2025年新高一英語(yǔ)暑假提升精品講義（人教版2019）專題15Unit4NaturalDisasters核心單詞、短語(yǔ)、亮句精講+名校新真題精練內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和重難點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺牛刀小試：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練，能力提升高頻考點(diǎn)：模擬新題+提升專練，全面突破一、考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)（一）Unit4NaturalDisasters核心單詞考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)（二）Unit4NaturalDisasters重點(diǎn)詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化總結(jié)考點(diǎn)（三）Unit4NaturalDisasters語(yǔ)法解析考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)（四）Unit4NaturalDisasters書面表達(dá)精講考點(diǎn)（五）Unit4NaturalDisasters牛刀小試考點(diǎn)（六）Unit4NaturalDisasters鞏固提升考點(diǎn)（七）Unit4NaturalDisasters模擬精練重點(diǎn)速記考點(diǎn)（一） Unit4NaturalDisasters重點(diǎn)詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化總結(jié)核心單詞及短語(yǔ)核心單詞1、ruinn.&v.破壞;毀壞2、electricityn.電;電能3、disastern.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害4、trapv.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境;陷阱5、emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況6、aidn.援助;幫助;救援物資v.幫助;援助7、buryv.埋葬;安葬8、effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力9、wisdomn.智慧;才智10、damagev.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失11、destroyv.摧毀;毀滅12、affectv.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)13、sheltern.避難處;居所;庇護(hù)v.保護(hù);掩蔽;躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))14、supplyn.供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給;[pl.]補(bǔ)給品v.供應(yīng);供給（二）高頻短語(yǔ)beexpectedtodo被期望;應(yīng)該volcaniceruption火山爆發(fā)referto指的是riseandfall起落;興衰;起伏refusetodo拒絕做某事asusual像往常一樣asif好像cometoanend結(jié)束;終止causedamageto對(duì)…造成傷害cutacross抄近路穿過(guò)；徑直穿過(guò)lieinruins成為廢墟；破敗不堪blowaway吹走;刮走;使大為驚訝beinshock=beshocked處于震驚中g(shù)othrough經(jīng)歷;仔細(xì)檢查;穿過(guò);做完;用光falldown跌倒;倒塌onhand在手邊;現(xiàn)有;在場(chǎng)rescuesb.fromsth.把某人從…中營(yíng)救出來(lái)burythedead埋葬死者providemedicalcare提供醫(yī)療護(hù)理提供某人某物：providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.todosb.offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出干某事getbackonone’sfeet站起來(lái);重新振作起來(lái)intimesof在…的時(shí)候intheeventof倘若;萬(wàn)一;如果…發(fā)生tirelesseffort不懈的努力makeanefforttodo努力做某事putupshelters搭建避難所sheltersb.from保護(hù)某人免受…trapsb.intodoingsth.誘騙某人做某事intheopenair在戶外taketurnstodo輪流做;依次做crashinto撞上;猛撞sweepaway掃去;清除;消滅offthecoastof在…的沿海;在…海岸附近onthecoastof在…海岸上atleast至少thenumberof……的數(shù)字beaffectedby被…影響deliverfoodandsupplies運(yùn)送食物和物資sufferfrom遭受;患…病;因…而受苦keep/staycalm保持冷靜passonwisdom傳遞智慧afloodof大量cover…with…用…覆蓋…getinjured受傷firstaidkit急救箱考點(diǎn)（二）Unit4NaturalDisasters重點(diǎn)詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化總結(jié)1.disastern.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害→disastrousadj.災(zāi)難性的2.dryadj.干旱的→droughtn.旱災(zāi)→droughtproofadj.抗旱的3.rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救;救援→rescuern.救援者→rescueen.被救援者4.damagevt.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失→damages(復(fù)數(shù))n.賠償金→damagingadj.有破壞性的5.destroyv.摧毀;毀滅→destructionn.破壞;毀滅→destructiveadj.破壞(性)的6.deathn.死亡→diev.死亡→dyingadj.垂死的→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的7.affectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)→affectedadj.受到影響的→affectionn.喜愛→effectn.影響→effectiveadj.有效的8.percentn.百分之…adj./adv.每一百中→percentagen.百分比;比例9.shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚→shockedadj.感到震驚的→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockinglyadv.令人震驚地;非常地(強(qiáng)調(diào)不好)→shockproofadj.防電擊的electricityn.電;電能→electricadj.帶電的;用電的→electricaladj.電氣(學(xué))的;電相關(guān)的11.breathe

vi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathless

