Unit5HumanandNature單詞adj.好奇的n.觀察；觀察結(jié)果adj.相等的；相同的n.面積；長(zhǎng)度；范圍；程度n.海浪；波濤vi.&vt.逃離；逃避vi.&vt.活下來(lái)；幸存adj.受驚的，害怕的n.爆發(fā)n.生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)vt.使震驚；使難以置信n.講座，講課；演講n.百萬(wàn)n.評(píng)論；意見(jiàn)adj.擁擠的；擠滿人的adj.活的，活著的n.旱災(zāi)，干旱adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的n.傷害，損傷，損害vt.估量，衡量；測(cè)量n.行動(dòng)，活動(dòng)；手術(shù)；操作vi.&vt.實(shí)施；進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行；指揮vi.&vt.呼吸n.&vt.努力，嘗試，企圖vt.困??；使陷于危險(xiǎn)中vt.打斷講話n.死，死亡n.喪失；死亡n.抱負(fù)，雄心；追求，夙愿n.探險(xiǎn)；探索adj.高興的，興高采烈的vt.證明；證實(shí)adj.久遠(yuǎn)的；遙遠(yuǎn)的n.探險(xiǎn)者；勘察者n.預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備adj.極地的，地極的n.基地，大本營(yíng)；基礎(chǔ)；vt.以……為基地adv.焦慮地；不安地vt.觀察；注意adj.可怕的，恐怖的adj.無(wú)害的n.獨(dú)創(chuàng)性；創(chuàng)造力n.消亡；消失短語(yǔ)擠滿了在某方面與某人匹敵對(duì)……感到震驚在某種程度上對(duì)……好奇逃脫做某事被困住試圖做某事對(duì)……置之不理，對(duì)……撒手不管對(duì)……造成破壞/損害不知所措在……邊緣；某事快要發(fā)生（尤指不好的事）吸氣用完；耗盡停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，出故障采取措施做某事熟詞生義n．洪水，水災(zāi)；大批，大量v．淹沒(méi)；(使)泛濫；(洪水般地)涌進(jìn)/出；擠滿，擁滿；使大受感動(dòng)，充滿n．講座，講課；演講v．訓(xùn)斥；講課；教導(dǎo)vi.&vt.逃離；逃避n．逃跑；逃避；泄露vi.&vt.活下來(lái)；幸存；艱難度過(guò)；比……活得長(zhǎng)n．傷害，損傷，損害，損失；損害賠償金(pl.)v．損害；毀壞vt.估量，衡量；測(cè)量n．措施；辦法；度量單位；尺度；程度linkingv．(指尺寸、長(zhǎng)短、數(shù)量等)量度為vt.實(shí)施；進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行；帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)；傳導(dǎo)vi.&vt.指揮n．行為；舉止句型1.themoment引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句ThemomentIheardthewordIbecameveryfrightened.2.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)Thefirst,thelargerthebodieswere,themorerapidlytheyfell;thesecond,betweentwoobjectsofequalextent,roundobjectsfelldownmorerapidly;andthethird,betweentwoobjectsofthesamesize,objectsshapedlikeatubefelldownmoreslowly.3.than引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句NowIhavetoldyou,andIcannotexpectyoutobelievemeanymorethanthefishermendid.4.with＋賓語(yǔ)＋補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Thatleavesthewolveswithnothingtoeat,sotheystartattackingthefarmers'animals.5.as...assb.can盡可能……地Themostimportantthingistoprotectyourselfasmuchasyoucan.6.when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Istillrememberthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.7.where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.8.why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Wedidn'tknowthereasonwhyherefusedourhelp.語(yǔ)法1.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2.英語(yǔ)詞匯中的后綴一、詞匯清單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1crowdedadj.擁擠的；擠滿人的【教材原句】Actually,thewholecityisquitecrowded.事實(shí)上，整個(gè)城市都很擁擠。(教材P28)【拓展】(1)with...dedwith...擠滿……(2)crowdn．人群；大眾；一伙；一堆vt.&vi.擠；把……塞進(jìn)(3)crowdinto涌入，大批涌入(4)crowd...out(因空間或時(shí)間不夠而)將……擠出；擠掉；排擠(5)followthecrowd跟大家一樣；隨大溜(6)acrowdof＝crowdsof一群；一堆；許多【寫作佳句】Theynoticedacrowdof/crowdsofpeopleshoutingandcheering.他們看到一大群人在喊叫歡呼?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wouldyouliketogotoatheatre________(crowd)withaudience?②Stop________(crowd)me—there'splentyofroom.③Theprevioustrain__________________________(擠滿了游客).④__________________________(一小群人)gatheredoutsidethecastle,waitingtoseetheKing.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2shockvt.使震驚，使難以置信n．