SectionⅡUsinglanguage1重難語法·要攻克

目錄2知識要點·須拾遺3課時檢測·提能力重難語法·要攻克掌握核心語法1復習：構詞法

①This

made

me

realize

that

there’s

no

egg

in

eggplant

either.②Neither

is

there

pine

nor

apple

in

pineapple.③If

harmless

actions

are

the

opposite

of

harmful

actions，why

are

shameless

and

shameful

behaviors

the

same？④When

you

see

the

capitalized

“WHO”

in

a

medical

report，do

you

read

it

as

the

“who”

in

“Who’s

that？”⑤What

about

“IT”

and

“US”？⑥You

also

have

to

wonder

at

the

unique

madness

of

a

language

in

which

...⑦

...but

when

the

lights

are

out，

they

are

invisible.⑧Not

only

can

you

post

specific

questions，

but

you

can

also

broaden

your

knowledge

by

reading

posts

from

other

English

learners

around

the

world.【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】1.

句①和句②中的藍體單詞都是由兩個單詞連在一起合成的一個新

詞，這種詞叫

，這種構詞法被稱為

?。2.

句③、⑥、⑦中的藍體單詞是在詞根之后加上

?或在詞根之

前加上

，構成一個與原來單詞意思相近或相反的單詞，這

種構詞法叫

?。合成詞合成法后綴前綴派生法3.

句⑧中的兩個post詞性不同：第一個post為

，意為“發(fā)帖

子”；第二個post為

，意為“

”。這是在不改變

詞形的前提下將一個詞由一種詞性轉化為另外一種詞性，這種方法

被稱為

?。4.

句④、⑤中的WHO，IT，US是由多個單詞的首字母拼在一起而構

成的單詞，這種構詞法叫

?。動詞名詞帖子轉化法縮略法

一、構詞法的定義及分類按照一定的語言規(guī)律創(chuàng)造新詞的方法叫作構詞法。英語構詞法主要有

縮略法（Abbreviation）、合成法（Compounding）、派生法

（Derivation）、轉化法（Conversion）等。二、幾種常見的構詞法1.

縮略法縮略法是指把原詞的音節(jié)加以省略或簡化，從而在拼寫和讀音上都

呈現(xiàn)出新的形式的構詞方法?？s略法最常見的一種形式就是首字母

縮略。例如：UN——the

United

Nations聯(lián)合國MTV——music

television音樂電視AIDS——Acquired

Immune

Deficiency

Syndrome艾滋病【即時演練1】

寫出下列詞匯的縮略詞①very

important

person→

?②television→

?③Information

Technology→

?④Voice

of

America→

?VIP

TV

IT

VOA

2.

合成法由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成的詞叫合成詞，這種構詞法

稱為合成法。最常見的合成法包括：合成名詞、合成形容詞、合成

動詞、合成副詞、合成介詞、合成代詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符

連接，有的直接連接在一起。分類方法舉例合成名詞名詞＋名詞sportsman男運動員lifeboat救生船bookmark書簽wheelchair輪椅guidebook指南，手冊名詞＋動詞-inghandwriting書法babysitting照看小孩sightseeing觀光分類方法舉例合成名詞名詞＋動詞＋-erpainkiller止痛藥storyteller講故事的人lawmaker立法者動詞＋名詞typewriter打字機postmark郵戳pushcart手推車workshop研討會；車間分類方法舉例合成名詞形容詞＋名詞gentleman紳士greenhouse溫室名詞＋動詞handshake握手sunset日落介詞＋名詞overweight超重by-product副產品分類方法舉例合成名詞副詞＋動詞income收入output產量，輸出動詞＋副詞cleanup打掃closedown停業(yè)checkup檢查get-together聚會breakthrough突破tryout選拔賽分類方法舉例合成形容詞名詞＋形容詞lifelong終身的，畢生的snow-white雪白的名詞＋動詞-ingEnglish-speaking講英語的peace-loving愛好和平的heartbreaking令人心碎的breathtaking激動人心的分類方法舉例合成形容詞名詞＋動詞-edfun-filled充滿樂趣的man-made人造的heartbroken悲傷的custom-made定制形容詞＋動詞-inggood-looking相貌好看的easy-going性格隨和的形容詞＋名詞＋-edwarm-hearted熱心的white-colored白色的分類方法舉例合成形容詞形容詞＋動詞-edstrong-minded意志堅強的electric-powered電動的white-painted漆成白色的ill-cooked廚藝差勁的副詞＋動詞-edwell-educated受過良好教育的newly-made新建的well-known著名的副詞＋動詞-inghard-working勤勞的分類方法舉例合成形容詞介詞＋名詞/動詞-ingin-depth徹底的underlying根本的，潛在的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋-edone-eyed獨眼的three-storeyed三層的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞three-year-old三歲的two-foot-deep兩英尺深的動詞-ed＋副詞built-in內置的，固有的分類方法舉例合成動詞形容詞＋動詞ill-treat虐待whitewash用石灰水粉刷副/介詞＋動詞overcome戰(zhàn)勝overthrow推翻分類方法舉例合成副詞形容詞＋名詞hotfoot匆忙地anyway無論如何形容詞＋副詞everywhere到處somehow不知何故副詞＋副詞however無論如何whole-heartedly全心全意地介詞＋副詞forever永遠介詞＋名詞beforehand預先downstairs在樓下分類方法舉例合成介詞副詞＋名詞inside在……里outside在……外介詞＋副詞throughout遍及within在……之內副詞＋介詞into到……里upon在……之上分類方法舉例合成代詞代詞賓格＋selfherself她自己himself他自己物主代詞＋selfmyself我自己yourself你自己形容詞＋名詞anything任何東西everything一切東西【即時演練2】