adj.氣喘吁吁的12.revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒→revivaln.振興;復(fù)蘇13.effortn.努力→effortlessadj.不費(fèi)力的;輕松的→effortlesslyadv.不費(fèi)力地14.wiseadj.明智的→unwiseadj.不明智的→wisdomn.智慧;才智15.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病/痛苦/悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn.受難;苦楚→sufferern.患難者;患病者16.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→eruptionn.噴發(fā)17.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)→survivaln.幸存;生還→survivorn.幸存者;生還者18.powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的→powerlessadj.無(wú)力的19.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況→emergentadj.緊急的20.delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表;分娩→deliveryn.投遞;送交21.summaryn.總結(jié);概要→summarizev.總結(jié)22.longadj.長(zhǎng)的→lengthn.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→lengthenv.(使)變長(zhǎng)考點(diǎn)（三）Unit4NaturalDisasters語(yǔ)法解析考點(diǎn)梳理（一）定語(yǔ)從句的概念(1)定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾_______的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫作_______。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)兩類。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。（二）關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修飾人、物，做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))which(修飾物，做主語(yǔ))（1）Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.（2）Thebuilding_______standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)）whom（做賓語(yǔ)，跟在介詞后）whose(做定語(yǔ))Thestudent________isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman________Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_________youtalkedaboutonthebus.考點(diǎn)（四） Unit4NaturalDisasters書面表達(dá)精講本單元寫作:概要寫作概要寫作是一種閱讀和寫作要求并重的新題型,有準(zhǔn)確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性、個(gè)體性等特點(diǎn)。概要寫作提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求閱讀原文后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語(yǔ)句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、語(yǔ)意連貫、不得抄寫原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。1、寫作步驟第一步:歸納主旨大意(含段落大意)概要寫作的第一步便是閱讀并抓取主題,進(jìn)而提取主旨大意,即有關(guān)該主題的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該主題上的觀點(diǎn)。閱讀語(yǔ)篇時(shí),根據(jù)文章不同的文體可采取以下方法:（1）記敘文：圈出記敘文的六要素(who、when、where、what、how、why),如果是夾敘夾議文,還要寫出故事給讀者帶來(lái)的啟示或寓意（2）說(shuō)明文：找出文章要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、觀點(diǎn)或建議（3）議論文： 提取議論文的三要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證)第二步:提煉關(guān)鍵詞1、結(jié)合主旨大意,細(xì)讀段落,找出每個(gè)段落的主旨句和關(guān)鍵詞,區(qū)別段落中哪些是mainideas,哪些是supportingideas、examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相對(duì)重要的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵句是概要寫作最重要的內(nèi)容和依據(jù)。2、消減事例,盡量減少事實(shí)并省略細(xì)節(jié)。第三步:合并和改寫1.合并信息首先需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類、整合,找到信息之間的聯(lián)系,再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級(jí)的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果聯(lián)系緊密,且沒(méi)有支持的細(xì)節(jié)信息,可以考慮合并。2.在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的改寫,對(duì)原文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的改變(改詞、換句型)。第四步:核查成文核查文章句子的連貫性,優(yōu)先考慮使用連接詞(but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however);核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法;核查詞數(shù)。2、常用語(yǔ)句1.表示文章的內(nèi)容以及研究目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...),theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart,theauthorargues/mentions/states/pointsout(that)...2.表示研究的結(jié)論Theresultshowsthat...Theauthorfindsthat...Itisconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion,theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally,theauthorsummarizesthat...3.表示觀點(diǎn)或建議Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned...Intheauthor'sview...考點(diǎn)（五） Unit4NaturalDisasters牛刀小試一、識(shí)記單詞1._________n.&v.破壞;毀壞2._________n.電;電能3._________n.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害4._________v.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境;陷阱5._________n.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況6._________n.援助;幫助;救援物資v.幫助;援助7._________v.埋葬;安葬8._________n.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力9._________n.智慧;才智10._________v.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失11._________v.摧毀;毀滅12._________v.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)13._________n.避難處;居所;庇護(hù)v.保護(hù);掩蔽;躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))14._________n.