PAGE1專題05選必一Unit5(知識(shí)全梳理&考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)練)內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航——預(yù)習(xí)三步曲第一步：學(xué)析教材學(xué)知識(shí)：一、高頻詞變形速通；二、語(yǔ)境為王-短語(yǔ)指南三、核心詞通關(guān)攻略練習(xí)題講典例：重點(diǎn)句型精講精練練考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)知識(shí)：核心詞考點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)練第二步：記串知識(shí)識(shí)框架：思維導(dǎo)圖助力掌握知識(shí)框架、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)復(fù)核內(nèi)容掌握第三步：測(cè)過(guò)關(guān)測(cè)穩(wěn)提升：小試牛刀檢測(cè)預(yù)習(xí)效果、查漏補(bǔ)缺快速提升一、高頻詞變形速通1.devote.v.把…用于;獻(xiàn)身;致力;專心→devotionn奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)；專心→devotedadj忠誠(chéng)的2.shortage：n.不足；缺少；短缺→shortadj.短的→shorten：v.縮短3.boostv.使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺n.增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)→近義：enhance；elevate；stimulate4.convincev使信服→convincedadj.確信的，深信的→convincingadj.令人信服的，有說(shuō)服力的5.charactern.①特點(diǎn)，特色②文字③人物;角色→characteristic①n.特征;特點(diǎn);品質(zhì)②adj.典型的;獨(dú)特的6.conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的→conventionn.習(xí)俗；集會(huì)；公約，協(xié)定；（文學(xué)、藝術(shù)上的）傳統(tǒng)手法，傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)7.assumptionn.假定；承擔(dān)；獲得→assumev.假定；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；假裝8.overcomev.克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝（overcame；overcome）→近義詞：defeat；surmount9.outputn.產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量v.輸出（output；output）→inputn.投入，輸進(jìn)10.intenseadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的→intensityn.強(qiáng)烈；強(qiáng)度11.attainv.（通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力）獲得；得到→attainable：adj.可達(dá)到的；可獲得的12.estimatev./n.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算→estimationn.評(píng)價(jià)；估計(jì)→overestimatev/n高估13.tacklev.解決；應(yīng)付（局面）；處理→同義：handle；address短語(yǔ)：dealwith=copewith處理；應(yīng)付14.generatev.產(chǎn)生；引起→generationn產(chǎn)生；代→generatorn發(fā)電機(jī)15.visionn.想象；視力；視野；影像→visualadj.視覺的；視力的16.saltyadj.含鹽的；咸的→saltn.鹽17.expandv擴(kuò)大；增加；擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）→expansionn擴(kuò)展；膨脹18.domesticadj.本國(guó)的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的→domesticallyadv.本國(guó)地；國(guó)內(nèi)地19.consumptionn消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)→consumev消費(fèi)；消耗→consumer消費(fèi)者20.containv包括；包含；由……組成→containern容器21.realityn現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)→realadj真的；真實(shí)的→reallyadv真實(shí)地；事實(shí)上非22.

urbanadj.城市的;都市的;城鎮(zhèn)的→suburbanadj.郊區(qū)的;市郊的→ruraladj.鄉(xiāng)村的;農(nóng)村的。23.

extensionn.延伸;擴(kuò)大;電話分機(jī)→extendvt.使伸長(zhǎng),延長(zhǎng)24.

chemicaladj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的n.化學(xué)制品;化學(xué)品→chemistryn.化學(xué)→chemistn化學(xué)家25.

nutritionaladj.營(yíng)養(yǎng)(物)的→nutritionn.營(yíng)養(yǎng);滋養(yǎng)→nutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的；營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的→nutrientn營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)→nutritionistn營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家26.

bacteriumn.→(pl.bacteria)細(xì)菌→datum-data數(shù)據(jù)→medium-media媒介27.

alleviatevt.減輕；緩解→同義：ease、relieve、lessen28.

mineraln.礦物；礦物質(zhì)→mine①pron我的②n礦井；礦③v開礦，采礦→minern礦工29.

groceryn.食品雜貨店；食品雜貨→store/shopn商店→supermarketn大型超市30.

widespreadadj.分布廣的;普遍的；廣泛的31.

digestv①消化②領(lǐng)會(huì);領(lǐng)悟n摘要；概要；文摘→digestionn消化；領(lǐng)悟→digestibleadj易消化的；可理解的32.

essential①adj.完全必要的;極其重要的②n.必需品→essentiallyadv本質(zhì)上；基本上33.

alternative①n.可供選擇的事物②adj.可供替代的;非傳統(tǒng)的→alternativelyadv本質(zhì)上;基本上二者擇一地;或者34.

rootn.根;根莖;根部;根源v（使）生根→rootedadj根深蒂固的35.

