英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)/英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)英語中六大從句用法總結(jié)1.主語從句1)主語從句可直接位于主語的位置,如果從句較長,謂語又較短,可用it作形式主語,而將從句放在句末。常見的句型有:*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.2)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示"...的東西時(shí)",一般不用it作形式主語。Whatwelackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等詞含有各自的疑問意義,但它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句,都用陳述語序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.2.賓語從句1)賓語從句可位于與物動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞后。連詞that?？墒÷浴＝樵~后一般接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。inthat(因?yàn)?,exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是)已構(gòu)成固定搭配,其他介詞后一般不接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.2)賓語從句后如有賓補(bǔ),要用形式賓語it來代替,而把賓語從句移至賓補(bǔ)之后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,如果謂語是否定的,一般將否定詞移至主句謂語上,賓語從句則變成肯定形式。Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.3.表語從句表語從句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)為"主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句"的句子中。表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo)。that?？墒÷?。如主句主語為reason,只能用that引導(dǎo)表語從句,不可用because.PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.4.同位語從句同位語從句用于對前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo),由于先行名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見的先行名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有時(shí)由于謂語較短,將同位語從句位于謂語之后。Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.5.定語從句定語從句所修飾的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子。定語從句通常位于先行詞之后,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。*限制性定語從句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞,對先行詞起修飾作用,緊接先行詞之后,無逗號(hào),若省去,原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有時(shí)也可指物,相當(dāng)于ofwhich;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定語從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語從句,替代先行詞外,還在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語等。ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以與形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)關(guān)系代詞的省略在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞,作介詞賓語時(shí)不可用that,只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句,并且不可省略,但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語從句句末時(shí),作為介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that,也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語,意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)"介詞+which"的結(jié)構(gòu)。Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.5.定語從句*非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,也可修飾整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開,若省去,原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*"介詞+which\whom\whose"引導(dǎo)的定語從句“介詞+which\whom\whose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語動(dòng)詞的固定搭配,或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。ThisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavingsItiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.*as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)的定語從句主要用于"such...as"與"thesame...as"的結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行詞problems)Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主語)6.狀語從句*時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有:1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely)...when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.*地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原因、結(jié)果和目的狀語從句1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有:so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.3)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等,從句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*條件和讓步狀語從句1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞和詞組有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞和詞組有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however)等。though,evenif等引導(dǎo)狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成含有as的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),具有強(qiáng)調(diào)意義。其結(jié)構(gòu)為"形容詞(副詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞)+as+主語+謂語"。Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=thoughheisyoung)Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.(=thoughheisachild)*方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有as,justas,asif,asthough等。asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反。Theyoungmanmadetheexperimentjustastheteacherhadtaughthim.Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened.總結(jié)從句(SubordinateClause)是復(fù)合句中不能獨(dú)立成句,但具有主語部分和謂語部分,由that、who、when等引導(dǎo)詞(Connective)引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。[編輯本段]分類從句有主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。前四類由于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句與同位語從句在句子的功用相當(dāng)于名詞,所以通稱名詞性從句;后兩類定語從句和狀語從句功用相當(dāng)于形容詞,稱為形容詞性從句。狀語從句還可以分為條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、方位狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句。1.主語從句(SubjectClause):用作主語的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞、疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接代詞、縮合連接副詞等。2.表語從句(PredicativeClause）:用作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大都一樣。3.賓語從句（ObjectClause）:在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動(dòng)詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。[編輯本段]賓語從句第一部分一、、定義:賓語從句就是一個(gè)句子作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。二、學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素:連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)或人),which(指事),who(指人)1.