寫出下列合成詞的漢語意思①greenhouse

?

②sunset

?

③far-reaching

?

④heartfelt

?

⑤hotfoot

?

⑥overcome

?

溫室日落影響深遠的由衷的匆忙地克服3.

派生法派生法指在詞根之前加前綴或在詞根之后加后綴構成一個與原來單

詞意義相近或相反的單詞。除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意

思，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變單詞的詞性，但是并不引起詞義的

變化。（1）動詞變名詞后綴①-y

discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；injure→injury傷害②-er/-or/-ar/-eebeg→beggar乞丐；educate→educator教育工作者；lie→liar撒謊者③-al

arrive→arrival到達；refuse→refusal拒絕④其他

choose→choice選擇；think→thought思想；思考（2）形容詞變名詞后綴①-y/-ty/-itydifficult→difficulty困難；safe→safety安全；able→ability能力②-th

warm→warmth溫暖；true→truth真理③-ness

happy→happiness幸福；kind→kindness仁慈④-ce

silent→silence沉默；different→difference差異（3）形容詞變副詞后綴①直接加-ly

certain→certainly肯定地；natural→naturally自然地②以-y結尾的詞，變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily高興地；lucky→luckily幸運地③以-le結尾的詞，去e加yterrible→terribly非常；simple→simply簡單地（4）否定前綴①un-

healthy→unhealthy不健康的；fair→unfair不公平的②im-

possible→impossible不可能的；polite→impolite不禮貌的③dis-

like→dislike不喜歡；agree→disagree不同意④mis-

understand→misunderstand誤解；lead→mislead誤導⑤in-

formal→informal非正式的；convenient→inconvenient不方便的（5）其他意義的前綴、后綴①re-（重新）

write→rewrite重寫；build→rebuild重建②-less（無）

harm→harmless無害的；use→useless無用的【即時演練3】

根據(jù)漢語意思給下列單詞加上適當?shù)脑~綴①

complete

不完全的②

possible

不可能的③

large

擴大④

cycle

再循環(huán)⑤wid

加寬⑥scholar

獎學金inimenreen

ship

4.