organicadj.有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的→organn.器官；機(jī)構(gòu)；管風(fēng)琴36.

pesticiden.殺蟲劑；除害藥物→pestn.害蟲；害獸；害鳥37.

povertyn.貧窮；貧困→pooradj.貧窮的；貧寒的38.

depthn.向下(或向里)的距離;深(度)→deepadj.深的；→deepenv.(使)變深；加深39.

entirelyadv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entireadj.完全的;全部的二、單句語(yǔ)法填空二、語(yǔ)境為王-短語(yǔ)指南1.take/goonarailjourney來(lái)一場(chǎng)火車之旅2.rangefrom...to...從...到...變化，包括（從...到...）之間的各類事物3.ontheAtlanticcoast在大西洋海岸4.ratherthan而不是5.alltheway一路上6.byrail乘坐火車7.startout出發(fā)8.betypicalofsth是...的典型代表9.takeaboatride乘船10.lookoutoverthecity俯瞰城市11.takeapleasanthike愉快的徒步旅行12.passthrough穿過(guò)13.takeone’sbreathaway令人驚嘆14.acoachboundnorth開往北方的長(zhǎng)途汽車15.inadditiontosth除...之外（還）16.mountainpeaks山峰17.oilandgasdrillingindustry油氣開采業(yè)18.freezingcold極冷的，凍僵的（freeze-froze-frozen）19.behometosth是...的家鄉(xiāng)20.infact實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上21.anticipatedoingsth預(yù)料做某事22.abunchof一束，一串，一群23.wakeup醒來(lái)（wake-woke-woken）24.thunderon轟鳴向前25.rollinghills起伏的群山26.pullbackthecurtains/drawthecurtains拉開窗簾27.onthesouthernborder在南部邊境28.allinall總之29.takeadurationof4days歷時(shí)4天30.beimpressedbysth對(duì)...印象深刻31.datebackto...追溯到...32.beuniquetosth為...所獨(dú)有33.enrollinsth報(bào)名參加...34.amassiveamountofmoney大筆的錢35.aplaneboundforToronto一架開往多倫多的飛機(jī)36.makealiving謀生37.besatisfiedwith對(duì)...滿意38.anexperienceofalifetime一生難忘的經(jīng)歷39.compare...with...將...與...比較40.Wordsfailme無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)41.killtime消磨時(shí)間42.Younameit.凡你能說(shuō)得出的，應(yīng)有盡有的43.contrarytosth與...相反44.proceedtosth繼續(xù)...45.goonatourofsth游覽...46.inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處，在遠(yuǎn)方47.beavailablefordinner有空用餐48.overdinner用餐期間49.chatwithsb與某人聊天（chat-chatted）50.incontrasttosth與...形成對(duì)比51.beclosetosth與...靠近/鄰近52.oweittooneselfthat...認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該...53.dreamofsth夢(mèng)見，夢(mèng)想三、核心詞通關(guān)攻略1.devote/d?'v??t/vt.把……獻(xiàn)（給）；把……專用于；專心于考頻：★★★Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.(P50)確實(shí)，他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀，與其為之奉獻(xiàn)畢生的千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的中國(guó)農(nóng)民無(wú)異。【拓展】(1)devoteone’slife/oneselfto(doing)sth.獻(xiàn)身于/致力于(做)某事(2)devoteone’stime/energy/attention/...to(doing)sth.把某人的時(shí)間/精力/注意力/……用到(做)某事上(3)devotedadj.忠誠(chéng)的；摯愛的；全心全意的bedevotedto...對(duì)……摯愛/忠誠(chéng)/投入(4)devotionn.奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)；關(guān)愛；摯愛(5)devotingoneselfto...或devotedto...常在句中作狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。Hetoldusthattherewerenearlythreehundredteachersdevotingthemselvestoteachingintheschool.他告訴我們學(xué)校有將近300名老師致力于教學(xué)工作。Devotedtohisscientificresearch,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.他致力于他的科研工作，沒有時(shí)間與家人共度周末?！就卣埂慷陶Z(yǔ)“devote...to...”中的to是介詞,不是不定式符號(hào),后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)應(yīng)用其動(dòng)名詞形式,類似用法的短語(yǔ)還有:lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事beopposedtodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事objecttodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事getdowntodoingsth.開始做某事payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事beequaltodoingsth.能勝任做某事be/getused/accustomedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事adapt/adjust(oneself)todoingsth.(使自己)適應(yīng)做某事2.tackle/?t?kl/vt.解決（難題）；應(yīng)付（局面）；處理考頻：★☆☆Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.(P50)為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一危機(jī)，他選擇學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)，在位于重慶的西南農(nóng)學(xué)院接受教育?！纠洹縏hereismorethanonewaytotackletheproblem.解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題不止一個(gè)辦法。Itneedstobetackledwitheducation.這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要通過(guò)教育來(lái)解決。Heannouncednewmeasurestotackletheillegalcrops.他宣布將采用新措施打擊非法種植。3.convincevt.使相信，使信服；說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)考頻：★★★Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(教材P50)袁堅(jiān)信,答案就在雜交水稻的培育中?！纠洹縄triedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.我盡力說(shuō)服自己，麻煩在于這個(gè)問(wèn)題本身，而不在我。HowcanIconvinceyouofherhonesty?我怎樣才能使你相信她的誠(chéng)實(shí)呢？Ihopethiswillconvinceyoutochangeyourmind.我希望這會(huì)說(shuō)服你改變主意。IwasconvincedthatIsawyouthere.我堅(jiān)信看見你在那里了。Iamconvincedofherinnocence.我堅(jiān)信她是無(wú)辜的。Thedatayouhavecollectedisnotenoughtobeconvincing.你們收集的材料說(shuō)服力不足?！就卣埂?1)convincesb.that...使某人相信……convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth.說(shuō)服某人做某事(4)convincedadj.堅(jiān)信，深信，確信(描述人的感受)(be)convincedof/that...堅(jiān)信……，確信……(5)convincingadj.令人信服的(描述物的特性)4.attain/?'te?n/vt.