從句為陳述句,常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略,直接與主句相連。2.從句為一般疑問句,常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether…ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。3.從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。★當(dāng)who為主語時(shí),句式為：who+謂語+其他判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況:1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況2.主句是一般過去時(shí),從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意:從句描繪客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3.主句是一般將來時(shí),一般從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（“主將從現(xiàn)"）例題:〈1.Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesun＿＿＿＿round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are〈2.Ibelievethatourteam＿＿＿＿thebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.wins〈3.Idon’tknow＿＿＿＿tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who〈4.Thesoldierssoonreached()wasonceanoldtemple()thevillagersusedasaschool.A.which;whereB.what;whichC.where;whichD.what;where答4:選B,動(dòng)詞reach后接賓語從句,從句缺少賓語,where不可,which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)表疑問含義"哪一個(gè)…"而此句中并非疑問含義,不知道哪一座廟宇,而是用what從句表陳述含義,意"過去的一座舊廟宇";temple后為對其修飾的定語從句,用關(guān)系代詞which代替,并在從句中作動(dòng)詞used的賓語,usesth.as…"把…用作…賓語從句,在復(fù)合句中作賓語,位于與物動(dòng)詞后;Tellhimwhichclassyouarein.Doyouknowwhathelikes?(1)主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致:主句謂語過去時(shí),從句相應(yīng)過去時(shí)；Heansweredthathewaslisteningtome.主句謂語現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需;Hesays(that)hewillleaveamessageonmydesk.Theyknow(that)heisworkinghard.具體過去永不變,真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí);Hetoldmethathewasbornin1980.Fathertoldmethatpracticemakesperfect.(2)否定前移,與完成反意問句;在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句否定式時(shí),應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去,完成反意疑問句時(shí),應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注:否定前移的條件是,主句主語是第一人稱）Idon'tthinkyouareright,areyouIdon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey(3)在表示建議suggest,advise要求demand、desire、require、request、propose;決定decide;命令order、command;堅(jiān)決主張insist;等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句,用(should)+v.(虛擬語氣)eg.Isuggestedthatyou(should)studyhard.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.(4)如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語,用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句后置eg.Youmaythinkitstrangethathewouldlivethere.(5)賓語從句that?？墒÷?但在以下情況下不能省略A．當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),可以省略第一個(gè)that,其他不能省略。eg.Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbet鄄ter.B.當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí)eg.Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.C.當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí)eg．Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve．三、分類A、作動(dòng)詞的賓語:eg.IheardthenewsI主語heard謂語動(dòng)詞thenews.名詞作賓語I主語heard謂語動(dòng)詞thathewouldcomeherelateron.一個(gè)句子作賓語賓語從句B、作介詞的賓語:eg.Hesaidnothingaboutthisplan。He主語said謂語動(dòng)詞nothing代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語about介詞theplan.名詞作介詞的賓語四、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成:帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有:that(可省略),what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.五、注意:A賓語從句必須用陳述語序。False:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.Right:Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.B有時(shí)候可以用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad:Ithoughtthathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohoursimpossible.Good:Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.Bad:Heleftwhetherweshouldcontinuethisprojecttomyjudgment.Good:Heleftittomyjudgmentwhetherweshouldcontinuethisproject.C帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad:Ithinkhedoesn’tliketheEnglishteacher.Good:Idon’tthinkhelikestheEnglishteacher.DFalse:Hewantedtoknowwhyheiscryinginthecorner.Right:Hewantedtoknowwhyhewascryinginthecorner.4.同位語從句(AppositiveClause):與先行詞同位或等同的從句叫作同位語從句。其關(guān)聯(lián)詞多為that。5.定語從句（AttributiveClause）：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般皆放在被它所修飾的名（代）詞之后,這種名（代）詞就叫作先行詞（Antecedent）。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞(或稱引導(dǎo)詞、關(guān)系詞等）。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語等；關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中用作狀語。①引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有who,whom,whose,that,when,where,why和which.在非限制定語從句中,只可用which,who,whose,where,when.,如果指代前面整個(gè)句子,多用which.例句:Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.(失蹤的狗已經(jīng)找到了。)Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposalareexpectedtodiscussitindetailafterthemeeting.(有人認(rèn)為那些對這個(gè)提案有興趣的人最好是在會(huì)后再具體討論它。)Therearemanyorganizationswhosepurposeistohelpthehomeless.(存在著許多旨在幫助無家可歸者的組織。)Thedayswhenwehadtorelyonwool,cottonorsilkforourclotheshavenowpassed.（那種必須依賴羊毛,棉花或者蠶絲做衣服的日子已經(jīng)過去了。)Airmovesfromplaceswherethepressurewashightoplaceswherethepressureislow.(空氣從壓強(qiáng)高的地方流向壓強(qiáng)低的地方。)Thisisthereasonwhyherefusedtohelpus.(這就是他拒絕幫助我們的原因。)Hewasbornin1976,whenanearthquakestruckthecountry.（他出生于1976年,這一年這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了地震。)Theyturnedablindeyetothesufferingofthepeople,whichenragedallofus.(他們對受苦人們的漠視激怒了我們。）②當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的先行詞前有all,any,no,little,much,veryfirst等詞,或先行詞前為形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí),或先行詞為all,anything,nothing,something,everything時(shí),從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.Theonlythingthatmatterstothechildrenishowsoontheycanhavetheirholiday.