供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給;[pl.]補(bǔ)給品v.供應(yīng);供給二、拓展單詞1._________n.死;死亡→_________adj.無(wú)生命的→_________v.死亡;消亡;滅亡2._________n.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克v.(使)震驚→_________adj.令人震驚的→_________adj.感到震驚的3._________v.呼吸→_________n.呼吸的空氣→_________adj.喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的4._________v.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒→_________n.振興;復(fù)蘇5._________v.遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→_________n.折磨;苦難6._________v.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→_________n.火山爆發(fā);(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā)7._________n.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量v.驅(qū)動(dòng);快速前進(jìn)→_________adj.威力強(qiáng)大的;強(qiáng)有力的→_________adj.無(wú)力的;無(wú)影響力的8._________n.影響;結(jié)果;效果→_________adj.有效的;生效的9._________n.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→_________adj.長(zhǎng)的→_________v.(使)延長(zhǎng);(使)變長(zhǎng)→_________adj.漫長(zhǎng)的;冗長(zhǎng)的三、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.______________對(duì)……造成損壞2.______________消滅;徹底消除3.______________震驚;吃驚4.______________保持冷靜5.______________像往常一樣6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛7.______________嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪8.______________露天;在戶外9.______________現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)10.______________處境危險(xiǎn)考點(diǎn)（七） Unit3SportsandFitness鞏固提升自然災(zāi)害種類：disaster________tornado______干旱__________landslide________tsunami_________洪水_______地震__________volcaniceruption________臺(tái)風(fēng)__________hurricane___________災(zāi)害描述：magnitude_________slide__________波浪______damage_________→_________adj.襲擊___________destroy→_________adj.→_________n.tap________evacuate______affect→___________adj.→____________n.爆發(fā)___________裂痕_______氣體_____好像______成為廢墟_______使陷于，陷阱_________bury_______撞擊________sweepaway_______災(zāi)難中的人及其描述：survive_________→__________n.呼吸____________shock→________adj.震驚__________revive_______→________n.遭受______wisdom__________平靜的____________救援設(shè)施：helicopter___________庇護(hù)所_________kitbag________急救___________electricity________哨子____________救援工作：努力____________emergencyaid____________onhand____________deliver_____→__________n.營(yíng)救__________生活必需品__________n.重點(diǎn)詞組似乎/好像_____________beshockedtodosth.________________陷入...中________________buryoneselfin________________深呼吸________________makeanefforttodosth.-考點(diǎn)（八） Unit3SportsandFitness模擬精練Unit4語(yǔ)法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(課文語(yǔ)法填空)SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Theywere1.________(sign)foranearthquake.Butpeople2._______livedtheredidn'tthinkmuchofthat.At3:42amthatday,theearthbegan3._______(shake),whichdestroyedalmostallthecityinlessthanoneminute.Manypeople,4._______(include)rescueworkersanddoctors,came5._______(rescue)thosewhoweretrappedunderthe6._______(ruin).Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakehitthecity.Morepeoplewerekilledorinjuredandmorebuildingsfell7._______.Verysoonthearmysentalotofsoldierstohelp,andteamswereorganisedtodigoutthetrappedandtobury8._______dead.Byandbythingsimprovedandthecitybegantobreatheagain.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe9._______(tire)effortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshan10._______(build)upontheearthquakeruins.答案：二、（單元語(yǔ)法填空）Myfatherworksinahospital1._____isveryfamousinourcity.Mymotherteachesmathsintheschool2.______Istudyin.ShelikeswatchingTVplays3.______leadingactorsareveryfamous.Iamaboy4.______likesplayingbasketball.Ihaveseveralgoodfriends5.______Ioftenplaybasketballwith.Oneday,Iwentouttothecitystadiumtoplaybasketballwithseveralofmyfriends,6.______homesarenotfarfrommine.However,aterriblematteroccurredwhenwewereplayinghappily,7.______madeoneofmylegshurt.Fortunately,thestadiumwherewewereplayingisnotfarfromaclinic,soIwastreatedbyadoctor8.______isskilled.Later,Iwassenthomebymyfriends,9.