技法6|利用語法和句法結(jié)構(gòu)解題[解題技法分述]完形填空會有個別設(shè)空是考查在語境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法和句法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，辨析同義詞、近義詞的能力。正確分析句子的語法成分和結(jié)構(gòu)，具備扎實(shí)的詞匯基礎(chǔ)知識是解題的關(guān)鍵。[經(jīng)典案例分析][例1](2017·北京高考)Laterperson.Itnahattendedschool，shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman，39anoldshoppingtrolley(購物車)whichwaspiledwith40them.Thisdthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad，andevenmore41something.Shesomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad，shewouldn't43asbad.39．A.pushing B．carryingC．buying D．holding40．A.goods B．bottlesC．foods D．bags41．A.excited B．determinedC．energetic D．grateful42．A.since B．unlessC．a(chǎn)lthough D．a(chǎn)s43．A.sound B．getC．feel D．look解析：42空考查句法結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)其前后的時態(tài)，特別是前面的完成時可判定42空狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)選A；43空考查詞義辨析，四個選項(xiàng)都可以用作系動詞，但此處bad是一種感覺，故43空選C。[例2](2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Whenwehandedhimthebagof52，helitupandthankeduswith53eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard，sayinghecoulduseitfor54hisfamilymightneed，heburstintotears.52.A.toysB．medicineC．foodD．clothes53．A.sleepyB．wateryC．curiousD．sharp54．A.whoeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever解析：53題考查詞義辨析，四個詞都可以修飾eyes，但通過thanked我們可推知應(yīng)是感動得眼睛濕潤(watery)了，故選B。54題考查句法結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞for后面為賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作need的賓語，應(yīng)用代詞whatever，故選B。技法感悟|一題妙用六法(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42atcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL－AmericanSignLanguage(美式手語)．Ineverfeltanurgeto43anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing，andsoareallmyfriends.The44languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions(交往)．LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy45forASL.The46beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48ofmunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.WhatIsawwaspletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe50．Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.Afterthat，feelingtheneedto52further，IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto53thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy54progress，Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto55thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm，I56anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57．Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58，iftherehadbeenanytalking，itwouldhave59ustolearnless.Now，Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60wayofmunicationitopens.41.A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal42．A.progress B．experienceC．major D．opinion43．A.choose B．readC．learn D．create44．A.official B．foreignC．body D．spoken45．A.love B．concernC．goal D．request46．A.meeting B．tripC．story D．task47．A.recorded B．performedC．recited D．discussed48．A.idea B．a(chǎn)mountC．dream D．reason49．A.disturbed B．supportedC．embarrassed D．a(chǎn)ttracted50．A.end B．pastC．course D．distance51．A.showing B．a(chǎn)ctingC．saying D．wanting52．A.exercise B．exploreC．express D．explain53．A.print B．writeC．sign D．count54．A.slow B．steadyC．normal D．obvious55．A.chair B．sponsorC．a(chǎn)ttend D．organize56．A.missed B．passedC．gaveup D．registeredfor57．A.prohibited B．weledC．ignored D．repeated58．A.Lastly B．ThusC．Instead D．However59．A.required B．causedC．a(chǎn)llowed D．expected60．A.easy B．popularC．quick D．new41．A[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。由上文的“explorenewaspectsoflife”可知，此處所填之詞與explore在詞義上接近，表示一種“探索的過程”，故選searching。]42．B[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了把自己的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷(experience)變得更美好的東西，第三段的“Ihadexperienced”也給出了提示。]43．C[上下文暗示。根據(jù)下文可知，作者的家人和朋友聽力都正常，因此他從未想過學(xué)習(xí)(learn)手語。]44．D[上下文暗示。既然家人、朋友聽力沒問題，那么口語(spokenlanguages)就足夠了。]45．A[上下文暗示。由下文的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段的“Now,Iappreciatethesilence...”可知，作者后來愛上了(love)美式手語。]46．C[上下文暗示。從后文的內(nèi)容可知，作者開始講故事(story)的經(jīng)過了，故選C。]47．B[上下文暗示。由前面的watched可知，此處作者在觀看對方的表演(perform)。]48．A[情景排除。這里指的是無語言交流的想法(idea)。]49．D[上下文暗示。由下文可知，作者參加了手語俱樂部，因此此處作者應(yīng)是被吸引了(attract)。]