（通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力）獲得；得到考頻：★★☆Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(P50)雜交作物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是它們通常能獲得比傳統(tǒng)作物更高的產(chǎn)量。【例句】Mostofourstudentsattainedfive“A”gradesintheirexams.我們多數(shù)學(xué)生的考試成績(jī)是五個(gè)優(yōu)。Morewomenareattainingpositionsofpower.越來(lái)越多的女性獲得要職。Agloriousvictorycouldbeattainedonlybyeffortandpatience.輝煌的勝利只有靠努力和耐心才能獲得。5.intense/?n'tens/adj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的考頻：★☆☆Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.(P50)歷經(jīng)千辛萬(wàn)苦，袁隆平攻克了艱巨的技術(shù)難題，在1974年開發(fā)出了可用于耕作的第一代雜交水稻?！就卣埂縤ntensecompetition激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)【例句】Youngpeopletodayareunderintensepressuretosucceed.如今的年輕人面臨極大的成功壓力。He’sveryintenseabouteverything.他對(duì)一切都很熱心。6.overcome/??v?'k?m/vt.（overcame,overcome）克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝考頻：★☆☆Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.(P50)歷經(jīng)千辛萬(wàn)苦，袁隆平攻克了艱巨的技術(shù)難題，在1974年開發(fā)出了可用于耕作的第一代雜交水稻?！纠洹縎heovercameinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.她戰(zhàn)勝了傷痛，贏得了奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌。Herfinancialproblemscouldnolongerbeovercome.她的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難再也無(wú)法克服。Thetwopartiesmanagedtoovercometheirdifferencesontheissue.兩個(gè)政黨設(shè)法彌合了在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的分歧。7.estimate/'est?m?t/vt.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算n.估計(jì)；估算考頻：★★☆Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,...(P50)據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，……【拓展】estimatesth.at...估算某物為……beestimatedtodosth.被估計(jì)為……Itisestimated(that)．..據(jù)估計(jì)，……【例句】Itisestimatedthattheprojectwilllastfouryears.據(jù)估計(jì)，這項(xiàng)工程將用時(shí)四年。Icangiveyouaroughestimateoftheamountofwoodyouwillneed.我可以粗略估計(jì)一下你所需要的木材量。8.assumptionn．[C]假定，假設(shè)考頻：★★★考頻：★★☆Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(教材P50)當(dāng)時(shí)的普遍假設(shè)是那是不可能做到的?！纠洹縄twasimpossibletomakeassumptionsaboutpeople'sreactions.臆斷人們的反應(yīng)是不可能的。We’reworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.我們假定了每一個(gè)人都會(huì)應(yīng)邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。Thereweremanybigtechnologycompanieswithgoodresources.Ijustassumedoneofthemwoulddoit.有很多大的科技公司都有好的資源，我只是假設(shè)其中一個(gè)大公司會(huì)做這件事。Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevoluntarywork.人們認(rèn)為，那些把志愿者的角色看成是他們個(gè)人身份中很重要的一部分的人最有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)做志愿者工作。Theviruscamewithoutpeople'sbeingawareofitanditwasinitiallyassumedtobeacommonone.Butwithmorecasesreported,itprovedwrong.病毒在人們還沒有意識(shí)到它的時(shí)候就來(lái)了,最初人們認(rèn)為它是一種普通病毒。但是,隨著報(bào)道案例的增加,證明了它是錯(cuò)誤的?！就卣埂?1)makeassumptions/anassumptionabout...對(duì)……做假設(shè)(2)ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假設(shè)……(3)assumevt.假設(shè)；認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；就(職)assume...tobe...認(rèn)為……是……;假定……是……Itis(generally)assumedthat...人們(普遍)認(rèn)為……【名師提醒】assuming以及suppose、supposing、providing、provided引導(dǎo)的從句相當(dāng)于if、onconditionthat引導(dǎo)的條件9.comprise/k?m'pra?z/vt.包括；包含；由……組成考頻：★★☆Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,...(P51)據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，……【拓展】becomprisedof...包括；包含；由……組成（或構(gòu)成）【例句】Thehousecomprisestwobedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.這座房子有兩間臥室、一間廚房和一間起居室。Thecommitteeiscomprisedofwell-knownmountaineers.委員會(huì)由知名的登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員組成?！久麕熖嵝选縝ecomposedof 由……組成consistof 由……組成bemadeupof 由……組成，構(gòu)成10.leisure/'le??(r)/n.閑暇；休閑；空閑考頻：★☆☆GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.(P51)鑒于袁隆平開發(fā)雜交水稻而變得相當(dāng)富有，有人會(huì)認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受悠閑的生活。【拓展】leisureactivities/interests/pursuits業(yè)余活動(dòng)／愛好／嗜好【例句】Mostpeoplenowenjoyshorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime.現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人都喜歡工作時(shí)間短些，閑暇時(shí)間多些。Comeroundforlunchandthenwecandiscussitatleisure.有空過(guò)來(lái)吃午飯吧，我們可以慢慢討論。10.vision/'v??n/n.想象；視力；視野；影像考頻：★★☆Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,...(P51)他后來(lái)的“海水稻”愿景也已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，……?！纠洹縏hecouplemovedoutsideherfieldofvision.這對(duì)夫婦離開了她的視野。Tearsblurredhervision.淚水模糊了她的視線?！就卣埂縠nvisionvt.展望；想象Theyenvisionanequalsociety,freeofpovertyanddisease.他們向往一個(gè)沒有貧窮和疾病的平等社會(huì)。11.extension/?k'sten?n/n.擴(kuò)建部分；擴(kuò)大；電話分機(jī)考頻：★☆☆...,iscomprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextensionoftheLondonUnderground.(P52)……由兩條有望成為倫敦地鐵延伸的大型隧道組成?！纠洹縏hebankplansvariousextensionstoitscreditfacilities.銀行計(jì)劃多方面擴(kuò)展信貸服務(wù)。