18/18Unit1scienceandscientists核心知識同步（詞+短語+句式+語篇精煉）一：單詞夯實。Step1：會讀以下單詞，并能熟練說出詞性和漢語意思。1.severe

2.contradictory

3.infection

4.subscribe

5.proof

6.multiple

7.household

8.suspect

9.blame

10.handle

11.intervention

12.link

13.raw

14.pure

15.substantial

16.decrease

17.statistic

18.transform

19.microscope

20.thinking

21.protein

22.cell

23.virus

24.finding

25.initial

26.framework

27.solid

28.cast

29.shadow

30.concrete

31.mechanic

32.defend

33.assistant

34.missile

35.leadership

36.outstanding

37.gifted

38.abstract

39.concept

40.astronomer

41.telescope

42.brilliant

43.shift

44.vivid

45.data

46.athletic

47.issue

48.pollute

49.expect

50.block

51.target

52.advance

53.absolutely

54.critical

55.definitely

56.reflect

57.pressure

58.exist

59.demonstrate

60.occur

61.impact

62.serve

63.spirit

64.devotion

65.well-respected

66.attend

67.switch

68.defend

69.pursue

70.assistant

71.pioneer

72.conduct

73.homeland

74.undeveloped

75.talent

76.expert

77.field

78.nevertheless

80.challenge

81.determined

82.leadership

83.generation

84.launch

85.trace

86.track

87.earn

88.extremely

89.knowledgeable

90.frontier

91.outstanding

92.creative

93.appreciation

94.inspiration

95.gifted

96.image

97.abstract

98.fame

99.origin

100.steady

101.single

102.concept

103.brilliant

104.careless

105.furthermore

106.admit

107.combination

108.positive

109.personality

110.illustrate

111.basis

112.quality

113.essential

114.mixture

115.identify

116.benefitstep2:默寫單詞。嚴(yán)重的__________矛盾的__________感染__________訂閱__________證明__________多個的__________家庭__________懷疑__________責(zé)備；歸咎__________處理vt_____干預(yù)n./vt___________鏈接__________生的；未加工的__________純凈的__________大量的；重要的__________減少__________統(tǒng)計__________變換__________顯微鏡__________思考__________蛋白質(zhì)__________細(xì)胞__________病毒__________發(fā)現(xiàn)__________最初的__________框架__________固體__________演員__________影子__________混凝土__________機修工__________捍衛(wèi)__________助理__________導(dǎo)彈__________領(lǐng)導(dǎo)n._________杰出的__________有天賦的__________抽象的__________概念__________天文學(xué)家__________望遠(yuǎn)鏡__________才華橫溢的__________轉(zhuǎn)變__________生動的__________數(shù)據(jù)s__________體育__________問題__________污染__________預(yù)計__________石塊；阻擋vt__________目標(biāo)__________提前__________絕對__________________關(guān)鍵的；嚴(yán)重的__________絕對__________反映__________壓力__________存在__________證明vt________發(fā)生v._________影響vt._________服務(wù)n.__________精神__________奉獻__________受人尊敬的__________參加__________開關(guān)__________捍衛(wèi)__________追求__________助理__________先鋒__________進行__________國土__________未開發(fā)的__________人才__________專家__________場__________然而__________阻止__________挑戰(zhàn)__________確定__________領(lǐng)導(dǎo)__________一代__________發(fā)射__________跟蹤__________跟蹤__________獲得__________極其__________知識淵博的__________前沿__________杰出的__________創(chuàng)造性的__________升值__________靈感__________有天賦的__________圖像__________抽象的__________名聲__________起源__________穩(wěn)定的__________單一的__________概念__________才華橫溢的__________粗心的__________此外__________承認(rèn)__________結(jié)合__________積極的__________個性__________說明__________基礎(chǔ)的；本質(zhì)的__________質(zhì)量__________必要的__________混合__________識別__________好處__________二：詞塊。Step1:熟練朗讀下面的短語并識記漢語，然后默寫。oneofthemostfeareddiseases最可怕的疾病之一becomefrustrated變得沮喪attendtosb照顧某人losedesiretodo失去做事的欲望onceandforall一勞永逸ingeneral一般來說twocontradictorytheories兩種相互矛盾的理論aninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater食物或水中細(xì)菌的感染subscribetothesecondtheory贊同第二種理論intwoparticularstreets在兩條特別的街道上bedeterminedtofindoutwhy決心找出原因beginbymarkingtheexactplaces從標(biāo)記確切的位置開始multipledeathsnearthewaterpump水泵附近多人死亡somehousehold/familieshadnodeaths一些家庭沒有死亡suspectthatthewaterpumpwastoblame懷疑是水泵造成的whatismore/what’smore/moreover更多aftermovingawayfrom離開后Itseemedthat看來haveitdeliveredtoherhouse把它送到她家asaresultoftheevidence作為證據(jù)的結(jié)果announcethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms宣布水泵里水有霍亂病菌havethehandleremoved把把手拿下來throughthisintervention通過這次干預(yù)thediseasewasstoppedinitstrack疾病的傳播途徑被制止了bepollutedbyrawwaste被未經(jīng)處理的廢物污染throughtireless/intensive/jointefforts通過不懈的/集中的/共同的努力thethreatsawasubstantialdecrease威脅大大減少thankstotheworkof多虧了beconsideredthefatherof被認(rèn)為是subscribeto訂閱breakout突然爆發(fā)inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)comedown下來；傳染aboveall首先sideeffect副作用bedefinitelyofcriticalimportance絕對是至關(guān)重要的haveagreater/positiveimpacton對…的影響anextremelywell-respectedman極受尊敬的人amanwithscientificthought有科學(xué)思想的人servehismotherlandwitheffort,achievementanddevotion努力、成就、奉獻報效祖國switchhismajor換專業(yè)protectanddefendthecountry保衛(wèi)國家conductimportantresearch進行重要研究overcomedifficulties克服困難receiveahero’swelcome受到英雄般的歡迎takeonthechallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)launchthefirstman-madesatellite發(fā)射第一顆人造衛(wèi)星tracebackto追溯到themostfamousandgiftedscientist最著名最有天賦的科學(xué)家befamiliarwith熟悉achievefame成名admithisfaults承認(rèn)他的錯誤apartfrom除了amixtureof…的混合物haveavividimagination有豐富的想象力astrongintuition強烈的直覺takenewmeasurements進行新的測量settletheconflict解決沖突drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論getabetterunderstandingof更好地了解comeupwith想出sufferfrom受折磨Step2：默寫短語。oneof___________________________最可怕的疾病之一become_____________________變得沮喪attend_____________________sb照顧某人lose_____________________todo失去做事的欲望_____________________一勞永逸in_____________________一般來說two_____________________theories兩種相互矛盾的理論aninfection_____________________infoodorwater食物或水中細(xì)菌的感染_____________________thesecondtheory贊同第二種理論intwo_____________________streets在兩條特別的街道上be_____________________決心找出原因begin_____________________places從標(biāo)記確切的位置開始_____________________nearthewaterpump水泵附近多人死亡some_____________________nodeaths一些家庭沒有死亡suspectthatthewaterpump_____________________懷疑是水泵造成的whatismore/what’smore/moreover_____________________after_____________________from離開后Itseemedthat_____________________haveit_____________________herhouse把它送到她家_____________________theevidence作為證據(jù)的結(jié)果announcethatthepumpwater_____________________germs宣布水泵里水有霍亂病菌havethehandle_____________________把把手拿下來throughthis_____________________通過這次干預(yù)thediseasewasstopped_____________________疾病的傳播途徑被停止了bepollutedby_____________________被未經(jīng)處理的廢物污染through__________________________________________通過不懈的/集中的/共同的努力thethreat_____________________威脅大大減少_____________________theworkof多虧了_____________________thefatherof被認(rèn)為是__________________________________________訂閱_____________________突然爆發(fā)in_____________________of負(fù)責(zé)_____________________down下來；傳染_____________________首先_____________________副作用be_____________________importance絕對是至關(guān)重要的have_____________________對…有影響an_____________________man極受尊敬的人aman_____________________有科學(xué)思想的人servehismotherland_______________________________________努力、成就、奉獻報效祖國_____________________hismajor換專業(yè)_____________________thecountry保衛(wèi)國家_____________________research進行重要研究_____________________克服困難receive_____________________受到英雄般的歡迎_____________________接受挑戰(zhàn)_____________________satellite發(fā)射第一顆人造衛(wèi)星tracebackto_____________________the_____________________scientist最著名最有天賦的科學(xué)家be_____________________with熟悉_____________________成名_____________________承認(rèn)他的錯誤apartfrom__________________________________________...的混合物have_____________________有豐富的想象力astrongintuition_____________________takenew_____________________進行新的測量_____________________theconflict解決沖突_____________________得出結(jié)論get_____________________of更好地了解comeupwith想出_____________________受折磨三：句子（根據(jù)漢語背誦以下句子）Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untiladoctorshowedhowitcouldbeovercome.霍亂曾經(jīng)是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到一個醫(yī)生揭示了如何克服它。Heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.他從未失去徹底消滅霍亂的愿望。Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.一般來說，當(dāng)時的醫(yī)生有兩種相互矛盾的理論來解釋霍亂是如何傳播的。WhenanoutbreakofcholerahitEuropemillionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.當(dāng)歐洲爆發(fā)霍亂時，數(shù)百萬人死于這種疾病。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.起初，斯諾在地圖上標(biāo)出了所有死者曾經(jīng)居住過的確切地點。Snowsuspectedthatthewaterwastoblame.斯諾懷疑水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他把泵的把手拿下來，使它不能使用。Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.通過這一干預(yù)措施，疾病被遏制住了。Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.喝這種水的人比喝純凈水或開水的人更容易得霍亂。Throughhistirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease通過他孜孜不倦的努力，供水公司開始銷售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅減少。Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.幸運的是，多虧了約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂。Describedasamanwithgreatscientificthoughtsandscientificspiritwhowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffortachievement,anddevotion,Qinawasanextremelywell-respectedman.描述為一個偉大的科學(xué)思想和科學(xué)精神是愛國主義和他的祖國,努力成就,和奉獻,錢學(xué)森是一個非常受人尊敬的人。Qianmadethedecisiontoswifthismajor.