50．B[上下文暗示。由空格前的“Ihadexperienced”可推知是過去(inthepast)的經(jīng)歷。]51．D[上下文暗示。由下文的further可推知，這種新穎讓作者想要(want)了解更多。]52．B[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。由第一段的explore可知，此處指作者覺得自己有進(jìn)一步探索(explore)的必要。]53．C[情景排除。既然學(xué)手語，就得學(xué)會如何用手語表示(sign)字母表中的字母。]54．A[上下文暗示。由前面的“beingdiscouragedby”可知，作者進(jìn)步緩慢(slow)。]55．C[上下文暗示。由本句的“madeitapoint”和“l(fā)earnallIcould”可知，作者努力做到參加(attend)這些會議。]56．D[詞語習(xí)慣搭配、上下文暗示。后面講的是課堂上的事情，由此可知作者參加了一個美式手語課程，registerfor為固定搭配，意為“注冊，登記”。]57．A[上下文暗示。講課的教授是耳聾的，因此在課堂上是禁止(prohibit)講話的。]58．C[語義邏輯關(guān)系。作者意識到無聲并非是不愉快的，相反(instead)如果有任何交談的話，會導(dǎo)致學(xué)生們學(xué)到的更少。]59．B[上下文暗示、詞語習(xí)慣搭配。相反，如果有任何交談的話，會導(dǎo)致學(xué)生們學(xué)到的更少。causesb.todosth.導(dǎo)致某人做某事。]60．D[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。由第三段的newness可知，對作者來說，這是一種新的(new)交流方法。](對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第39頁)(2017·湖南省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)考前演練)Hello,Mr.Wi-Fi,lifewithoutyouisnexttoimpossiblenow.We'rehappytosingyournamefrommorningtillevening,sometimestilldawn.1Iknowyouhelpme,sometimesyou'remakingmedothingswith2attention.ManytimesIpromisemyselfthatI'll3myfeelingstowardsyou,butyou're4mecloserandcloser...You'veenteredbothmyhomeandmy5.You'rejustawindowforour6andinformation.Butwepeoplearen't7onlywiththewindow.Soweopenallour8foryou.Isthisa(n)9orsomekindofattachment?Ifthisisanillness,isitcurable?Andifthisisanattachmentwillyou10metothelifelongtogetherness?Wewantyou24/7.Can'tyoutakeafewdaysoffsothatbothyouandIcan11？You'reapoison—notaslowonebutasuper12poisonwhichholdsourmindandmakesusdance13itstune.Nowadaysyou'reso14thatanyonecanbuyandmakeyouour15．You'llneverbebotheredaboutourhealthbutwe'll16beconcernedaboutyour“health”.Becauseyouacpanyuseverywhereandneverletusbealone.Ifyouwerea17personmadeoffleshandblood(血肉之軀)wouldweloveyouthesame?You18uswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan'tgetridofyou.We'reallyour19．SometimesIwonderhowpeopleinthepreviousgenerations20，butiftheydidwhycan'twe?【語篇解讀】作者用詼諧的語氣質(zhì)問Wi-Fi，這呈現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代人的一種通病，那就是對無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴。1．A．Nowthat B．OnlyifC．Though D．WhenC[根據(jù)語境可知，雖然(Though)作者知道Wi-Fi幫助了自己，但是正是Wi-Fi的特殊作用讓作者在做事情的時候會分心。]2．A．praised B．increasedC．focused D．dividedD[參見上題解析。]3．A.keepin B．bringbackC．a(chǎn)pproveof D．giveupA[根據(jù)語境可知，作者很多次都對自己承諾說要抑制(keepin)自己對Wi-Fi的情感。bringback“使回憶起，使想起”；approveof“同意，贊成”；giveup“放棄”。]4．A．drawing B．pushingC．forcing D．observingA[根據(jù)語境可知，此處形象生動地表現(xiàn)了作者不能抗拒Wi-Fi對自己的吸引。draw“吸引”，符合語境。push“推動”；force“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；observe“觀察”。]5．A.space B．soulC．society D．workplaceB[Wi-Fi進(jìn)入了作者的家和靈魂中。下文中的“holdsourmind”是關(guān)鍵提示。]6．A．entertainment B．a(chǎn)rgumentC．expansion D．struggleA[Wi-Fi(本來)只是我們娛樂(entertainment)和獲取信息的窗口。argument“爭論”；expansion“擴(kuò)張”；struggle“斗爭，奮斗”。]7．A．strict B．satisfiedC．generous D．busyB[根據(jù)上文的“You'rejustawindowforrmation”以及“But”所表示的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，此處表示人們并不滿足于(satisfied)Wi-Fi僅僅是個“窗口(window)”。strict“嚴(yán)格的”；generous“慷慨的”；busy“忙碌的”。]8．A．thoughts B．eyesC．exits D．doorsD[此處表示人們將Wi-Fi的作用擴(kuò)大化，不僅僅滿足于其作為窗口的作用，而是將所有的“門(doors)”打開迎接Wi-Fi。某種程度上而言，door是window的“升級版”。]9．A．disease B．inspirationC．routine D．phenomenonA[結(jié)合下文中的“anillness”可知，作者疑惑的是自己和其他人對Wi-Fi如此依賴的現(xiàn)象是否是一種病(disease)。inspiration“靈感”；routine“慣例”；phenomenon“現(xiàn)象”。]10．A.remend B．instructC．mit D．a(chǎn)daptC[如果對Wi-Fi的情感是一種依賴的話，Wi-Fi能保證與作者一生都親密無間嗎？mit意為“保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或遵從安排等)，承諾”，符合語境。remend“推薦”；instruct“教導(dǎo)”；adapt“適應(yīng)”。]11．A．persist B．relaxC．progress D．balanceB[Wi-Fi不能給自己放幾天假以便它和作者都能放松(relax)一下嗎？persist“堅(jiān)持”；progress“行進(jìn)”；balance“平衡”。]12．A.raw B．a(chǎn)mbiguousC．strong D．fastD[根據(jù)本句中的“notaslowone”可知，Wi-Fi并不是慢性毒藥，而是快速起效的毒藥，故用fast與slow形成對比。raw“不熟練的”；ambiguous“含糊不清的”；strong“強(qiáng)壯的”。]13．A.to B．a(chǎn)gainstC．from D．withinA[Wi-Fi是一種能控制人們的思想并使人們隨著它的音調(diào)起舞的毒藥。to表示“隨著”。]14．A.affordable B．valuableC．conventional D．a(chǎn)ttractiveA[根據(jù)下文中的“anyonecanbuy”可知，如今Wi-Fi的價格是如此低廉以至于任何人都能買到，并使其成為人們的伴侶。affordable“支付得起的，不算太貴的”；valuable“有價值的”；conventional“傳統(tǒng)的”；attractive“有吸引力的”。]15．A.addition B．expertC．panion D．instrumentC[參見上題解析。下文中的“Becauseyouacpanyuseverywhereand