(孩子們唯一關(guān)心的是他們什么時(shí)候放假。)Thesearetheverypointsthatpuzzleme.(真正困擾我的是這些觀點(diǎn)。)Isthereanythingthatbothersyou（有什么事煩著你嗎?)Thisisthebestfilmthatwaseverproducedbythecompany.(這部是那個(gè)公司有史以來拍攝得最好的電影。）③as可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,多和such,thesame連用.As引導(dǎo)的定語從句也可修飾整個(gè)句子,既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭.例句:Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.(你描述的那一類人現(xiàn)在很少了。)Theboywasrunoverbyamotor-car,asoftenhappenedinpre-liberationShanghai.(那個(gè)男孩被一輛摩托軋過去了,這種事在解放前的上海是不少見的。）Asisoftenthecase,thegirlforgottobringherdictionary.（正如往常一樣,這個(gè)女孩又忘了帶上字典。)Weareopposedtosuchideasasarenotbaseduponobjectivefacts.(我們是反對這種毫無事實(shí)根據(jù)的想法的。）④介詞+which/whom/whose從句Thedriveristhemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthegoldwatch.(她就是從那個(gè)司機(jī)的房間偷了金表的。)Languageisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicateideaswitheachother.(語言就是人們用來和其他人交流的一種工具。)Janespentalleveningtalkingaboutherlatestbook,ofwhichnoneofushadeverheard.(Jane一晚上都在談?wù)撝沧罱鼘W(xué)課本,那些內(nèi)容我們聞所未聞。）例題:Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything_______itcomesincontact.a.whereb.thatcwithwhichdassoonas⑤代/名+介詞+which從句Heisneedingabook,thenameofwhichIdon'tknow.(他需要一本書,但是我不知道書名。)Infactoriesandinourdailylife,therearemanywastematerials,allofwhichcanheturnedintousefulthingsundercertaincondition.(在工廠里,在我們的日常生活中都有很多垃圾,其實(shí)這些垃圾在某種情況下是可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛杏玫臇|西的。)Tomakeanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.（為了能夠客觀地測試,老師寫了一串答案唯一的問題。）⑥同位語從句和定語從句ThenewsthathehasbeenadmittedbyHarvardUniversityisverypleasing.(他被哈佛大學(xué)錄取的消息非常令人興奮。)Thenewsthatyoutoldmewasreallyexciting.(你告訴我的好個(gè)消息真的是很激動(dòng)人心。）⑦難句:NO.1Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.(他是被選為代表該團(tuán)隊(duì)的人中一員。)NO.2Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.(他是那些男孩中唯一一個(gè)愿意再接受任務(wù)的人。）NO.3Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.第二部分一、時(shí)態(tài)1·主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2·主句用過去時(shí),從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。3·主句用過去時(shí),從句是真理時(shí),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二、賓語從句的幾類連接詞:①從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示"是否"的賓語從句.例句:Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.②連接代詞連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.例句:DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你該依靠誰.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的了嗎③連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel你能展示給我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.三、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的.★部分"動(dòng)詞+副詞"結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句例句:Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎★動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記例句:Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.四、可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.例句:Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)尋要在賓語與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.例句:Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí),一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替例句:Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.五、介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句例句:Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.★用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句例句:Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.六、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例句:IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.七、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別①if和whether在作"是否"解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介詞后一般不用if②少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。⑤避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.八、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);2.當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);3.當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);4.當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);5.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略;6.當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí);7.當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí);8.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí);9.當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí);10.當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí);11.在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).九、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.例句:Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是★如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.例句:Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是十、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響。當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí),細(xì)分為一下幾種情況:①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生例句:Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國家.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestory"TheOldManandtheSea"whenhewasin.他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<老人與海>.②從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前例句:HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary.③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后例句:Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.★如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,則從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化例句:Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).★當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等