轉化法在詞形不變的情況下，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉換成另一種詞性，

而不加任何詞綴，這種構詞方法稱為轉化法。轉化法種類很多，但

數(shù)量最多的是由名詞轉化為動詞和由動詞轉化為名詞兩大類。（1）許多名詞可轉化為動詞，意思也隨之有些改變。如：cook

（n.廚師→v.烹調）name

（n.名字→v.取名）picture

（n.畫→v.描繪）stand

（n.看臺→v.站）（2）形容詞轉化為動詞。如：calm

（adj.平靜的→v.使平靜）spare

（adj.空閑的→v.節(jié)?。﹐wn

（adj.自己的→v.擁有）last

（adj.最后的→v.持續(xù)）（3）形容詞轉化成副詞。如：hard

（adj.困難的→adv.努力地）well

（adj.健康的→adv.很好地）【即時演練4】句型轉換①We

had

lunch

together

after

the

meeting.→We

together

after

the

meeting.②Let’s

fill

the

water

into

this

bottle.→Let’s

the

water.③You

are

so

fat

that

you

have

to

go

on

a

diet.→You

are

so

fat

that

you

have

to

?.④Snow

often

falls

in

my

hometown

in

winter.→It

often

in

my

hometown

in

winter.lunched

bottle

diet

snows

知識要點·須拾遺關注高頻詞匯2

come

across偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇見【教材原句】

When

you

open

a

dictionary，

you

often

come

across

a

lot

of

unfamiliar

words.當你打開詞典時，你經常會遇到許多不熟悉的單詞。【用法】come

about

發(fā)生，產生come

up

with

趕上；提出，想出（主意、解決方法、計劃等）come

up

走近；出現(xiàn)；被提出come

out

出來，顯露；開花；出版，發(fā)表；上市【佳句】Whenever

I

came

across

difficulties，

your

help

always

cheered

me

up.我無論何時遇到困難，你的幫助總會使我振作起來。

（感謝信）【練透】單句語法填空①The

shop

manager

came

over

and

asked

the

customer

how

the

quarrel

had

come

.

②Various

suggestions

came

at

the

meeting

but

were

refused

at

last.about

up

【寫美】用come的相關短語完成語段③I

an

old

friend

in

the

street

yesterday.

He

said

his

new

book

would

the

next

month.

We

also

talked

about

the

accident

that

that

day.came

across

come

out

came

about

contact

vt.聯(lián)系，聯(lián)絡n.接觸，聯(lián)系【教材原句】

a

friend

that

you

contact

by

writing，traditionally

using

a

pen

...一個你通過寫信聯(lián)系的朋友，傳統(tǒng)上使用鋼筆……【用法】（1）be

in

contact

with接觸；與……有聯(lián)系（表狀態(tài)）keep/stay

in

contact

with與……保持聯(lián)系（2）lose

contact

with

與……失去聯(lián)系be

out

of

contact

with

與……失去聯(lián)系（表狀態(tài)）make

contact

with

與……取得聯(lián)系【佳句】For

more

information，

please

contact

us

in

our

office.如需更多信息，請聯(lián)系我們的辦公室。（通知）

【練透】補全句子①I’ve

most

of

my

school

friends.我與學校的大多數(shù)朋友失去了聯(lián)系。②We

have

each

other

for

years.

And

last

week

we

again.我們已經很多年沒有聯(lián)系了。上周我們又取得了聯(lián)系。lost

contact

with

been

out

of

contact

with

made

contact

【寫美】翻譯句子③互聯(lián)網有助于我和朋友們保持聯(lián)系。

?The

Internet

helps

me

to

keep/stay

in

contact

with

my

friends.

likely

adj.可能的，可能發(fā)生的【用法】【佳句】She

also

said

there

were

likely

a

number

of

other

genes

that

help

the

Bajau

dive.她還說，可能還有其他一些基因幫助巴瑤人潛水?！揪毻浮繂尉湔Z法填空①My

heart

beat

with

joy

as

I

knew

we

were

likely

?

（save）.to

be

saved

【寫美】同義句轉換②Brian

is

gifted

in

writing

music；

he

is

very

likely

to

be

a

Beethoven.→Brian

is

gifted

in

writing

music；

a

Beethoven.→Brian

is

gifted

in

writing

music；

?

he

will

be

a

Beethoven.it

is

very

possible

for

him

to

be

it

is

very

likely/possible/probable

that

課時檢測·提能力培育學科素養(yǎng)3維度一：基礎題型練根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示寫出單詞的適當形式1.

S

is

an

electric

railway

which

runs

below

the

surface

of

the

ground.2.

The

building

being

built

is

served

for

students’a

?.3.

Originally，

I

couldn’t

adapt

to

this

t

of

food，

but

I

gradually

fell

in

love

with

it.ubway

partments

ype

4.

To

be

on

the

safe

side，

we

should

fill

up

the

tank

now，because

we

might

run

out

of

（汽油）

on

the

way.5.

For

more

brochures

about

other

package

tours

around

Peru，

（聯(lián)系）

us

at

tourinfo@

travelperu.org.6.

When

you

open

a

dictionary，

you

often

come

across

a

lot

of

（不熟悉的）

words.7.

Young

drivers

are

far

more

（可能的）

to

have

accidents

than

old

drivers.8.