Therearetelephoneextensionsineveryroom.每個(gè)房間都有電話分機(jī)。【拓展】extendv.使伸長(zhǎng)；擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展extensiveadj.廣闊的；廣大的；大量的12.flavour(NAmE-vor)/'fle?v?/n.味道；特點(diǎn)；特色考頻：★☆☆However,whatsheisunhappyaboutisthelowernutritionalvalueandreducedflavour.(P53)然而，她不滿意的是它們營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值變低了，味道也變差了?！纠洹縏hetomatoesgiveextraflavourtothesauce.番茄使調(diào)味汁別有風(fēng)味。Apinchofherbswilladdflavourtoanydish.加一撮香草可以給任何菜肴提味。Thestorieshaveastrongregionalflavour.這些故事有很強(qiáng)的地區(qū)特色。13.nutrition/nju'tr??n/n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)考頻：★☆☆【例句】Nutritionandexerciseareessentialtofitnessandhealth.營(yíng)養(yǎng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)是保持健康所必不可少的。Toachievethisgoal,foodsecurityandnutritionneedtoimprove.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，需要改善食品安全和營(yíng)養(yǎng)。【拓展】nutritionaladj.營(yíng)養(yǎng)（物）的nutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的；營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的Adietlackinginnutritionalvaluewillnotkeepapersonhealthy.缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的飲食不能維持人的健康。Itisalwaysimportanttochooseenjoyable,nutritiousfoods.選擇好吃的、有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食品總是很重要的。14.organic/?:'g?n?k/adj.有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的考頻：★☆☆【例句】Organicfarmingisbetterfortheenvironment.有機(jī)耕作對(duì)環(huán)境較為有利。Improvethesoilbyaddingorganicmatter.加入有機(jī)物以改良土壤。Theshopsellsorganicfood.這家商店出售有機(jī)食品?！就卣埂縪rganicadj.器官的；統(tǒng)一的；關(guān)聯(lián)的Theybelieveintheorganicunityoftheuniverse.他們相信宇宙的統(tǒng)一整體性。15.widespread/'wa?dspred/adj.分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的考頻：★☆☆Chemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilisershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.(P55)自二十世紀(jì)中葉以來(lái)，化學(xué)農(nóng)藥和人工肥料便廣泛應(yīng)用于耕作。【例句】Theplanreceivedwidespreadsupportthroughoutthecountry.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃得到了全國(guó)的普遍支持。Thestormcausedwidespreaddamage.暴風(fēng)雨造成了大范圍的破壞。Plasticisinwidespreaduse.塑料已被廣泛地使用。16.inturn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流考頻：★★☆Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.(P55)這會(huì)影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜?！纠洹縏hechildrencalledouttheirnamesinturn.孩子們逐一自報(bào)姓名。Increasedproductionwill,inturn,leadtoincreasedprofits.增加生產(chǎn)會(huì)繼而增加利潤(rùn)。Peopleareinfluencedbytheirenvironmentand,inturn,influencetheirenvironment.人們受環(huán)境影響，反過(guò)來(lái)又影響他們周圍的環(huán)境?！就卣埂縤none’sturn 輪到某人；接著byturns 輪流；依次taketurnsdoing/todo... 輪流做……It'sone’sturntodosth. 輪到某人干某事17.digest/da?'d?est/vt.&vi.消化vt.領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟/?da?d?est/n.摘要；文摘考頻：★★☆Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.(P55)這會(huì)影響土里種植的作物，繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜?！纠洹縔oushouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtodigest.飯后你應(yīng)該留點(diǎn)時(shí)間讓食物消化。Hepaused,waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.他停了一會(huì)兒，等她慢慢領(lǐng)會(huì)這一信息。Incaseslikethis,youcantrymakingadigestofyournotes.在這種情況下，你可以試著做一個(gè)筆記摘要。18.essential/?'sen?l/adj.完全必要的；極其重要的考頻：★☆☆Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,...(P55)此類作物外表靚麗，而內(nèi)里卻經(jīng)常是水分多于必需礦物質(zhì)，……?！就卣埂?1)beessentialto/for對(duì)……很重要(2)Itisessentialforsb.todo...“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做……是完全必要的”(3)Itisessentialthat...(should)do...“做……是完全必要的”【例句】Agooddietisessentialforeveryone.良好的飲食對(duì)于每個(gè)人都是極為重要的。Itisessentialthatourpilotsaregiventhebestpossibletraining.我們的飛行員要受到最好的培訓(xùn)，這是必不可少的。19.alternative/?:l't?:n?t?v/n.可供選擇的事物adj.可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的考頻：★☆☆A(yù)sanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.(P55)作為一種替代方法，有些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作，而且許多消費(fèi)者在當(dāng)?shù)厥畴s店購(gòu)物時(shí)，也轉(zhuǎn)而選擇有機(jī)食品?！纠洹縃aveyouanyalternativesuggestions?你有沒有別的建議？Acupunctureiswidelyusedbypractitionersofalternativemedicine.針刺療法被非西方傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)從業(yè)者廣泛利用。Ihadnoalternativebuttoreporthimtothepolice.除了向警察舉報(bào)他，我別無(wú)選擇。(1)havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth.別無(wú)選擇只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做……的選擇，可以做……there’snoalternative...buttodosth.……別無(wú)選擇只好做某事analternativeto... ……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv. 可供選擇地【名師提醒】“別無(wú)選擇只好做……”的其他表達(dá)形式還有：havenochoicebuttodosth.；can’tdosth.butdosth.；candonothingbutdosth.等。在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中若but之前出現(xiàn)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否則，but之后的to不能省略。20.instance/'?nst?ns/n.