀態(tài)，無需用being。13.A。suggest表示“建議”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣（should）+動(dòng)詞原形，berevised。14.A。superior是形容詞，本身含比較意義，后接to，無需more，故選superiorto。15.A。campers與catch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系（becaughtby），用過去分詞作狀語。16.A。主語是theprofessor（單數(shù)），alongwith表伴隨，不影響謂語單復(fù)數(shù)，用isgoing。17.B。強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)Itwas...that...，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語notuntil...。18.A。effective意為“有效的”；efficient是“效率高的”；sufficient是“足夠的”；potential是“潛在的”。“采取有效措施”用effective。19.B。novel與rank是被動(dòng)關(guān)系（被列為暢銷書），用過去分詞作后置定語。20.B。unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“除非”，符合“不經(jīng)常練習(xí)就無法提高”的邏輯。二、完形填空21.B。steadily意為“穩(wěn)步地”，符合“增長”的語境；instantly是“立即”；accidentally是“偶然”；barely是“幾乎不”。22.B。eagertodo表示“渴望做”，與“越來越多學(xué)生選擇”對(duì)應(yīng)；reluctant是“不情愿”；afraid是“害怕”；hesitant是“猶豫”。23.C。ratherthan意為“而不是”，表示“貢獻(xiàn)社區(qū)而不是單純觀光”；otherthan是“除了”；morethan是“超過”；lessthan是“少于”。24.A。expandawareness表示“擴(kuò)大意識(shí)”；extend是“延伸”；exploit是“開發(fā)”；export是“出口”。25.A。challenges意為“挑戰(zhàn)”，下文批評(píng)voluntourism的問題，故選challenges；opportunities/benefits/advantages是積極詞，不符。26.A?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表“導(dǎo)致更多傷害”，用doing。27.A。useless意為“無用的”，“建學(xué)校但沒培訓(xùn)老師，志愿者離開后設(shè)施無用”；useful是“有用的”；hopeful是“有希望的”；helpless是“無助的”。28.B。Moreover意為“此外”，補(bǔ)充另一個(gè)批評(píng)點(diǎn)（項(xiàng)目優(yōu)先志愿者體驗(yàn)）；Therefore是“因此”；Otherwise是“否則”；However是“然而”。29.D。show意為“表演”，指“把工作變成社交媒體的秀”；symbol/sign是“符號(hào)”；photo是“照片”，不全面。30.C。Still意為“盡管如此”，轉(zhuǎn)折引出積極面；Thus是“因此”；Instead是“反而”；Otherwise是“否則”。31.A。formpartnerships表示“建立合作”；break/avoid/ignore是“破壞/避免/忽視”，不符。32.B。adaptedto表示“適應(yīng)”，“項(xiàng)目適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匦枨蟆?；related是“相關(guān)”；connected是“連接”；compared是“比較”。33.C。respectthelocalculture表示“尊重當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?；preserve是“保護(hù)”；observe是“觀察”；protect是“保護(hù)”，但“尊重”更貼合“傾聽居民聲音”。34.A。promotesustainablechange表示“促進(jìn)可持續(xù)變化”；prevent/prohibit/protest是“阻止/禁止/抗議”，不符。35.A。inconclusion意為“總之”，總結(jié)全文；contrast是“對(duì)比”；addition是“此外”；detail是“細(xì)節(jié)”。三、漢譯英36.Onlythroughconstantlearningandpr