震驚【教材原句】Thetwostudentswereshockedatthelectureonnature.這兩個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)關(guān)于自然的講座感到震驚。(教材P29)【拓展】(1)Itshockssb.tosee/hear...看到/聽(tīng)到……使某人震驚(2)shockvt.使震驚shockedadj.驚愕的，震驚的shockingadj.令人震驚的(3)beshockedat/by對(duì)……感到震驚beshockedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到震驚shockedlook/expression/voice震驚的表情/聲音(4)beinastateofshock處于震驚的狀態(tài)agreatshocktosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)極大的震驚(抽象名詞具體化)【寫作佳句】Itshocksyouwhensomethinglikethathappens.發(fā)生那樣的事情，你會(huì)覺(jué)得難以置信?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①____________________________(聽(tīng)到……讓我震驚)thatthehospitalwasclosingdown.②Theparents________________________(對(duì)……感到震驚)thenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.③Peoplewere________(shock)toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.The______(shock)news________(shock)allthepeoplearound,whichwasalso________shocktoherfatherwhowasworkingabroad.④Thisis________news;it________everyone,andeveryoneis________atthenews.(shock)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3overusevt.過(guò)度使用；濫用n．過(guò)度的使用【教材原句】Theylearntthatweoverusednature.他們知道我們過(guò)度利用自然。(教材P29)【拓展】(1)overuse是由前綴over-加use而成，前綴over-含有“過(guò)度”之意，所以overuse有“過(guò)度使用，濫用”的意思。類似的詞還有：overpopulation人口過(guò)多overcooked煮過(guò)頭的overweight超重的(2)over作前綴的用法:1．表示“過(guò)度；過(guò)分”。如：overwork,overcoat例句：Wedon'tliketheactorbecausewebelievehehasoveractedinthisfilm.2．表示“越過(guò)；在……之上”。如：overlook例句：Janeoverlooksallherboyfriend'sfaultsbecauseshelovehimsomuch.3．表示“顛倒；反轉(zhuǎn)”如：overthrow例句：Canyoubelievethattheywanttooverthrowthegovernment?It'stoocrazy.【寫作佳句】Whichwordsorphrasesdoyoumostoveruse?你最為常用的詞或詞組有哪些？【經(jīng)典練】完成句子①學(xué)生往往會(huì)濫用某些詞語(yǔ)。Studentstendto________certainwords.②有些科學(xué)家擔(dān)心世界人口過(guò)多。Somescientistsareconcernedabout________intheworld.③牛排做得太老了，蔬菜做得有點(diǎn)生。Thesteakisalittle________，andthevegetablesarealittleundercooked.④我不知道這個(gè)包裹是否超重。Iwonderiftheparcelis________．知識(shí)點(diǎn)4turnone'sback(onsb./sth.)對(duì)……置之不理；對(duì)……撒手不管【教材原句】Naturegothurt,feltpain,andfinallyturneditsbackonus.大自然受到傷害，感到痛苦，最終背棄了我們。(教材P29)【拓展】(1)inturn依次；輪流(2)byturns輪流(3)turninto變成(4)turnin上交(物品)(5)turndown拒絕(建議、要求等)；(把音量)調(diào)小(6)turnout(tobe)＋n./adj.結(jié)果是……(7)turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)；仔細(xì)考慮；移交(工作)；轉(zhuǎn)讓(公司)(8)turnto求助于；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向；翻到(書的某頁(yè))(9)turnup調(diào)大，開(kāi)大(熱度、音量等)；突然露面；(機(jī)會(huì)等)不期而至【寫作佳句】Sheturnedherheadaway,feelingtooashamedtomeethisgaze.因害羞而不敢和他對(duì)視，她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭去。【經(jīng)典練】完成句子/用turn短語(yǔ)填空①Howcanyou________________________(拒絕)yourownmother?②Howcouldyou________suchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths?③I'mupsetbecauseIhadmyproposal________again.④Hepromisedtobehereatoneo'clock,buthedidn't________．⑤Hegothisfirstbookpublished.It________tobeabest-seller.⑥Tomhadto________theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.⑦Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswill________soonerorlater.知識(shí)點(diǎn)5frightenedadj.受驚的；害怕的【教材原句】ThemomentIheardthewordIbecameveryfrightened.我一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)詞就非常害怕。