例子；實(shí)例；事例考頻：★★☆Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.(P56)例如，他們可能第一年在田里種植玉米或小麥，第二年改種豆類?！就卣埂縡orinstance例如；比如【例句】Inmostinstances,therewillbenoneedforfurthertreatment.多數(shù)情況下，不必繼續(xù)治療。Weneedtorethinkthewayweconsumeenergy.Take,forinstance,ourapproachtotransport.我們需要重新考慮我們使用能源的方式，例如我們的運(yùn)輸方式。21.depth/depθ/n.向下（或向里）的距離；深（度）考頻：★★☆Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.(P56)有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民也種植土壤深度要求不同的多樣化作物，以保持土壤肥沃?！纠洹縈anydolphinscandivetodepthsof200metres.許多海豚可潛到200米深。Thedepthoftheshelvesis30centimetres.書架的深度為30厘米。【拓展】deepadj.深的adv.在深處；深深地depthofknowledge淵博的知識(shí)thedepthsofwinter隆冬22.entirely/?n'ta??l?/adv.全部地；完整地；完全地考頻：★☆☆Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.(P56)有些人寧愿在農(nóng)業(yè)中徹底停止使用人工化學(xué)品?！纠洹縄entirelyagreewithyou.我完全同意你的看法。Oursituationisentirelydifferent.我們的處境完全不同。Themoonwillobscurethesun,butnotblockitentirely.月亮?xí)谧√?yáng)，但不會(huì)完全遮住它。23.expandvt.擴(kuò)張；使膨脹；詳述考頻：★★☆Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.(教材P50)這種雜交水稻使農(nóng)民大大增加了產(chǎn)量?！纠洹縏hepetalsofmanyflowersexpandinthesunshine.許多花瓣在陽(yáng)光下綻放。Thebusinesshasexpandedgreatlyoverthelastyear.過(guò)去的一年里，這家公司極大地增加了業(yè)務(wù)量。【拓展】expand...into... 把……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……expandinto... 發(fā)展成/擴(kuò)大成……expandonsth. 細(xì)說(shuō)(闡述)……24.considervt.認(rèn)為，覺得；vi.&vt.仔細(xì)考慮考頻：★★☆Yuanconsidershimselfafarmer.(教材P50)袁隆平把自己看作一個(gè)農(nóng)民。【例句】Thisawardisconsidered(tobe)agreathonour.這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)被視為極大的榮譽(yù)。He'sconsideredtohavegoneabroad.大家都認(rèn)為他出國(guó)了。Iconsideritafoolishideatoaccepttheinvitation.我認(rèn)為接受這個(gè)邀請(qǐng)是一個(gè)愚蠢的想法。WeareconsideringgoingtoHainanfortheSpringFestival.我們正在考慮去海南過(guò)春節(jié)。【拓展】(1)considersb./sth.(tobe)＋n./adj.或considersb./sth.(as)＋n.認(rèn)為某人/某物……(2)beconsideredtohavedonesth.被認(rèn)為做了某事(3)considerit＋adj./n.＋動(dòng)詞不定式/that...認(rèn)為……是……的/是……(it為形式賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)adj.常為necessary,important,polite等)consider(doing)sth.考慮(做)某事(注意不接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ))25.takeon接受(工作)，承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)，呈現(xiàn)，具有(特征，外觀等)；聘用，雇用考頻：★★☆Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.(教材P52)他是一個(gè)很好的演員，將自己奉獻(xiàn)于所出演的每一個(gè)角色中。【例句】Afterconsultingwithhermanagershedecidedtotakeonthepart.經(jīng)紀(jì)人商量之后，她決定出演這一角色。Nootherorganizationwasableorwillingtotakeonthejob.沒有其他組織能夠或愿意承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.在遭受大地震淪為廢墟后不久，這座城市就呈現(xiàn)出了新的面貌。Shewastakenonasatrainee.她受聘當(dāng)實(shí)習(xí)生?！就卣埂縯ake構(gòu)成的其他短語(yǔ)：takeoff脫下；起飛；休假takeup占用(時(shí)間、空間或精力)；開始從事takeapart拆散，拆開(機(jī)器等)takein吸入；欺騙；理解takeback收回；退還takeover接管，取得對(duì)……的控制takedown寫下take...for...把……誤以為……26.impressvt.給…以深刻印象,使銘記考頻：★★★Whatimpressedmemostisthat...(教材P53)給我留下最深刻印象的是……【例句】WeweredeeplyimpressedbyZhongNanshan,whodevotedhimselftoCOVID-19inhiseighties.我們對(duì)鐘南山印象深刻,他在八十多歲時(shí)還致力于新冠肺炎。ThebeautifulsceneryofGuilinneverfailstoleaveadeepimpressiononitsvisitors.桂林的美景總是讓游客印象深刻。Heimpressedonustheneedforimmediateaction.他讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到立刻采取行動(dòng)的必要?！就卣埂?1)impressvt.給……留下深刻的好印象;在……上蓋印;使銘記impresssb.with...……給某人留下深刻的好印象impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人意識(shí)到某事beimpressedwith/by...對(duì)……欽佩/敬仰/有深刻的好印象(2)impressionn.印象leave/makeanimpressiononsb.給某人留下印象(3)impressiveadj.令人贊嘆的;令人敬佩的單元語(yǔ)法：1.given＋that從句GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.(教材P51)考慮到袁隆平的雜交作物已經(jīng)讓他變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受悠閑的生活。完成句子考慮到她喜歡小孩子，我可以肯定教書是很適合她的職業(yè)。_______________________________________________________,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.【答案】Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren或Considering(that)sheisinterestedinchildren或Given/Consideringherinterestinchildren【名師提醒】Giventheirinexperience，they’vedoneagoodjob.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗(yàn)，他們已經(jīng)做得不錯(cuò)了。Giventhathehashadsixmonthstofinishthetask,hehasn'tmademuchprogress.鑒于他有六個(gè)月的時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作，他并沒有取得太多進(jìn)展?！就卣埂縢ivenprep.意為“鑒于，考慮到”，構(gòu)成“given＋that從句”，在句中常作狀語(yǔ)。given可以用considering來(lái)替換2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Withmoreandmorefarmmachinesbeingusedinthefields,thecrisisoffuelhasbeenincreasing.(教材P52)隨著越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械在田間的使用,燃料的危機(jī)一直在增加。單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Withtheguide___________(lead)theway,wefoundhishomeeasily.②Withallthetasks__________(finish),theywenttothecinemahappily.③Withalotofdifficultproblems__________(settle),thenewlyelectedmanagerisinadilemma.

④在這幅圖中,我們可以看到一個(gè)男孩穿著舊衣服,坐在一個(gè)堆著一堆書的破舊木桌旁邊。__________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】leading;finished;tosettle;Inthepicture,wecanseeaboyinwornclothessittingbyashabbywoodentablewithapileofbooksonit.

【名師提醒】Withthehouseempty,Jackfeltlonely.因?yàn)榉孔涌湛盏?，杰克感到很孤?dú)。Witheverythingpreparedwell,hebelievedhecouldsucceed.一切都準(zhǔn)備好了,他相信他會(huì)成功。Withsomuchhomeworktodo,shewillsparenotimetoattendtheparty.有那么多的作業(yè)要做,她將抽不出時(shí)間去參加聚會(huì)。Withsomanychildrentalkingandlaughing,Icouldn'tsettledowntowork.這么多孩子又說(shuō)又笑,我不能靜下心來(lái)工作。【拓展】with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),常見形式為:(1)with+賓語(yǔ)+adj./adv.(2)with+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)(3)with+賓語(yǔ)+doing/done/todo(4)當(dāng)with后的賓語(yǔ)和作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞形式;如果表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用不定式。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略、Howwecanfindasuitablesolutiontoproducesufficientfoodwhilekeepingtheenvironmentsaferemainsanunansweredquestion.(教材P53)單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①While___________(climb)themountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.②When_________(ask)aboutthesecretofhissuccess,hesaidthatheowedmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.③Heopenedhismouthasif__________(say)something.