“Smart”

can

mean

“intelligent”

or

“sarcastic”，

depending

on

the

（上下文）.petrol/gas

contact

unfamiliar

likely

context

維度二：語法與寫作選詞填空English-speaking，poorly-paid，absent-minded，passer-by，face-to-

face，ill-treated，peace-loving，notebook，

ready-made，

long-

distance1.

Meanwhile，

I’m

an

active

member

of

my

school’s

?

running

team

and

volunteering

club.

2.

Though

it

is

a

job，

he

still

devotes

much

time

and

energy

to

it.long-

distance

poorly-paid

3.

The

glass

window

fell

down

all

of

a

sudden

without

warning，

and

five

were

injured.4.

His

spoken

English

is

very

good，

because

he

is

from

Australia，

an

country.5.

The

workers

took

up

struggles

for

equal

human

rights.6.

They

agreed

to

have

a

talk

next

week.7.

The

fat

man

can

hardly

find

any

clothes

that

fit

him

well.passers-by

English-speaking

ill-treated

face-to-face

ready-made

8.

We

Chinese

are

people

and

we’ll

never

declare

war

on

others.9.

The

professor

is

always

losing

his

glasses

when

wearing

them.10.

When

I

use

my

dictionary，I

write

down

all

the

new

words

I

learn

in

this

little

?.peace-loving

absent-minded

notebook

維度三：語法與語篇閱讀下面短文，分析并寫出加藍單詞的構詞法。

Last

1.weekend，

I

was

traveling

home

from

business.It

was

too

late，

so

I

decided

to

go

to

a

hotel

near

the

bus

stop.

At

the

entrance

to

the

hotel，

I

met

a

man

who

was

2.disabled，

and

I

made

up

my

mind

to

offer

him

some

help.He

spoke

to

me

and

explained

his

past

life

when

he

was

3.healthy.He

had

worked

in

a

car

factory

for

five

years.Then

an

accident

left

him

disabled.While

listening

to

his

story

I

realized

that

he

had

4.experienced

a

lot

in

his

life.I

told

him

that

although

he

was

5.physically

disabled，

his

heart

was

strong，

and

he

could

always

depend

on

it.I

offered

him

some

money

to

buy

food

and

6.drinks

and

then

he

went

home.I

have

learnt

that

if

you

say

a

few

good

words

and

offer

a

little

help

to

others，

it

will

not

only

bring

7.happiness

to

you，

but

it

will

also

be

in

people’s

hearts

forever.答案：1.合成法2.派生法3.派生法4.轉化法5.派生法6.轉

化法7.派生法

Ⅰ.閱讀理解A

Year-12

student

Noah

Little

has

already

sat

his

first

Chinese-speaking

exam

and

said

it

was

“the

easiest

exam

I’ve

ever

done”.That

view

is

not

surprising

given

the

Wagga

High

School

student

loves

language—so

much

so

he

has

built

a

Chinese

translation

app.

Noah

said

his

love

of

language

was

encouraged

by

his

community.“Wagga

is

a

place

full

of

people

from

different

cultures，

and

sometimes

when

I

meet

new

people

who

have

trouble

speaking

English，

I

like

to

talk

to

them

in

their

own

language，”

he

said.“I

also

have

a

few

Chinese

friends

so

I

think

it

will

be

cool

to

talk

to

them

in

their

language.”

The

17-year-old

started

teaching

himself

Chinese

around

five

years

ago，

before

taking

distance

education

classes

at

the

start

of

Year

11.His

language

ability

was

also

useful

in

his

part-time

job

at

a

local

Chinese

restaurant，

where

he

translated

orders

for

the

cooks

and

customers.

Noah

said

he

also

had

a

basic

knowledge

of

seven

other

languages.It

was

while

teaching

himself

languages

that

Noah

got

the

idea

of

the

translation

tool.“I

decided

to

make

my

own

app

because

there

weren’t

many

around—all

the

other

apps

were

full

of

advertisements

and

the

translation

feature

（功能）

wasn’t

powerful

enough，”

he

said.

His

app

also

includes

a

word

of

the

day

feature，

lessons

on

how

to

write

Chinese

characters

（漢字）

and

a

news

feed

of

important

Chinese

news.

He

said

learning

computer

programming

to

build

the

app

had

been

like

studying

another

language.With

the

end

of

school

around

the

corner，

Noah

said

he

would

like

to

pursue

（追求）

both

his

interests

in

computer

programming

and

languages.“I’m

planning

to

work

for

a

year

and

save

so

I

can

go

on

to

university

as

I

really

want

to

make

a

career

（事業(yè)）

out

of

one

of

these

two

topics.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Noah學習中

文的經歷，學習漢語讓他獲益良多，他結合自己自學語言的經歷開

發(fā)了一款翻譯應用程序。語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Noah學習中

文的經歷，學習漢語讓他獲益良多，他結合自己自學語言的經歷開

發(fā)了一款翻譯應用程序。1.