(教材P31)【拓展】(1)befrightenedeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.不敢做某事,of（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事,todeath被嚇?biāo)?that...害怕……（跟從句）))(2)befrightenedat...對(duì)……感到恐懼(3)frightenv.使驚嚇，使驚恐eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(frightenedadj.感到害怕的,frighteningadj.令人害怕的))(4)v.-ed形容詞多用來(lái)說(shuō)明人的感覺(jué)、音容笑貌等，意為“(人)感到……的”。v.-ing形容詞多用來(lái)說(shuō)明事物給人造成的某種感覺(jué)，意為“令人……的”。eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(excited激動(dòng)的，（感到）興奮的,exciting令人激動(dòng)的/興奮的))【寫作佳句】Iamfrightenedtogooutaloneatnight.我不敢晚上一個(gè)人出去?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子/一句多譯①Asuddenstopcanbeavery________(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.②Thegraduatehadherbagrobbedandshestillsounded________(frighten).③Theywere________tohearthe________sound.(frighten)④Withnoonetoturntoinsucha________(frighten)situation,shefeltveryhelpless.⑤The________(frighten)expressionontheboy'sfaceshowedthathewasfrightened________(look)downfromthetopofthebuilding.⑥Herespectedhisfatherverymuchbutsometimeshe________________________(害怕)him.⑦這個(gè)女孩害怕在黑夜里一個(gè)人走回家。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________知識(shí)點(diǎn)6edgen．邊緣vt.慢慢移動(dòng)；側(cè)著移動(dòng)；給……鑲邊；使鋒利/開(kāi)刃【教材原句】Wewentroundandround,nearerandnearertothehorribleedgeofthewhirlpool.我們一直旋轉(zhuǎn)，越來(lái)越靠近那可怕的漩渦邊緣。(教材P31)【拓展】(1)attheedgeof...在……邊上(2)beonedge焦躁不安(3)havetheedgeon/over...比……有利(4)taketheedgeoff減弱；減輕(5)edgesth.into...側(cè)著慢慢移進(jìn)……(6)edgetoward...擠向……(7)edgein插入；慢慢進(jìn)入(8)edgeout排擠出去(9)詞語(yǔ)辨析：attheedgeofVSontheedgeofattheedgeof靠近……的邊緣attheedgeofthedesert/woods/forest在沙漠/樹林/森林邊緣ontheedgeof在……邊緣；某事快要發(fā)生(尤指不好的事)Iwasontheedgeofamentalbreakdownatthattime.那時(shí)我正處在精神崩潰的邊緣?！緦懽骷丫洹縃ehastheedgeontheotherstudentsinEnglishbecausehespentayearabroad.他在國(guó)外住過(guò)一年，所以英語(yǔ)比其他學(xué)生都強(qiáng)。【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Billysat________theedgeofthebed,readingastorybook.②Sheis________theedgeofdespair.③Thebusinessmanis________________________(瀕臨)failure.④Hestood________________________(在……邊緣上)thelakestaringintospace.⑤Althoughtheoldmanwas________________________(在死亡的邊緣上),hestillfoughtwiththediseasebravely.知識(shí)點(diǎn)7curiousadj.好奇的curiosityn.好奇；好奇心【教材原句】Afterawhile,Ibecamecuriousaboutthewhirlpoolitself.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，我對(duì)漩渦本身產(chǎn)生了好奇。(教材P31)【拓展】(1)becuriousabout...對(duì)……感到好奇(2)beecuriousabout...對(duì)……變得好奇(3)becurioustodosth.很想做某事(4)Itiscuriousthat...……真是奇怪(5)outofcuriosity出于好奇【寫作佳句】Ifaboyiscurious,heisalwaysaskingquestions.一個(gè)好奇的孩子總是要不斷地提出問(wèn)題?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子/單句寫作①Thelittleboystaredatthecreature________(curious).②Outof________(curious),Ilookedatthehouseupcloseandnoticedalightonupstairs.③Allthepeopleaboardtheplanewereworriedandthey________________________(很想知道)whathadhappened.④________________________(……真是奇怪)shehasn'tshownupsincethen.⑤Hedecidedtotravelthroughthedesertbycamel________________________(出于好奇).⑥I'm________________(對(duì)……好奇)mygrandpa'spastlife.⑦真奇怪，電腦無(wú)緣無(wú)故死機(jī)了。________________________________________________________________________知識(shí)點(diǎn)8equaladj.相等的；相同的n．同等的人；相等物v．