錢學(xué)森決定改變他的專業(yè)。AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChina在克服了在美國的最后幾年的一些困難后，錢學(xué)森回到了中國。Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他從祖國受到了英雄般的歡迎，并被任命不僅負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國的火箭科學(xué)，而且還負(fù)責(zé)它的空間和導(dǎo)彈計劃。Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfield.當(dāng)時的中國很窮，火箭科學(xué)也不發(fā)達，沒有這方面的人才和專家。Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.盡管如此，錢并沒有因此而放棄挑戰(zhàn)。Whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings.也許是他對其他事物的濃厚興趣使他成為了一個杰出而有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家。Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehiminspirationinhisscientificresearch.他對藝術(shù)的深刻欣賞經(jīng)常給他的科學(xué)研究以靈感。Thewholecountrywassaddenedbyhisdeath,andpeoplehonoredandrememberedhimindifferentways.全國都為他的死而悲痛，人們用不同的方式紀(jì)念和紀(jì)念他。Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他愿意說別人不敢說的，愿意做別人不敢做的夢。step2：根據(jù)漢語熟練默寫英語?；魜y曾經(jīng)是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到一個醫(yī)生揭示了如何克服它。他從未失去徹底消滅霍亂的愿望。一般來說，當(dāng)時的醫(yī)生有兩種相互矛盾的理論來解釋霍亂是如何傳播的。當(dāng)歐洲爆發(fā)霍亂時，數(shù)百萬人死于這種疾病。起初，斯諾在地圖上標(biāo)出了所有死者曾經(jīng)居住過的確切地點。斯諾懷疑水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。因此，他把泵的把手拿下來，使它不能使用。通過這一干預(yù)措施，疾病被遏制住了。喝這種水的人比喝純凈水或開水的人更容易得霍亂。通過他孜孜不倦的努力，供水公司開始銷售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅減少。幸運的是，多虧了約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂。描述為一個偉大的科學(xué)思想和科學(xué)精神是愛國主義和他的祖國,努力成就,和奉獻,錢學(xué)森是一個非常受人尊敬的人。錢學(xué)森決定改變他的專業(yè)。在克服了在美國的最后幾年的一些困難后，錢學(xué)森回到了中國。他從祖國受到了英雄般的歡迎，并被任命不僅負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國的火箭科學(xué)，而且還負(fù)責(zé)它的空間和導(dǎo)彈計劃。當(dāng)時的中國很窮，火箭科學(xué)也不發(fā)達，沒有這方面的人才和專家。盡管如此，錢并沒有因此而放棄挑戰(zhàn)。也許是他對其他事物的濃厚興趣使他成為了一個杰出而有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家。他對藝術(shù)的深刻欣賞經(jīng)常給他的科學(xué)研究以靈感。全國都為他的死而悲痛，人們用不同的方式紀(jì)念和紀(jì)念他。他愿意說別人不敢說的，愿意做別人不敢做的夢。四.課文創(chuàng)編語法填空。JOHNSNOWDEFEATSKING“CHOLERA”Cholerausedtobeoneofthemost___1_______（fear）diseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcould__2________(overcome).Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeathintheearlythecentury,when_3__outbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.__4___ayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecame5________(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholeraIntime,he6______(rise)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattend_____7________QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholera.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo___8_______(contradict)theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywas___9___badaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholera___10_______(cause)byan____11______(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwaterSnowsuspectedthesecondtheoryItwascorrect,buthestillneededproof._____12__________(consequence),when13______outbreakofcholera_14_____(hit)Londonin,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere___15____morethanpeoplediedintendaysHewas_______16_______(determine)tofindoutwhySnowbeganby_____17_____(mark)onamaptheexactplaces___18_____allthosewhodiedhadlivedThereweremultiple__19____________(die)nearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers,,and)However,somehouseholds(suchasandBroadStreet,andCambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeathsThesepeopleworkedinthepubatCambridgeStreetThey___20_______(give)freebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwas______21____(blame.)Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.__22___seemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit_______23___(deliver)toherhouseeverydayAsaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms._____24______(according),hehadthehandleofthepump_____25____(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.___26_____thisintervention,thedisease______27____________（stop）initstracksThetruthwas___28_____thewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump______29_____(infect)byrawwaste.Later,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondonSomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThames__30____waspollutedbyrawwasteThepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremorelikely___31____(get)cholerathanthosewhodrank_____32_____(pollute)or_____33_____(boil)waterThroughSnow's_____34_____(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworld____35______(see)asubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblemEachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.