④你就待在原地別動(dòng),除非叫你離開。__________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】climbing;asked;tosay;Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unlessaskedtoleave.

我們?nèi)绾握业揭粋€(gè)合適的解決方案來(lái)生產(chǎn)足夠的食物,同時(shí)保持環(huán)境安全,仍然是一個(gè)未被答復(fù)的問(wèn)題。Paraphrase:Howwecanfindasuitablesolutiontoproducesufficientfoodwhilewearekeepingtheenvironmentsaferemainsanunansweredquestion.【名師提醒】Sowhilesittingintheclassroomanddoingmypapers,Ifeltconfidentandwasfullofenergy.因此,當(dāng)我坐在教室做試卷時(shí),我感到自信且精力旺盛?！癟heprizemoneyistoolittletoaffordevenhalfofalivingroominBeijing,”TuYouyoutoldthejournalistjokinglywhenaskedhowtospendtheprizemoney.當(dāng)被問(wèn)及如何花這筆獎(jiǎng)金時(shí),屠呦呦開玩笑地告訴記者,“獎(jiǎng)金太少,不夠在北京買半個(gè)客廳”。Unlessnecessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.除非有必要,否則你最好不要查詞典?！就卣埂?1)狀語(yǔ)從句省略的條件：1)when,while,though,evenif,unless,if,asif等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句2)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)為it3)狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞(2)狀語(yǔ)從句省略的形式：省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞4.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyagainforthenextbatchofcrops.(教材P56)要種植不同作物的原因在于它們把重要的礦物質(zhì)放回了地里，讓它再次為下一批作物作好準(zhǔn)備。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries,________(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.②Hecutofftheelectricityquickly,________(prevent)anaccident.③Shegottothestationonly________(tell)thetrainhadgone.④Thechildslippedandfelldown,________(hit)hisheadagainstthedoor.⑤Shethrewthetoyontheground,________(break)itintopieces.【答案】making;preventing;tobetold;hitting;breaking【名師提醒】?Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他父親去世了，留給他許多錢。?Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.大雨滂沱，導(dǎo)致那個(gè)國(guó)家洪水泛濫。本句中making的短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)【拓展】現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，也可以是前面整個(gè)句子，其表示的動(dòng)作幾乎和謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果?！咀⒁狻縿?dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，往往表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，其前常有only。Ihurriedtohishouse,onlytofindhimout.我急急忙忙趕到他家，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家。(出乎意料的結(jié)果)考點(diǎn)1：consider的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配單句語(yǔ)法填空①M(fèi)yparentsareconsidering________(buy)acomputer,whichisconsidered________(be)ofgreathelpwithmyworkandstudy.②CharlesChaplinisconsidered__________(make)agreatcontributiontothefilmindustry.③Billconsiders________harmfultostayuplateinthenight.【答案】buying,tobe;tohavemade;it考點(diǎn)2：devote的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配(1)單句填空①________(devote)________teachingthedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.②Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefully________(devote)toyourwork.③Wereallyappreciateyour________(devote)toourcompany.【答案】Devoted,to;devoted;devotion(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Ihavespentmuchtimeinmakingpreparationsforthenextlesson.→Ihave__________________________makingpreparationsforthenextlesson.