等于；比得上；敵得過(guò)【教材原句】..thesecond,betweentwoobjectsofequalextent,roundobjectsfelldownlessrapidly....……第二，在兩個(gè)相同大小的物體之間，圓形物體下降得不太快……(教材P31)【拓展】(1)beequalin在……方面相等(2)beequalto與……相等；能勝任/應(yīng)付(3)beequaltothetask有能力承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)(4)equalopportunities/rights平等的機(jī)會(huì)/權(quán)利(5)bewithoutequal/havenoequal無(wú)與倫比，無(wú)敵(6)equaltheworldrecord平了世界紀(jì)錄(7)equalsb.insth.在某方面與某人匹配(8)詞語(yǔ)積累：equal＋-ity→equalityn.平等equal＋-ly→equallyadv.相等地；同樣地【寫作佳句】Nooneequalshiminspelling.在拼寫方面，無(wú)人能和他相比?！窘?jīng)典練】完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theyareof________________(一樣高),butIthinkJack________________(勝任)thejob.②Theyreceiveanineequal________thevalueofthegoodstheyproduce.③Idon'tthinkJimisequalto________(transport)thesevaluablegoods.④Noneofuscanequalher,either________beautyorasadancer.⑤Theislandis________(equal)attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.⑥Ithinkheisthebestpainter.Hispaintingsare________equal.知識(shí)點(diǎn)9dutyn．職責(zé)；義務(wù)；責(zé)任【教材原句】Butit'sourdutytotryourbesttoreducesufferingandthelossoflife.但我們有責(zé)任盡最大努力減少痛苦和生命的損失。(教材P102)【拓展】(1)onduty值班，上班(2)offduty下班(3)outofduty出于責(zé)任(4)It'sone'sdutytodosth.做某事是某人的責(zé)任(5)feelitone'sdutytodosth.感覺(jué)做某事是某人的責(zé)任(6)duty表示“職責(zé)”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞；表示義務(wù)時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。E.g.:Shewasashamedtoadmitthatshehadn'tdoneherduty.她羞愧地承認(rèn)她沒(méi)有盡到自己的義務(wù)。【寫作佳句】Doyourowndutyfirstofall.首先要盡自己的義務(wù)?！窘?jīng)典練】完成句子①____________________________(是我們的責(zé)任)todefendourcountry.②____________________________(出于責(zé)任),thedevelopmentconsultantblamedthefactoryleadersforthepollutiontheyhadcaused.③Onlyonedoctoris________________________(值班)today—theotherdoctorisoff.④I____________________________________(感覺(jué)是我們的職責(zé))tostudyEnglishwell.知識(shí)點(diǎn)10runout(of)用完；耗盡【教材原句】Well,I'dlovetoknowmore,but,unfortunately,we'verunoutoftime.好吧，我很想知道更多，但是，不幸的是，我們已經(jīng)沒(méi)有時(shí)間了。(教材P103)【拓展】(1)短語(yǔ)辨析：runoutofVSrunoutrunoutof為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可接賓語(yǔ)，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其主語(yǔ)為人；runout為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能接賓語(yǔ)，也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其主語(yǔ)為物。runout(of)用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“將要用完”。Hermoneyhasrunoutandsheisalsorunningoutofpatience.她的錢已經(jīng)用完了，她的耐心也快耗盡了。(2)ranacross偶然遇到(3)runafter追趕(4)runaway突然離開(kāi)；逃離(5)runover撞倒，撞翻【寫作佳句】Whenthethiefranacrossapoliceman,heranaway.當(dāng)小偷看到警察的時(shí)候，他立刻逃走了?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①—I'mstillworkingonmyproject.—Oh,you'llmissthedeadline.Timeis________(run)out.②Ourmoneyhadbeenrunout________.Whatwasmore,ourcarbrokedownjustinthenorthofParis.③Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea____________________(要用光了).Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.④SomuchofinterestdoesBeijingofferthatmostvisitorssimply________________________(用光時(shí)間)beforeseeingitall.⑤Bequick,please.I'm________________________(要用完)patience.知識(shí)點(diǎn)11basen．基地，大本營(yíng)；基礎(chǔ)vt.以……為基地【教材原句】Duringthepolarsummerof1910—1911,bothteamsorganisedfoodbasesinpreparationfortheirjourneysthenextyear.在1910—1911年的極地夏季，兩隊(duì)人都為下一年的探險(xiǎn)做了食物儲(chǔ)備。