______helpmakesmethankful.Fromthiscase,IknowthatthemoreattentionIpay,thelesspainIwillget,10.______isreallyalivelesson.三、（拓展語(yǔ)法填空）EarthquakesAroundthePacificTheworld1.______(strike)byalargenumberofearthquakeseveryday,about5millioninayear.Chinaissituatedinoneofthemostactiveearthquakeregionsintheworldandtherehavebeenmanyterribleearthquakes.Themostserious2.______theseoccurredinHuaCounty,ShaanxiProvincein1556.TheearthquakeaffectedseveralprovincesincentralChina.Insomecommunities,60percentofthepopulationwerekilled.3.______(total),830,000peoplelosttheirlives.TheCaliforniaearthquakeofApril18,1906istheworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Ittookplaceataround5:12am,4.______lastedforonlyaminute.However,itcausedtheworst5.______(nature)disasterinthenation'shistory.FirescausedbytheCaliforniaearthquake6.______(do)themostdamage.Thefiresburnedforthreedays7.______(destroy)lotsofbuildings.Over700peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoandmanyweremadehomeless.InthewholeofCalifornia,theearthquakeandfirescausedabout3,0008.______(death).______1906earthquakewascausedbyamovementontheSanAndreasFault.Onehundredyearslater,movementsontheSanAndreasFaultcontinue10.______(cause)problemsforthewholeofCalifornia.四、（拓展語(yǔ)法填空）Earthquakesaresomethingthatpeoplefear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakes.Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethem1.______(regular).Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusuallyquite2.______(mountain).Theearthquakewhich3.______(talk)aboutmostintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Manypeople4.______(die)init.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheones5.______killthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakesever6.______(record)wasfeltinPortugal.Morethan60,000peopledied.In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,theYokohamaareaofJapan.1007.______(thousand)peopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain1976.Itkilled8.______largenumberofpeople.TheworstearthquakeeverrecordedwasalsoinChina.Thisearthquakehappenedin2008.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhenthey9.______(come).Peoplecannotprepare10.______them.(寫作語(yǔ)法填空)Overthepastfewyears,therehavebeen1.______（vary）naturaldisasters,suchasearthquakes,sandstorms,forestfires,hurricanes,floodsandsoforth,occurringworldwide,2.______havekilledmillionsofpeopleanddestroyedcountlesshomes.Thereareseveralreasons3.______(contribute)tothesefrequentdisasters.Tobeginwith,sooverpopulatedistheearth4.______peoplehavebeenoverexploitingnaturalresources.Inaddition,withforestscutdown,grassesdugup,5.______lakesturnedintofields,notonlyhastheecosystembeen6.______(serious)damaged,buttheenvironmenthasbeenbadlypolluted.Itisourjoint7.______(effort)thatcanmakeadifference.Therefore,Istronglyadviseeveryone8.______(become)awareoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandtakeimmediate9.______(act),rangingfromsavingwater,takingpublictransport,plantingtrees10.______recyclingwaste.2025年新高一英語(yǔ)暑假提升精品講義（人教版2019）專題15Unit4NaturalDisasters核心單詞、短語(yǔ)、亮句精講+名校新真題精練內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和重難點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺牛刀小試：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練，能力提升高頻考點(diǎn)：模擬新題+提升專練，全面突破一、考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)（一）Unit4NaturalDisasters核心單詞考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)（二）Unit4NaturalDisasters重點(diǎn)詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化總結(jié)考點(diǎn)（三）Unit4NaturalDisasters語(yǔ)法解析考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)（四）Unit4NaturalDisasters書面表達(dá)精講考點(diǎn)（五）Unit4NaturalDisasters牛刀小試考點(diǎn)（六）Unit4NaturalDisasters鞏固提升考點(diǎn)（七）Unit4NaturalDisasters模擬精練重點(diǎn)速記考點(diǎn)（一） Unit4NaturalDisasters重點(diǎn)詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化總結(jié)核心單詞及短語(yǔ)核心單詞1、ruinn.&v.破壞;毀壞2、electricityn.電;電能3、disastern.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害4、trapv.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境;陷阱5、emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況6、aidn.