What

do

we

know

about

Noah？A.He

began

to

learn

Chinese

at

11.B.He

failed

his

first

Chinese

exam.C.He

likes

teaching

Chinese

to

people.D.He

gets

a

lot

from

learning

Chinese.解析：

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和第三段內容可知，Noah熱愛

學習語言，他學習中文的經歷促使他開發(fā)了一款中文翻譯應用程

序；學習漢語使Noah在兼職的餐廳更好地為客人服務。由此推

知，漢語學習讓Noah獲益良多。2.

What

are

included

in

Noah’s

app？A.Advertisements.B.Pieces

of

world

news.C.Suggestions

for

memorizing

words.D.Ways

of

writing

Chinese

characters.解析：

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內容可知，Noah的應用程序包

括每日一詞、教如何寫漢字的課程以及推送重要的中國新聞。3.

What

has

Noah

decided

to

do

shortly

after

high

school

graduation？A.Look

for

a

job.B.Attend

university.C.Develop

a

new

app.D.Learn

more

languages.解析：

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的I’m

planning

to

work

for

a

year

and

save

so

I

can

go

on

to

university

as

I

really

want

to

make

a

career

（事業(yè)）

out

of

one

of

these

two

topics.可知，Noah決定高

中畢業(yè)后先找一份工作。4.

Which

of

the

following

can

best

describe

Noah？A.Curious

and

creative.B.Humorous

and

honest.C.Courageous

and

caring.D.Outgoing

and

outspoken.解析：

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段內容可知，Noah自學了漢

語并掌握了其他七種語言的基本知識，并結合自己自學語言的經歷

設計了一款翻譯應用程序。由此可知，Noah不僅求知欲強，而且

很有創(chuàng)造力。B

To

most

people，

especially

the

Americans，

the

Canadians

speak

the

same

language

as

them.This

makes

them

believe

that

Canadian

English

is

simply

American

English.However，

there

are

several

reasons

why

it

can

be

said

that

the

Canadians

have

their

own

variant

（變體）

of

the

English

language.What

makes

Canadian

English

so

special？

Canadian

English

is

a

variant

of

both

variants.Because

of

the

fact

that

their

next-door

neighbours

speak

American

English，

no

doubt

they

were

largely

influenced

by

it.However，

it

is

to

be

noted

that

the

Canadians

were

strongly

against

colonization

（殖民化）

when

the

Americans

tried

to

force

them

to

join.This

showed

just

how

much

loyalty

（忠誠）

they

have

for

the

Queen

of

England.The

English

spoken

by

the

British

and

that

spoken

by

the

Americans

are

worlds

apart

and

Canadian

English

took

the

best

of

both

worlds

to

create

its

own

language

style.

What’s

more，

nothing

beats

the

uniqueness

（獨特性）

of

the

Canadian

accent

（口音）.This

accent

can

go

back

to

the

history

of

the

first

Canadians.The

first

people

to

arrive

in

Canada

were

the

Irish

who

were

under

the

rule

of

Great

Britain.However，

soon

after，

a

large

number

of

people

who

came

from

neighbouring

America

also

started

to

arrive.Many

accents

mixed

into

something

between

the

British

and

the

American

accent.It

created

certain

mannerisms

（習慣）

which

cannot

be

found

in

either

British

or

American

English.

When

you

are

in

Canada，

you

cannot

help

but

notice

mannerisms

used

by

most

Canadians.The

word

“eh”

is

one

word

which

has

fully

come

to

be

connected

with

the

Canadians.You

would

most

likely

hear

a

Canadian

speak

to

you

and

end

his

sentence

with

“eh”.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人們往往認為加拿大英語和美式英

語沒有區(qū)別，但是加拿大人有自己的英語變體，文章對其中的原因

進行了介紹。語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人們往往認為加拿大英語和美式英

語沒有區(qū)別，但是加拿大人有自己的英語變體，文章對其中的原因

進行了介紹。5.

What

do

most

people

think

of

Canadian

English？A.It

is

somewhere

in

between

American

and

British

English.B.It

is

less

popular

than

American

English.C.It

is

no

different

from

American

English.D.It

is

the

same

as

British

English.解析：

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，大多數(shù)人認為加

拿大英語和美式英語沒有區(qū)別。6.