(教材P36)【拓展】(1)basicadj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的；初級(jí)的；必需的→basicallyadv.基本上；從根本上說(shuō)(2)atthebaseof...在……底部(3)anairbase空軍基地(4)haveabroadbaseofthemasses有廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ)(5)base...on/upon...＝bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)(6)baseone'sopinionsonfacts以事實(shí)為依據(jù)發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)(7)bebasedonfacts以事實(shí)為依據(jù)【寫作佳句】Youshouldbaseyourconclusionon/uponcarefulresearch.你應(yīng)該以審慎的研究為基礎(chǔ)而下結(jié)論?！窘?jīng)典練】完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①我們?cè)谏侥_下露營(yíng)。Wecamped________________________themountain.②這個(gè)故事是基于歷史事實(shí)創(chuàng)作的。Thestory____________________historicalfacts.③我們的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該以事實(shí)為依據(jù)。Weshould________________________________．④Theysettleddown________thebaseofthemountain.⑤Theresearchgroupproducedtworeports________(base)onthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.⑥________(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.⑦He________(basic)justsitsthereanddoesnothingallday.知識(shí)點(diǎn)12anxiouslyadv.焦慮地；不安地anxiousadj.憂患的，擔(dān)心的，渴望的【教材原句】ScottandAmundsenwaitedanxiouslyforspring.斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到來(lái)。(教材P36)【拓展】(1)waitanxiouslyfor焦急地等待……(2)lookanxiouslyat憂慮地看著……(3)beanxiousaboutsth.為……擔(dān)心(4)beanxiousthat...擔(dān)心……(5)beanxiousfor渴望得到……/為某人擔(dān)心(6)beanxioustodosth.渴望/急于做某事【寫作佳句】Shewasanxioustofinishschoolandgetajob.她渴望畢業(yè)找份工作。【經(jīng)典練】完成句子/單句語(yǔ)法填空①I________________________(急盼)yourreplytomyemail.②Tom________________________(擔(dān)憂地望著)hertoseeifshewasupset,butsheremainedcalm.③Studentsarewaiting________(anxious)fortheresultofthefinalexam.④Sheisanxious________notpassingthecollegeentranceexamination.⑤Thoseanxious________reformsaythatthepresentsystemistoonarrow.⑥Shewasanxious________(finish)schoolandgetajob.知識(shí)點(diǎn)13provevt.證明；證實(shí)【教材原句】Later,theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthedistantpast,thecontinentofAntarcticawascoveredbyplants.后來(lái)，這些巖石證明，在遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去，南極洲大陸曾一度被植物覆蓋。(教材P37)【拓展】(1)provesth.tosb.向某人證明某事(2)proveoneself(tobe)...證明自己是……(3)prove(tobe)＋n./adj.原來(lái)是；證明是(4)Itisprovedthat...據(jù)證明……(5)prove作“證明是；結(jié)果是；事實(shí)說(shuō)明”解時(shí)，用作連系動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？捎糜谝韵戮湫停簆rove＋形容詞prove＋名詞prove＋介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞prove＋動(dòng)詞不定式【寫作佳句】Itisprovedthatthismethodiseffective.據(jù)證明這種方法是行之有效的?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Sheproved________(her)tobeanablesecretary.②By1914Einstein'stheoryproved________(be)correct.③Ithasbeenprovedagainandagain________whatissaidintheadsgreatlyaffectspeople'simpressionoftheproducts.④Canyouproveyourtheory________us？知識(shí)點(diǎn)14variedadj.各種各樣的，形形色色的；富有變化的varyvi.變化；（大小、形狀等）相異；不同（differ）vt.改變【教材原句】NewZealandhasavariedclimatethatchangesalotfromplacetoplace.新西蘭氣候多樣，各地氣候差異很大。(教材P43)【拓展】(1)varyv．變化，相異→variedadj.→varietyn．多樣→variousadj.各種各樣的eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(avarietyof＋名詞/代詞,varietiesof＋名詞/代詞))各種各樣的/種類繁多的……(2)avarieddiet豐富多樣的飲食(3)variedneedsof...不同的需求(4)varyfrom...to...……與……不同；在……到……之間變化【寫作佳句】InChina,shelivedavariedlifeandexperiencedvariedtypesofhappiness.在中國(guó)，她過(guò)著豐富多彩的生活，體驗(yàn)著各種各樣的幸福?！窘?jīng)典練】完成句子①Thediningroomoffersusstudents____________________(豐富多樣的飲食).②Agoodteacherisawareoftheextremely____________________(……不同的需求)eachstudent.③ThenewspaperChinaDailysuppliesuswith____________________(各種各樣的)newseveryday.④Heplanted________________(各種各樣的)flowersinthegarden.知識(shí)點(diǎn)15harmlessadj.無(wú)害的harmn．害，傷害，危害vt.對(duì)……有害；傷害harmfuladj.有害的【教材原句】Itlookslikeabig,scarygrasshopper,butitisactuallyharmless.它看起來(lái)像一只可怕的大蚱蜢，但實(shí)際上是無(wú)害的。(教材P43)【拓展】(1)doharmtosb./sth.＝dosb./sth.harm＝beharmfultosb./sth.對(duì)……有害(2)beharmlesstosb./sth.對(duì)……無(wú)害(3)與harm類似的單詞：care→careful(小心的)→careless(粗心的)→carelessness(n.粗心)hope→hopeful(有希望的)→hopeless(沒(méi)有希望的)→hopelessness(n.絕望)help→helpful(有幫助的)→helpless(無(wú)助的)→helplessness(n.無(wú)能為力)【寫作佳句】Readingindimlightdoesharmtooureyes.＝Readingindimlightisharmfultooureyes.在昏暗的光線下閱讀傷害眼睛?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Thedrugcontainssomething________(harm),anditmaydoharm________thehumanbody.Ifyoutakeasmallamountofit,itwillbe________(harm).②Thisexperimentwas________(harm)totheanimals,soyouneedn'tworry.③Smokingis________(harm)toyourhealth,soyoushouldgiveituporatleastcutdownonit.④Running____________________(對(duì)……無(wú)害)yourchildren.Instead,itwillbuildthemup.⑤Manylifestyles______________________(對(duì)……有害)healthnowadays.⑥Wetriedtostoptheflamesfromspreading,butweknew________________________________(那是沒(méi)有希望的).知識(shí)點(diǎn)16behometo（＝bethehomeof...）是……的產(chǎn)地/棲息地/發(fā)源地【教材原句】NewZealandishometo4.7millionpeople,31millionsheepand10millioncows.新西蘭是470萬(wàn)人民，3100萬(wàn)綿羊和1000萬(wàn)奶牛的家園。(教材P43)【拓展】(1)beahomefor...對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)，是一個(gè)家、故鄉(xiāng)、棲息地。如：Thisplaceisanidealhomeformanyanimals.這個(gè)地方對(duì)于許多動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)理想的棲息地。(2)athomeandabroad國(guó)內(nèi)外(3)feelathome感覺(jué)舒適，不拘束(4)makeoneselfathome別客氣，別拘束(5)behomefor...回家做……如：Hewillbehomefordinner.他要回家吃晚飯。【寫作佳句】Changbaishanishometoagreatdiversityofplantsandanimals.長(zhǎng)白山是多種多樣動(dòng)植物的生長(zhǎng)地?！窘?jīng)典練】完成句子①Thewetlands________________________(是……的棲息地)alargevarietyofwildlife.②Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthat________________________(是……的棲息地)animalsbothonlandandsea?③Ibeganto________________________(無(wú)拘無(wú)束)inthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.④Wewilldoourbesttoprovideyouwithgoodservices,and________________________(讓你們感覺(jué)像在家里一樣).知識(shí)點(diǎn)17protect...from/against...保護(hù)……不受……（危害）【教材原句】Ifyouarenearobjectsthatcanfall,findasheltertoprotectyourselffromthem.如果你離可能墜落的物體很近，找個(gè)地方躲避它們。(教材P41)【拓展】(1)“阻止……做某事”常見(jiàn)表達(dá)法：keep...fromdoingsth.;stop...(from)doingsth.;prevent...(from)doingsth.(2)注意：keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不能省略，因?yàn)槿绻÷?，意思?huì)發(fā)生變化：keep...doingsth.使……一直做某事。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，keep/stop/prevent...fromdoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中的from都不能省略?！緦懽骷丫洹縒eshouldtakesomemeasurestoprotecttradewithforeigners.我們應(yīng)采取一些措施來(lái)保護(hù)對(duì)外貿(mào)易?