援助;幫助;救援物資v.幫助;援助7、buryv.埋葬;安葬8、effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力9、wisdomn.智慧;才智10、damagev.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失11、destroyv.摧毀;毀滅12、affectv.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)13、sheltern.避難處;居所;庇護(hù)v.保護(hù);掩蔽;躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))14、supplyn.供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給;[pl.]補(bǔ)給品v.供應(yīng);供給（二）高頻短語(yǔ)beexpectedtodo被期望;應(yīng)該volcaniceruption火山爆發(fā)referto指的是riseandfall起落;興衰;起伏refusetodo拒絕做某事asusual像往常一樣asif好像cometoanend結(jié)束;終止causedamageto對(duì)…造成傷害cutacross抄近路穿過(guò)；徑直穿過(guò)lieinruins成為廢墟；破敗不堪blowaway吹走;刮走;使大為驚訝beinshock=beshocked處于震驚中g(shù)othrough經(jīng)歷;仔細(xì)檢查;穿過(guò);做完;用光falldown跌倒;倒塌onhand在手邊;現(xiàn)有;在場(chǎng)rescuesb.fromsth.把某人從…中營(yíng)救出來(lái)burythedead埋葬死者providemedicalcare提供醫(yī)療護(hù)理提供某人某物：providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.todosb.offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出干某事getbackonone’sfeet站起來(lái);重新振作起來(lái)intimesof在…的時(shí)候intheeventof倘若;萬(wàn)一;如果…發(fā)生tirelesseffort不懈的努力makeanefforttodo努力做某事putupshelters搭建避難所sheltersb.from保護(hù)某人免受…trapsb.intodoingsth.誘騙某人做某事intheopenair在戶外taketurnstodo輪流做;依次做crashinto撞上;猛撞sweepaway掃去;清除;消滅offthecoastof在…的沿海;在…海岸附近onthecoastof在…海岸上atleast至少thenumberof……的數(shù)字beaffectedby被…影響deliverfoodandsupplies運(yùn)送食物和物資sufferfrom遭受;患…病;因…而受苦keep/staycalm保持冷靜passonwisdom傳遞智慧afloodof大量cover…with…用…覆蓋…getinjured受傷firstaidkit急救箱考點(diǎn)（二）Unit4NaturalDisasters重點(diǎn)詞匯轉(zhuǎn)化總結(jié)1.disastern.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害→disastrousadj.災(zāi)難性的2.dryadj.干旱的→droughtn.旱災(zāi)→droughtproofadj.抗旱的3.rescuen.&vt.營(yíng)救;救援→rescuern.救援者→rescueen.被救援者4.damagevt.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失→damages(復(fù)數(shù))n.賠償金→damagingadj.有破壞性的5.destroyv.摧毀;毀滅→destructionn.破壞;毀滅→destructiveadj.破壞(性)的6.deathn.死亡→diev.死亡→dyingadj.垂死的→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的7.affectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)→affectedadj.受到影響的→affectionn.喜愛→effectn.影響→effectiveadj.有效的8.percentn.百分之…adj./adv.每一百中→percentagen.百分比;比例9.shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚→shockedadj.感到震驚的→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockinglyadv.令人震驚地;非常地(強(qiáng)調(diào)不好)→shockproofadj.防電擊的electricityn.電;電能→electricadj.帶電的;用電的→electricaladj.電氣(學(xué))的;電相關(guān)的11.breathe

vi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathless

adj.氣喘吁吁的12.revivevt.&vi.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒→revivaln.振興;復(fù)蘇13.effortn.努力→effortlessadj.不費(fèi)力的;輕松的→effortlesslyadv.不費(fèi)力地14.wiseadj.明智的→unwiseadj.不明智的→wisdomn.智慧;才智15.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病/痛苦/悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn.受難;苦楚→sufferern.患難者;患病者16.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→eruptionn.噴發(fā)17.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)→survivaln.幸存;生還→survivorn.幸存者;生還者18.powern.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的→powerlessadj.無(wú)力的19.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況→emergentadj.緊急的20.delivervt.&vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表;分娩→deliveryn.投遞;送交21.summaryn.總結(jié);概要→summarizev.總結(jié)22.longadj.長(zhǎng)的→lengthn.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→lengthenv.(使)變長(zhǎng)考點(diǎn)（三）Unit4NaturalDisasters語(yǔ)法解析考點(diǎn)梳理（一）定語(yǔ)從句的概念(1)定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾_______的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫作_______。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)兩類。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。（二）關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修飾人、物，做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))which(修飾物，做主語(yǔ))（1）Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.