2/2Unit4Readingandthinking分層練習(xí)語言知識一、（2024·高一課時練習(xí)）單句語法填空1.Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,______(rescue)fromthesinkingboat.2.AsfarasI’mconcerned,stayinguplateeverydayiscertain_____(affect)yourheathseriously.3.Theoldmanwentthroughalotof_____intheolddays.What’sworse,he______fromheartattackwhenhewasinhiseighties.(suffer)4.Thenews______(shock)thepublic,leadingtogreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.5.Arescueworkerriskedhislife_____(save)twotouristswho_______(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.6._____(bury)instudy,hedidn’tnoticethatalltheothershadleft.7.HetreatsmeasifI______(be)hisowndaughter.8.Whatyousaidleftus_____(lose)inthought.9.Iwonderwhyyourefused_____(deliver)myletterstomyhomelastweek.10.Inmyopinion,playingtamegamesoutdoorswithyourfriendsisan______(effect)waytogetridofanger.【答案】1.wererescued

2.toaffect

3.sufferings;suffered

4.shocked

5.saving,weretrapped

6.Buried

7.were

8.lost

9.todeliver

10.effective二、（2024·高一課時練習(xí)）重點詞組1．volcaniceruption

2．a(chǎn)sif

3．inruins

4．inshock

5．intheopenair

6．firstaidkit

7．onhand

8．sweepaway

【答案】1．volcaniceruption火山噴發(fā)2．a(chǎn)sif似乎；好像；仿佛3．inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪4．inshock震驚；吃驚5．intheopenair露天；在戶外6．firstaidkit急救箱7．onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)8．sweepaway消滅；徹底消除三、（2024·高一課時練習(xí)）根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞1．Janecaughtsightofherfriendand