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Theysetupawildlifereservetoprotectanimalsfrom________(hunt).②Whatcanwedotopreventtheseanimals(from)________(die)out?③Asyouknow,itismydutyto______myyoungersisters______(保護(hù)……免受)beinghurtwhentheyareindanger.④You'dbetterwearapairofsunglasses__________________(以保護(hù)眼睛免受傷害).⑤We________________________(被阻止出去)bytheheavyrain.二、語(yǔ)法清單一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句【感知·語(yǔ)法規(guī)律】①Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.②AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.③Doyouknowthereasonwhyhehasbeenlate?【精講·語(yǔ)法知識(shí)】關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)：when,where和why，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)。上述三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞很多情況下都可以用介詞＋關(guān)系代詞來(lái)替換。where＝in/at/to＋which;when＝in/on/at＋which;why＝for＋which。1．when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Istillrememberthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.我仍然記得我們第一次相遇的那一天。ItwasanexcitingmomentfortheSpanishfans,whenforthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.對(duì)于西班牙球迷來(lái)說(shuō)，那是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樵谀且豢?，他們的球?duì)第一次贏得了世界杯。[注意]先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，如：time,day,year,month,moment,week,hour,minute等，when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。【經(jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Icanneverforgettheday________Ifirstsawyou.②Hecameatthetime________weneededhimmost.③I'llneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.④Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlife________theyaren'tsatisfiedwiththeirparents.⑤Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.2．where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了兒時(shí)成長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。Sheisteachingattheuniversitywherehermotheroncestudied.她在母親曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的大學(xué)執(zhí)教。[注意]先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place,factory,farm,station,town,meeting-room等，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Todaywe'lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(先行詞是cases)今天，我們將討論一些英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者對(duì)英語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)?shù)睦?。Hewantstofindajobwherehisskillscanbeputtogooduse.(先行詞是job)他想找一份能將他的技能派上用場(chǎng)的工作。[注意]當(dāng)先行詞表示抽象的地點(diǎn)或帶有地點(diǎn)的意味且在從句中充當(dāng)類似于地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的作用時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用where引導(dǎo)?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theaccidenthasreachedtothepoint________boththeirparentsaretobecalledin.②Youwouldgetintoasituation________youhavetodecideimmediately.③Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach________wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.④Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.3．why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Wedidn'tknowthereasonwhyherefusedourhelp.我們不知道他拒絕我們幫助的原因。Themothercan'tacceptthereasonthat/whichthesongivesforhisabsencefromschool.這位母親不能接受兒子為沒(méi)上學(xué)給出的理由。