（2）Thebuilding_______standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)）whom（做賓語(yǔ)，跟在介詞后）whose(做定語(yǔ))Thestudent________isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman________Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_________youtalkedaboutonthebus.考點(diǎn)（四） Unit4NaturalDisasters書面表達(dá)精講本單元寫作:概要寫作概要寫作是一種閱讀和寫作要求并重的新題型,有準(zhǔn)確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性、個(gè)體性等特點(diǎn)。概要寫作提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求閱讀原文后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語(yǔ)句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、語(yǔ)意連貫、不得抄寫原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。1、寫作步驟第一步:歸納主旨大意(含段落大意)概要寫作的第一步便是閱讀并抓取主題,進(jìn)而提取主旨大意,即有關(guān)該主題的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該主題上的觀點(diǎn)。閱讀語(yǔ)篇時(shí),根據(jù)文章不同的文體可采取以下方法:（1）記敘文：圈出記敘文的六要素(who、when、where、what、how、why),如果是夾敘夾議文,還要寫出故事給讀者帶來(lái)的啟示或寓意（2）說(shuō)明文：找出文章要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、觀點(diǎn)或建議（3）議論文： 提取議論文的三要素(論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證)第二步:提煉關(guān)鍵詞1、結(jié)合主旨大意,細(xì)讀段落,找出每個(gè)段落的主旨句和關(guān)鍵詞,區(qū)別段落中哪些是mainideas,哪些是supportingideas、examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相對(duì)重要的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵句是概要寫作最重要的內(nèi)容和依據(jù)。2、消減事例,盡量減少事實(shí)并省略細(xì)節(jié)。第三步:合并和改寫1.合并信息首先需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類、整合,找到信息之間的聯(lián)系,再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級(jí)的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果聯(lián)系緊密,且沒(méi)有支持的細(xì)節(jié)信息,可以考慮合并。2.在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的改寫,對(duì)原文的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的改變(改詞、換句型)。第四步:核查成文核查文章句子的連貫性,優(yōu)先考慮使用連接詞(but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however);核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法;核查詞數(shù)。2、常用語(yǔ)句1.表示文章的內(nèi)容以及研究目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...),theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart,theauthorargues/mentions/states/pointsout(that)...2.表示研究的結(jié)論Theresultshowsthat...Theauthorfindsthat...Itisconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion,theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally,theauthorsummarizesthat...3.表示觀點(diǎn)或建議Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned...Intheauthor'sview...考點(diǎn)（五） Unit4NaturalDisasters牛刀小試一、識(shí)記單詞1._________n.&v.破壞;毀壞2._________n.電;電能3._________n.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害4._________v.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境;陷阱5._________n.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況6._________n.援助;幫助;救援物資v.幫助;援助7._________v.埋葬;安葬8._________n.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力9._________n.智慧;才智10._________v.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失11._________v.摧毀;毀滅12._________v.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)13._________n.避難處;居所;庇護(hù)v.保護(hù);掩蔽;躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))14._________n.供應(yīng)(量);補(bǔ)給;[pl.]補(bǔ)給品v.供應(yīng);供給二、拓展單詞1._________n.死;死亡→_________adj.無(wú)生命的→_________v.死亡;消亡;滅亡2._________n.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克v.(使)震驚→_________adj.令人震驚的→_________adj.感到震驚的3._________v.呼吸→_________n.呼吸的空氣→_________adj.喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的4._________v.復(fù)活;(使)蘇醒→_________n.振興;復(fù)蘇5._________v.遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→_________n.折磨;苦難6._________v.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→_________n.火山爆發(fā);(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā)7._________n.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量v.驅(qū)動(dòng);快速前進(jìn)→_________adj.威力強(qiáng)大的;強(qiáng)有力的→_________adj.無(wú)力的;無(wú)影響力的8._________n.影響;結(jié)果;效果→_________adj.有效的;生效的9._________n.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度→_________adj.長(zhǎng)的→_________v.(使)延長(zhǎng);(使)變長(zhǎng)→_________adj.漫長(zhǎng)的;冗長(zhǎng)的三、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.______________對(duì)……造成損壞2.______________消滅;徹底消除3.______________震驚;吃驚4.______________保持冷靜5.