⑤Devotedtoreadingthenovel,shedidn'tnoticehermothercomingin.→________________________readingthenovel,shedidn'tnoticehermothercomingin.

【答案】devotedmuchtimeto;Devotingherselfto考點(diǎn)3：convince的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①You’llneedtoconvincethem________yourenthusiasmforthejob.②Ithinkyoucanhelpmeconvincemyfather________(leave)．③__________(convince)thathewaswrong,hefeltverysad.④She’llcookupa__________(convince)explanationforherfailure.⑤I’m________(convince)thatheisnottellingthetruth.(2)單句寫作=6\*GB3⑥Hetriedto__________meofthetruthofthenewsbuthecouldn’tprovide__________proof.Therefore,itseemedthathedidn’tspeak____________.=7\*GB3⑦他盡力使我相信這個(gè)消息的真實(shí)性，但他無(wú)法提供令人信服的證據(jù)，所以他的說(shuō)法似乎沒有說(shuō)服力。這幅圖畫讓我深信做一個(gè)好女兒比做一個(gè)好學(xué)生更重要。__________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】of;toleave;Convinced;convincing;convinced;convince,convincing,convincinglyThepictureconvincesmethatitismoreimportanttobeagooddaughterthanagoodstudent.考點(diǎn)4：vary的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Changesinpricenormallyvary________changesinsupplyanddemand.②ThoughLucyandLilyaretwins,theyvary_______characters.③Theschoollibraryprovides_________(variety)originalworks,hopingtheywillmeettheneedsofdifferentstudents.④Housepricesvary________place_______placeandareusuallyhighwheretherearefamousschools.⑤在這種技術(shù)的幫助下,給檢查者提供各種合適的鍛煉方法的建議變得容易多了。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】with;in;various;from,to;Withthehelpofthistechnique,providingvarious(=avarietyof/varietiesof)suggestionsonappropriatewaysofexerciseforexaminesbecomesmucheasier.

考點(diǎn)5：assume的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配(1)單句填空①Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcan_____________(assume)thatthelatterisduetotheformer.

②Peoplemakealotof_____________(assume)aboutherfamilybackground.③____________(assume)itrainstomorrow,whatshouldwedo?(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Suppose(that)itrainstomorrow,shallwecancelthesportsmeeting?→_______________________________itrainstomorrow,shallwecancelthesportsmeeting?

⑤Weassumethatheisanhonestboy.→Weassume_____________anhonestboy.

→____________________heisanhonestboy.

【答案】beassumed;assumptions;Assuming;Supposing/Assuming/Providing/Provided(that);himtobe;Itisassumedthat考點(diǎn)6：expand的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配完成句子①請(qǐng)你把這一點(diǎn)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明一下，好嗎？Couldyou________________thispoint,please?②他的工作室擴(kuò)大規(guī)模而成為一家大公司了。Hisstudio________________________abigcompany.③中國(guó)的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)正迅速發(fā)展。Theinformationindustries_______________________inChina.【答案】expandon;wasexpandedinto;arerapidlyexpanding考點(diǎn)7：estimate的用法[考向]完成句子①我可以粗略估計(jì)一下你所需要的木材量。Icangiveyou________________theamountofwoodyouwillneed.②據(jù)估計(jì)這項(xiàng)工程將持續(xù)四年。________________that______________________.【答案】aroughestimateof;Itisestimated,theprojectwilllastfouryears考點(diǎn)8：comprise的用法[考向]詞形轉(zhuǎn)換+固定搭配單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯①Aweekconsists_________sevendays.②救援隊(duì)由8個(gè)士兵和2個(gè)醫(yī)生組成。Therescueteam______________________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteam_________________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteam_______________eightsoldiersandtwodoctors.【答案】of;iscomposedof,consistsof,ismadeupof考點(diǎn)9：takeon的用法[考向]詞語(yǔ)辨析單句語(yǔ)法填空①Whenthedelayedflightwilltake________dependsmuchontheweather.②Notknowingmuchoftheworldyet,simple－mindedteenagersareeasilytaken________.③Briggswilltake________asgeneralmangerwhenMitchellretires.④Youngsterswhosufferalotofacademicburdensareencouragedtotake________asportandleadanactivelifestyle.【答案】of;in;over;up考點(diǎn)10：inturn的用法[考向]詞語(yǔ)辨析單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Itismy