[注意]先行詞是reason時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞需根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少狀語(yǔ)，用why；如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that/which?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語(yǔ)法填空①Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasons________they'renotdoingwell.②Idon'tbelievethereason________hegavemeforhisbeinglate.③Thatwasthereason________hegaveforhisabsence.④Doyouknowthereason________hedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?二、后綴當(dāng)我們的單詞積累到一定詞匯量的時(shí)候，通過(guò)前綴后綴的對(duì)比可以幫助我們理解記憶這些單詞，比如通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法產(chǎn)生的新單詞可以幫助背誦基本的單詞，從而避免一些記了新單詞而忘記老單詞的情況。eq\x(后綴)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(名詞后綴（-er/-or，-ese，etc.）,動(dòng)詞后綴（-en，-fy，etc.）,形容詞后綴（-al，-able，etc.）,副詞后綴[-ly，-word（s）],數(shù)詞后綴（-teen，-th，-ty）))【感知·語(yǔ)法規(guī)律】體會(huì)后綴的用法reader讀者inventor發(fā)明家Chinese中國(guó)人Indian印度人artist藝術(shù)家kindness和藹operation手術(shù)這些單詞是在各自的詞根后加了不同的后綴，如-er,-or,-ese,-ian等?！揪v·語(yǔ)法知識(shí)】有些英語(yǔ)單詞由三部分組成，即：前綴、詞根及后綴。單詞中位于詞根前面的部分就是前綴，位于詞根后面的部分就是后綴。如：unacceptable中un是前綴，accept是詞根，able是后綴。后綴詞是指在一個(gè)詞根的后面附加一個(gè)或幾個(gè)字母構(gòu)成的一個(gè)新詞。如：snowy中y就是后綴。通常，后綴改變單詞的詞性，不改變?cè)~根的含義。常見(jiàn)的后綴見(jiàn)下表：分類舉例名詞后綴-er/-or(從事……的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(……的人)，-ist(專業(yè)人員)，-ism(主義)，-ment(性質(zhì)；狀態(tài))，-ness(性質(zhì))，-tion/-ation(動(dòng)作；過(guò)程)，-dom(狀態(tài)；區(qū)域)動(dòng)詞后綴-en(多用于形容詞之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成為)形容詞后綴-al，-able，-an，-ble，-ern，-ful，-ive，-less，-like，-ly，-y，-ous，-some副詞后綴-ly(用于形容詞后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(表示方向)數(shù)詞后綴-teen，-th，-ty【經(jīng)典練】1．畫出下列單詞的名詞后綴①teacher教師②Japanese日本人③musician音樂(lè)家④artist藝術(shù)家2．畫出下列單詞的動(dòng)詞后綴①widen加寬②beautify美化3．畫出下列單詞的形容詞后綴①American美國(guó)的②careful細(xì)心的③active有活力的4．畫出下列單詞的副詞后綴①quickly迅速地②angrily生氣地5．畫出下列單詞的數(shù)詞后綴①thirteen十三②fourth第四三、寫作清單【點(diǎn)撥·寫作技巧】地震安全建議地震安全建議類文稿（如安全手冊(cè)、宣講文案等），面向大眾（普通居民、學(xué)生等），核心是清晰傳遞地震避險(xiǎn)知識(shí)，讓受眾快速理解、掌握。語(yǔ)言需準(zhǔn)確易懂、邏輯清晰，像給家人、同學(xué)講安全要點(diǎn)一樣親切實(shí)用，同時(shí)要把專業(yè)避險(xiǎn)知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為日常可操作的行動(dòng)指南?！痉e累·寫作素材】一、點(diǎn)明主題（OpeningtheTopic）Earthquakesareunpredictablenaturaldisasters,soit’scrucialtoknowhowtoprotectyourself.地震是不可預(yù)測(cè)的自然災(zāi)害，因此知曉如何保護(hù)自己至關(guān)重要。Thisguideaimstoofferyoupracticalsafetytipsforearthquakes.本指南旨在為你提供實(shí)用的地震安全建議。Tostaysafeduringanearthquake,herearesomekeyremendations.為在地震中確保安全，以下是一些關(guān)鍵建議。二、地震發(fā)生時(shí)的做法（ActionsDuringanEarthquake）室內(nèi)（Indoors）Ifyou’reinsideabuilding,quicklytakecoverunderasturdydeskortable.若在建筑物內(nèi)，迅速躲到堅(jiān)固的書桌或桌子下方。Stayawayfromwindows,glasswalls,andheavyfurniturethatmighttoppleover.遠(yuǎn)離窗戶、玻璃墻以及可能傾倒的重型家具。Crouchdown,keepyourheadlow,andcoveryourneckandheadwithyourarms.蹲下，低頭，用手臂護(hù)住頸部和頭部。室外（Outdoors）Whenoutside,movetoanopenareaawayfrombuildings,trees,andpowerlinesimmediately.若在室外，立即轉(zhuǎn)移到遠(yuǎn)離建筑物、樹木和電線的開(kāi)闊地帶。Avoidstandingnearstructureslikewallsorfencesthatcouldcollapse.切勿站在可能坍塌的圍墻、柵欄等建筑旁。三、地震后注意事項(xiàng)（AfteranEarthquake）Checkforinjuriesandprovidefirstaidifnecessary.檢查是否有人員受傷，如有需要進(jìn)行急救。Becautiousofaftershocksandstayawayfromdamagedbuildings.警惕余震，遠(yuǎn)離受損建筑物。Listentotheradioorfollowofficialannouncementsforupdatesandi