______________像往常一樣6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛7.______________嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪8.______________露天;在戶外9.______________現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)10.______________處境危險(xiǎn)考點(diǎn)（七） Unit3SportsandFitness鞏固提升自然災(zāi)害種類：disaster________tornado______干旱__________landslide________tsunami_________洪水_______地震__________volcaniceruption________臺(tái)風(fēng)___________hurricane___________災(zāi)害描述：magnitude_________slide__________波浪______damage_________→_________adj.襲擊___________destroy→_________adj.→_________n.tap________evacuate______affect→___________adj.→____________n.爆發(fā)___________裂痕_______氣體_____好像______成為廢墟_______使陷于，陷阱_________bury_______撞擊________sweepaway_______災(zāi)難中的人及其描述：survive_________→__________n.呼吸____________shock→________adj.震驚__________revive_______→________n.遭受______wisdom__________平靜的____________救援設(shè)施：helicopter___________庇護(hù)所_________kitbag________急救___________electricity________哨子____________救援工作：努力____________emergencyaid____________onhand____________deliver_____→__________n.營(yíng)救__________生活必需品__________n.重點(diǎn)詞組似乎/好像_____________beshockedtodosth.________________陷入...中________________buryoneselfin________________深呼吸________________makeanefforttodosth.-考點(diǎn)（八） Unit3SportsandFitness模擬精練Unit4語(yǔ)法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(課文語(yǔ)法填空)SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28,1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Theywere1.________(sign)foranearthquake.Butpeople2._______livedtheredidn'tthinkmuchofthat.At3:42amthatday,theearthbegan3._______(shake),whichdestroyedalmostallthecityinlessthanoneminute.Manypeople,4._______(include)rescueworkersanddoctors,came5._______(rescue)thosewhoweretrappedunderthe6._______(ruin).Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakehitthecity.Morepeoplewerekilledorinjuredandmorebuildingsfell7._______.Verysoonthearmysentalotofsoldierstohelp,andteamswereorganisedtodigoutthetrappedandtobury8._______dead.Byandbythingsimprovedandthecitybegantobreatheagain.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe9._______(tire)effortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshan10._______(build)upontheearthquakeruins.答案：signs2.who3.toshake/shaking4.including5.torescue6.ruins7.down8.the9.tireless10.wasbuilt二、（單元語(yǔ)法填空）Myfatherworksinahospital1.______isveryfamousinourcity.Mymotherteachesmathsintheschool2.______Istudyin.ShelikeswatchingTVplays3.______leadingactorsareveryfamous.Iamaboy4.______likesplayingbasketball.Ihaveseveralgoodfriends5.______Ioftenplaybasketballwith.Oneday,Iwentouttothecitystadiumtoplaybasketballwithseveralofmyfriends,6.______homesarenotfarfrommine.However,aterriblematteroccurredwhenwewereplayinghappily,7.______madeoneofmylegshurt.Fortunately,thestadiumwherewewereplayingisnotfarfromaclinic,soIwastreatedbyadoctor8.______isskilled.Later,Iwassenthomebymyfriends,9.______helpmakesmethankful.Fromthiscase,IknowthatthemoreattentionIpay,thelesspainIwillget,10.______isreallyalivelesson.答案1.that/which2.that/which3.whose4.who/that5.who/whom/that6.whose7.which8.who/that9.whose10.which三、（拓展語(yǔ)法填空）EarthquakesAroundthePacificTheworld1.______(strike)byalargenumberofearthquakeseveryday,about5millioninayear.Chinaissituatedinoneofthemostactiveearthquakeregionsintheworldandtherehavebeenmanyterribleearthquakes.Themostserious2.______theseoccurredinHuaCounty,ShaanxiProvincein1556.TheearthquakeaffectedseveralprovincesincentralChina.Insomecommunities,60percentofthepopulationwerekilled.3.______(total),830,000peoplelosttheirlives.TheCaliforniaearthquakeofApril18,1906istheworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Ittookplaceataround5:12am,4.______lastedforonlyaminute.However,itcausedtheworst5.______(nature)disasterinthenation'shistory.FirescausedbytheCaliforniaearthquake6.______(do)themostdamage.Thefiresburnedforthreedays7.______(destroy)lotsofbuildings.Over700peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoandmanyweremadehomeless.InthewholeofCaliforn