______36____,(fortune)weknowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientiststudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snow____37_____(consider)thefatherofepidemiology.【答案】1.feared2.beovercome3.an4.As5.frustrated6.rose7.to8.contradictory9.that10.wascaused11.infection12.Consequently13.an14.hit15.that16.determined17.marking18.where19.deaths20.hadbeengiven21.toblame.22.It23.delivered24.Accordingly25.removed26.Through27.wasstopped28.that29.wasinfected30.which31.toget32.polluted33.boiled34.tireless35.saw36.36.Fortunately37.isconsideredTHEFATHEROFCHINA’SAEROSPACEPerhapsnootherscientisthashada1___________(great)impactonChina’saerospacescience__2___________QianXuesen.3__________(describe)bytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit""whowas___4_______(passion)andservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasan_5_________(extreme)well-respectedman__6________(bear)inHangzhouin,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.__7________,aftertheSonghuBattle_8______(break)outin1932,Qianmadethedecision9__________(switch)hismajortoaviation_10_______herealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountryQianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935__11________(pursue)hisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnologyAsagraduateassistantattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthes,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearch_____12__________rocketpropulsion,andinthes,heandseveralotherpeople____13___(found)theJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'sleadingspace-explorationcentres.After_14_________(overcome)somedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinainHereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonly__15_______________(develop)China'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewas___16_______(develop).NoinstituteoruniversityinChinaofferedrocketScienceasamajor,andtherewerenotalents_____17_______expertsinthisfieldinChina.However,Qiandidnotletthat__18________(courage)himfromtakingonthechallengeWhen________(ask)"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?",hisreplywas_19_____determined"Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethings_20_____otherpeoplemake”___21_____Qian'sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,____22______(follow)bythefirstofLongMarchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalso_________23________(trace)backtoQian's’research,,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”Qianreadalotandwasextremely____24______(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearchHowever,__25________mighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawingHisdeep____26_________(appreciate)forartoftengavehim______27______(inspire)inhisscientificOnOctober,thewholecountrywas____28______(sad)byQian'sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways【答案】【答案】1.feared2.beovercome3.an4.As5.frustrated6.rose7.to8.contradictory9.that10.wascaused11.infection12.Consequently13.an14.hit15.that16.determined17.marking18.where19.deaths20.hadbeengiven21.toblame.22.It23.delivered24.Accordingly25.removed26.Through27.wasstopped28.that29.wasinfected30.which31.toget32.polluted33.boiled34.tireless35.saw36.36.Fortunately37.isconsideredTHEFATHEROFCHINA’SAEROSPACEPerhapsnootherscientisthashada1___________(great)impactonChina’saerospacescience__2___________QianXuesen.3__________(describe)bytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit""whowas___4_______(passion)andservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasan_5_________(extreme)well-respectedman__6________(bear)inHangzhouin,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.__7________,aftertheSonghuBattle_8______(break)outin1932,Qianmadethedecision9__________(switch)hismajortoaviation_10_______herealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountryQianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935__11________(pursue)hisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnologyAsagraduateassistantattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthes,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearch_____12__________rocketpropulsion,andinthes,heandseveralotherpeople____13___(found)theJetPropulsionLaborator