(揮手)toher.2．Itisimportanttokeep

(鎮(zhèn)定的)infaceofdanger.3．Protestersattackedthepolicewithstonesand

(磚頭).4．Thecollapsewasdisastrous,requiringthe

(緊急情況)medicalteamandgoodteamwork.5．Wemovedintoacabinwith

(電)butnorunningwater.6．Shewassonervousthatshecouldn’t

(呼吸)freely.7．Everythingwasgoingsmoothlyuntilsuddenlythe

(災(zāi)難)struck.8．Theoldtreewasonce

(擊中)bylightning.9．Chinesepeoplearewell-knownforhardworkand

(智慧).10．Whatfollowsisabrief

(總結(jié))oftheprocess.11．Thewholecitywasin

(廢墟)afterthebigearthquake.12．Theyhavereceivednoticeofanapproaching

(臺風(fēng)).13．Rescuersbuilt

(避難所)forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.14．You

(挽救)mefromanembarrassingsituation.15．Asweallknow,thefloodreallydidgreat

(損害)tothecropsthere.【答案】1．waved【詳解】考查動詞。句意：簡看見了她的朋友，向她揮了揮手。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用動詞wave，結(jié)合上文caught可知為一般過去時。故填waved。2．calm【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在危險面前保持鎮(zhèn)定是很重要的。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用形容詞calm，作表語。故填calm。3．bricks【詳解】考查名詞。句意：抗議者用碎石和磚頭襲擊警察。根據(jù)中文提示，“磚頭”可用brick表示，可數(shù)名詞；需要與stones保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填bricks。4．emergency【詳解】考查名詞。句意：坍塌是災(zāi)難性的，需要緊急醫(yī)療小組和良好的團(tuán)隊合作?！熬o急情況”為名詞emergency作定語，修飾名詞短語medicalteam，名詞作定語，往往是說明材料、用途、時間、地點、內(nèi)容、類別等。故填emergency。5．electricity【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們搬進(jìn)了一間有電但沒有自來水的小木屋?！半姟睉?yīng)用名詞electricity，是不可數(shù)名詞，作with的賓語，表示有電但沒有自來水的小木屋。故填electricity。6．breathe【詳解】考查動詞原形。句意：她緊張得喘不過氣來。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用動詞breathe，作謂語，且情態(tài)動詞couldn't后跟動詞原形。故填breathe。7．disaster【詳解】考查名詞。句意：一切都很順利，直到災(zāi)難突然降臨。根據(jù)句意及漢語提示可知，此處使用名詞disaster，特指那場災(zāi)難，應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)形式，作從句的主語。故填disaster。8．struck/striken【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：這棵老樹曾經(jīng)被閃電擊中過。根據(jù)漢語提示和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞strike符合題意，主語和動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，故空處填動詞的過去分詞形式和was構(gòu)成一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填struck/striken。9．wisdom【詳解】考查名詞。句意：中國人民以勤勞智慧著稱。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，空處應(yīng)用不可數(shù)名詞wisdom，和hardwork并列，作介詞for的賓語。故填wisdom。10．summary【詳解】考查名詞。句意：下面是對這一過程的簡要總結(jié)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知應(yīng)用名詞summary，不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)。故填summary。11．ruins【詳解】考查名詞。句意：大地震后，整個城市成了一片廢墟。根據(jù)句意及漢語提示可知，此處使用名詞ruin，在句中作介詞賓語，表示“殘垣斷壁；廢墟”，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；inruins是固定短語，意為“破敗不堪，嚴(yán)重受損”。故填ruins。12．typhoon【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們已收到一個臺風(fēng)即將來臨的通知。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，此處用名詞typhoon，作賓語。故填typhoon。13．shelters【詳解】考查名詞。句意：救援人員為房屋被毀的幸存者建造了避難所。根據(jù)句意及漢語提示可知，此處使用名詞shelter，可數(shù)名詞，前無限定詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表泛指，作賓語。故填shelters。14．rescued【詳解】考查動詞。句意：你把我從尷尬的境地救了出來。本句描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時。根據(jù)漢語提示“挽救”和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處可用動詞rescue的過去式作謂語。故填rescued。15．damage【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們都知道，洪水確實給那里的莊稼造成了很大的損失。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，“損害”是damage，dodamageto表示“對...有損害”，名詞作賓語。故填damage。知識應(yīng)用四、（2024·皖豫名校聯(lián)盟）閱讀理解InGeorgiastudentswillberequiredtobuild“backgroundknowledge”byrecitingallorpartofsignificantpoemsandspeeches.TheArkansesplancallsforstudentstoreciteapassagefromawell-knownpoem,playorspeech.That’sit:anold-fashioneddemandthatstudentsmemorizetheGettysburgAddressorHamlet’s“Tobeornottobe”orGwendolynBrooks’sWeRealCoolandreciteittoanaudience.Mostparentswouldprobablycallthisaworthyexerciseonceabandonedforlong,gatheringthecouragetospeakinpublicandfiringtheadolescentimagination.Whocouldobjecttostorememorablewordsinteenageheadsotherwisepackedwithshortvideos?Englishteachers,that’swho.Moderneducatorsviewmemorizationasemptyrepetition,mechanicalandprescriptive（規(guī)定的）ratherthancreativeorthoughtful.Recitingtextsfrommemory,theysay,merelydropsinformationintostudents’minds.It’srepetitivelearninginsteadofcriticalanalysis.That’swrong.Recitationallowsstudentstoexperienceatextasalivingthing,readytobetakenupbyanewgeneration.Committingapoemorspeechtomemorymeanssteppingintotheauthor’sshoesandponderingwhathemeant.Decidingwhichwordstostresswhenrecitingmeansthinkingaboutwhatthosewordsmean.Inourageofsocialmediaandartificialintelligence,thepracticeofrecitationhasneverbeenmoreneeded.Memorizingclassicwordsremindsusthattheyarealive.WatchthefacesofparentsastheylistentotheirchildrenurgingusalltowardwhatMartinLutherKingcalled“adreamdeeplyrootedintheAmericandream,”orsayingwithRobertFrost,“Ihavebeenoneacquaintedwiththenight,”orwithShakespeare,“Tomorrowandtomorrowandtomorrow...”Whenyoungrecitersreturntotheirseats,theyknowtheyhavemadeagelesswordstheirown.Whatparentsandstudentsfeelatthatmomenttranscends（超越）agoodgrade.Forafewminutes,hardworkingteensbecomeKing,FrostorShakespeare.28.Whyareeducatorsagainststoringmemorablewordsinteenageheads?A.Memorizationisnothingbutthoughtfullearning.B.Memorizationisanythingbutrepetitivelearning.C.Memorizationdoesinjureteenagers’heads.D.Memorizationdoesnogoodtocriticalanalysis.29.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardrecitation?A.Supportive. B.Objective.C.Opposed. D.Unclear.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pondering”inparagraph4mean?A.Learningfrom. B.Reflectingon.C.Bringingout. D.Arguingagainst.31.HowdoestheauthorstresstheimportanceofrecitationinthesocialmediaandAItimes?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bydisplayingmethods. D.Bylistingfigures.【答案】【C篇大意】本文為說明文。主題為“人與自我”。在喬治亞州，學(xué)生將被要求通過背誦全部或部分的要詩歌和演講來建立“背景知識”。阿肯色州的計劃要求學(xué)生背誦一段著名的詩歌、戲劇或演講。盡管英語教師和現(xiàn)代教育家認(rèn)為記憶是空洞的重復(fù)，機(jī)械的和規(guī)定性的，而不是創(chuàng)造性或深思熟慮的，但家長可不這樣認(rèn)為。28.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段Moderneducatorsviewmemorizationasemptyrepetition…It’srepetitivelearninginsteadofcriticalanalysis.可知答案為D.Memorizationdoesnogoodtocriticalanalysis。29.A【解析】作者態(tài)度題。由第四段的首句That’swrong.以及隨后4段都表達(dá)了作者對“背誦有好處”的認(rèn)同和支持。故答案為A.Supportive。30.B【解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)后一句Decidingwhichwordstostresswhenrecitingmeansthinkingaboutwhatthosewordsmean“（在背誦時）決定重讀哪些單詞意味著要思考這些單詞的意思”可推至“pondering”意為本句中的thinkingabout“思考”，故答案為B.Reflectingon。31.A【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后2段通過舉例“家長親眼目睹背誦給孩子帶來的好處”來說明“…thepracticeofrecitationhasneverbeenmoreneeded.Memorizingclassicwordsremindsusthattheyarealive”，故答案為A.Bygivingexamples。五、（2024·豫北名校大聯(lián)考）語法填空Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyattempts___41___(record)thedetailsofthesurfaceoftheMoon.However,nonehasbeenascomprehensiveasthemapreleasedbytheChineseAcademyofSciencesonJune14,2022.Thismap___42___(create)using15yearsofdatawhichwascollectedfromtheongoingChineseLunarExplorationProgram.Chinesegeologists(地質(zhì)學(xué)家)alsousedinformationfromlunarexplorationmissions(任務(wù))___43___(conduct)bytheUS,Japan,andIndia.Themapidentifiesthepreciselocationsofeveryknownlunarrock,basin,andstructure.Geological___44___(discovery)madeatthesamplingsitesofthehistoric1969—1972Apollomission___45___thelandingsiteofthe2020Chang’e5mission—wheretheyoungestlunarrockknowntodatewasfound-arealsomarked.Theresearchersbelievethethoroughlunarmapwillcontribute___46___(significant)toscientificresearch.Themapwillalsobe___47___reliabletoolforfindingsafelandingplacesforfuturelunarmissions.Meanwhile,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyfocuseditsefforts___48___creating“themostaccuratecompletemultidimensionalmapoftheMilkyWay.”Itsinformationwillgiveastronomersa___49___(far)understandingoftheevolutionofourgalaxy.Itwillalsohelp___50___(they)betterunderstandthelifecycleofstars.【答案】41.torecord42.wascreated43.conducted44.discoveries45.and46.significantly