What

did

the

Americans

try

to

do

in

history？A.To

require

the

Canadians

to

change

their

mannerisms.B.To

ask

Canada

to

take

a

stand

against

colonization.C.To

force

the

Canadians

to

learn

American

English.D.To

make

Canada

part

of

America’s

land.解析：

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的However，

it

is

to

be

noted

that

the

Canadians

were

strongly

against

colonization

（殖民化）

when

the

Americans

tried

to

force

them

to

join.可知，歷史上美國曾

想讓加拿大成為美國領土的一部分。7.

What

can

be

learned

about

the

first

Canadians？A.They

were

from

Ireland.B.They

hated

Americans

a

lot.C.They

spoke

American

English.D.They

came

to

Canada

through

America.解析：

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的The

first

people

to

arrive

in

Canada

were

the

Irish

who

were

under

the

rule

of

Great

Britain.可知，

第一批加拿大人來自愛爾蘭。8.

How

do

the

Canadians

use

the

word

“eh”？A.To

finish

a

sentence.B.To

start

a

new

sentence.C.To

show

good

manners.D.To

express

a

strong

feeling.解析：

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，加拿大人用

“eh”這個詞結束一個句子。C

All

languages

change

over

time.New

vocabulary

is

often

required

for

the

latest

inventions

or

ideas.But

a

language

can

also

change

for

reasons

that

are

not

clear.

Language

changes

whenever

speakers

communicate

with

each

other.People

from

different

places

clearly

speak

differently，

but

even

within

the

same

small

community，

people

speak

differently

depending

on

their

age，

origin，

and

social

and

educational

background.When

we

communicate

with

these

different

speakers

in

different

situations，we

hear

new

words

and

expressions，

and

can

make

them

a

part

of

our

own

speech.Even

if

your

family

has

lived

in

the

same

area

for

generations，

you

can

probably

see

a

number

of

differences

between

the

language

you

use

and

the

way

your

grandparents

speak.When

enough

time

has

passed，

the

influence

of

these

changes

becomes

clearer.

During

the

18th

century，

Jonathan

Swift，

the

Irish

writer，

and

many

other

people

felt

the

English

language

was

in

serious

decline

（衰

落）

and

that

a

national

organization—like

those

in

France

and

Italy—

should

be

created

to

save

the

language.Swift

once

wrote

that

we

should

find

a

way

to

stop

our

language

from

changing.Even

today，

we

hear

people

complaining

about

a

lack

of

“standards

（標準）”

in

spoken

and

written

English.New

words

and

expressions，

or

changes

in

grammar，

are

often

considered

bad.

More

experts

believe

that

change

in

language

is

unavoidable.Change

is

a

way

of

keeping

a

language

alive

and

useful，

and

gives

speakers

different

ways

of

saying

things

with

extremely

small

differences

of

meaning

and

ways

of

expressing

completely

new

ideas.The

organizations

set

up

in

France

and

Italy

have

had

little

success

in

reducing

the

amount

of

change

in

French

or

Italian.

In

1747，

Samuel

Johnson

wrote

about

his

desire

to

write

a

dictionary

that

would

fix

the

pronunciation

of

English

and

keep

it

pure

（純正

的）.But

when

he

completed

the

dictionary

ten

years

later，

he

admitted

in

his

introduction

that

fixing

a

language

was

impossible.Like

it

or

not，

language

is

always

changing

and

English

will

go

on

doing

so

in

many

creative

and—to

some

people—annoying

ways.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言是變化的，并分析

了其變化的原因。語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言是變化的，并分析

了其變化的原因。9.

What

can

we

learn

from

the

second

paragraph？A.Some

people

learn

to

speak

better

than

others.B.The

youth

should

learn

from

their

grandparents.C.Language

change

is

greatly

influenced

by

people.D.Language

changes

little

if

people

stay

in

the

same

place.解析：

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Language

changes

...

can

make

them

a

part

of

our

own

speech.可知，人們的說話方式會因年

齡、出身、社會和教育背景的不同而不同。我們在與不同的人交流

時會受到影響，語言也就發(fā)生了變化。所以語言的變化受人的影響

很大。10.

What

does

Jonathan

Swift

think

of

language

change？A.He

thinks

it

is

hopeful.B.He

thinks

it

is

unclear.C.He

agrees

on

the

ch