47.a48.on49.further50.them【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講介紹的是一張中國科學(xué)院于2022年6月14日發(fā)布的月球地圖?！?1題詳解】考查不定式。句意：近年來，人們進(jìn)行了許多嘗試，試圖記錄月球表面的細(xì)節(jié)。attempt意為“嘗試”，后跟不定式作后置定語，故填torecord?！?2題詳解】考查時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這張地圖是用15年的數(shù)據(jù)繪制的，這些數(shù)據(jù)是從正在進(jìn)行的中國月球探測計劃中收集的。地圖是被繪制，map和create之間是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，句子用被動語態(tài)，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，因此空格處是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語map是單數(shù)，因此空格處是wascreated。故填wascreated。【43題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國地質(zhì)學(xué)家還使用了美國、日本和印度進(jìn)行的月球探測任務(wù)的信息。句中謂語是used，空格處用非謂語動詞，由by可知，空格處用過去分詞表被動，故填conducted。【44題詳解】考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在歷史性的1969-1972年阿波羅任務(wù)的采樣點和2020年嫦娥五號任務(wù)的著陸點（迄今為止已知最年輕的月球巖石的發(fā)現(xiàn)地點）的地質(zhì)發(fā)現(xiàn)也被標(biāo)記出來。由后面的are可知，此處discovery用復(fù)數(shù)，故填discoveries。【45題詳解】考查連詞。句意：在歷史性的1969-1972年阿波羅任務(wù)的采樣點和2020年嫦娥五號任務(wù)的著陸點（迄今為止已知最年輕的月球巖石的發(fā)現(xiàn)地點）的地質(zhì)發(fā)現(xiàn)也被標(biāo)記出來。“samplingsitesofthehistoric1969—1972Apollomission”和“thelandingsiteofthe2020Chang’e5mission”之間是并列關(guān)系，因此空格處用and表并列，故填and?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：研究人員認(rèn)為，完整的月球地圖將對科學(xué)研究做出重大貢獻(xiàn)?？崭裉幱酶痹~significantly修飾動詞contribute，意為“顯著地”，故填significantly。【47題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：該地圖還將成為未來月球任務(wù)尋找安全著陸點的可靠工具。tool是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠詞，reliable是輔音音素開頭，因此不定冠詞用a，故填a?！?8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：與此同時，歐洲航天局把精力集中在繪制“最精確、最完整的銀河系多維地圖”上。focus...on是固定短語，意為“把……集中在……上”，因此空格處是介詞on，故填on?！?9題詳解】考查比較級。句意：它的信息將使天文學(xué)家進(jìn)一步了解我們星系的演化。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“它的信息將使天文學(xué)家進(jìn)一步了解我們星系的演化”，空格處意為“進(jìn)一步的”，是further。故填further?！?0題詳解】考查代詞。句意：這也將幫助他們更好地了解恒星的生命周期?？崭裉幱觅e格them作賓語，故填them。六、（2024·皖豫名校聯(lián)盟）完形填空Mr.VedderhasimpactedmylifeinwaysevenIcannotimagine.Inmyseventh-gradeyear,Iwas__41__toMr.Vedder,anEnglishteacherbeyondanyother.WhenIwasyounger,I42becomingfamouslikeeveryotherstudentofmyage.WhenI__43__intoMr.Vedder'sclassroomonthefirstdayofschool,hemademe__44__whatItrulywantedtodo:write.Helikedwriting,andpushedmetosharehis__45__.Andinfacthisenthusiasmgreatly__46__me.Afterthat,Ialways__47__myselfwitha__48__inmyhandorastorytowrite.Intheclassroom,Mr.Vedderwasa(n)__49__rolemodel.Evenonthedarkest,__50__andlongestdays,Mr.Vedderwastheretomakeallofusfeelthatthedaywasgoingtoofast,andwedidn'twantitto__51__.Actually,inhisclass,everyonegenuinelywantedtolearn.IfoneweretoapproachMr.Vedder,theywouldknowthathewasinvolvedin__52__.Thisisduetohis__53__withstudents.UnlikeanyotherteacherIhaveeverseen,Mr.Veddercanconnectwithhisstudentsbetterthanthestudentsthemselves.HavingMr.Vedderasateacheris__54__tohavinghimasafriend.Mr.Vedderhaschangedmylifeforeverandforthebetter,andI'm__55__forwhathehasdoneforme41.A.introduced42.A.insistedon43.A.broke44.A.recommend45.A.duty46.A.amused47.A.found48.A.ball49.A.academic50.A.hardest51.A.extend52.A.friendship53.A.agreement54.A.helpful55.A.gratefulB.limitedB.allowedforB.steppedB.forgetB.weaknessB.influencedB.rewardedB.bagB.curiousB.safestB.occurB.entertainmentB.argumentB.equalB.responsibleC.committedC.dre