助動(dòng)詞[語(yǔ)法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①IamspeakinginfavouroftheInternet.②TherearetwomainpointswhichmustbeincludedwhenweanalysetheInternet.③Withthetouchofabuttonortheclickofamouse,astudentwillfindabundantinformation.④Theseproblemsdonotoccurasoftenwhenpeopleusetraditionalreferencematerials.⑤Tohelpsolvethisproblem,aspecialclinicwasopenedinBeijingin2005.⑥Oneuniversitydidastudyaboutthestudentswhohaddroppedout.(1)按英語(yǔ)詞類劃分，以上各句中黑體部分的詞均為助動(dòng)詞。(2)以上各句中黑體部分的詞均無(wú)詞匯意義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。(3)②⑤句中黑體部分的詞在句中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(4)①③⑥句中黑體部分的詞在句中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)。(5)④句中黑體部分的詞在句中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞occur一起構(gòu)成否定。[語(yǔ)法剖析]語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)一助動(dòng)詞的概念協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~(MainVerb)。助動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法功能詞，自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，它沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)翻譯，用于構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)二助動(dòng)詞的分類類別例詞特點(diǎn)基本助動(dòng)詞be,do,have無(wú)詞匯意義，只有語(yǔ)法作用，協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句、疑問(wèn)句等助動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(半助動(dòng)詞)beaboutto,bedueto,begoingto,belikelyto,bemeantto,besupposedto,bewillingto,haveto,seemto,beunableto,beunwillingto在功能上介于主要?jiǎng)釉~和助動(dòng)詞之間的一類結(jié)構(gòu)其他助動(dòng)詞shall,will,should，would無(wú)詞義，主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)[即時(shí)演練1]用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空①Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.②Ihaven't(not)seenhimforalongtime.③OnlywhenwebeganourcollegelifedidwerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.④Iboughtthiswatchhereyesterday,butitdoesn'twork.⑤Hewilletotheofficethisafternoon.⑥Thesebooksarenotsupposedtobetakenoutofthereading-room.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)三基本助動(dòng)詞的用法助動(dòng)詞be的用法用法例句be＋現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Englishisbeingmoreandmoreimportant.Theywerehavingameeting.be＋過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.be＋動(dòng)詞不定式表示最近、未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或安排HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.表示命令Youaretoexplainthis.[即時(shí)演練2](1)完成句子①她現(xiàn)在正在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)。Sheis_writingabooknow.②當(dāng)我到達(dá)那里時(shí)，他們正在看電視。Theywere_watching_TVwhenIgotthere.③很多人在地震中喪生。Manypeoplewere_killedintheearthquake.④下午2點(diǎn)你到老師辦公室。Youare_to_gettoourteacher'sofficeat2o'clock.(2)(重慶高考)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe________untilyesterday.A．willeB．wasingC．hadeD．came解析：選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。前一句說(shuō)James已經(jīng)到了，然后用but語(yǔ)意一轉(zhuǎn)說(shuō)直到昨天才知道他要來(lái)，據(jù)此可知應(yīng)該填表示將來(lái)含義的時(shí)態(tài)。A項(xiàng)雖然表示將來(lái)，但是因?yàn)橹骶溆昧诉^(guò)去時(shí)，從句不能用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，因此只能選擇B項(xiàng)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。(3)(北京高考)—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I________inanapplicationformforanewjob.A．fillB．havefilledC．a(chǎn)mfillingD．willfill解析：選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意：“嗨，我們?nèi)セ伞！薄皩?duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表?！庇纱鹁渲械臅r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)rightnow和上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示正在發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。(4)(大綱卷)Unlesssomeextramoney________，thetheatrewillclose.A．wasfoundB．findsC．isfoundD．found解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：除非找些額外的資金，否則這個(gè)劇院就要倒閉。狀語(yǔ)從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則，同時(shí)money與find之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選C。2．助動(dòng)詞have的用法用法例句have/had＋過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.have＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.have＋been＋過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.[即時(shí)演練3](1)完成句子①那不可能是約翰，他進(jìn)城了。Itcan'tbeJohn.Hehas_gonetotown.②我一上午都在修理冰箱。Ihave_been_fixingthefridgeallthismorning.③英語(yǔ)在我國(guó)已被廣泛使用了。Englishhas_been_usedwidelyinourcountry.(2)(天津高考)Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________．A．a(chǎn)rebeingmadeB．willbemadeC．havebeenmadeD．hadbeenmade解析：選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在所有準(zhǔn)備工作就緒以后我們才開(kāi)始工作。在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。從句中的動(dòng)作make要先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作start之前發(fā)生，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)。(3)(湖南高考)Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we________tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.A．tryB．havebeentryingC．a(chǎn)retryingD．willtry解析：選B。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自從人類開(kāi)創(chuàng)園藝工作以來(lái)，我們一直在努力使我們的環(huán)境更加美麗。根據(jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可知，try這一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去，故主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(4)(江蘇高考)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A．coverB．willcoverC．havecoveredD．covered解析：選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)兩人的對(duì)話及句中的inavarietyofforms可知，媒體已經(jīng)以多種形式對(duì)南京青年奧運(yùn)會(huì)進(jìn)行了報(bào)道，因此選擇C。3．助動(dòng)詞do的用法用法例句構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句DoyouwanttopasstheCET？do＋not構(gòu)成否定句Idonotwanttobecriticized.構(gòu)成否定祈使句Don'tbesoabsent-minded.放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣Doshutup！用于倒裝句LittledidIknowaboutthecitywhenIwasyoung.代替實(shí)義動(dòng)詞以避免重復(fù)Sheworksharderthanhedoes.[名師點(diǎn)津](1)構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。(2)加強(qiáng)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)在具備以下兩個(gè)條件時(shí)使用：①只用于一般時(shí)；②只用于肯定句。(3)用于倒裝句，應(yīng)具備副詞never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so等位于句首的條件。[即時(shí)演練4](1)說(shuō)出助動(dòng)詞在下列各句中的作用①Theydon'tdotheirhomeworkathome.構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式②Doesshegetupearlyinthemorning?構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式③WhendidhegraduatefromtheCambridge?構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)式④Doetomybirthdaypartyplease.放在動(dòng)詞原形前加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣⑤Idon'tknowwherehelives;nordoIcare.用于倒裝句(2)(江蘇高考)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays,“________thatmyfatherwouldetomyrescue.”A．IdoubtedB．doIdoubtC．IhavedoubtedD．didIdoubt解析：選D?？疾榈寡b和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)男孩說(shuō)：“我從來(lái)沒(méi)有懷疑過(guò)我爸爸會(huì)來(lái)救我。”表示否定意義的短語(yǔ)neverforasecond位于句首，句子需要部分倒裝，根據(jù)句意可知男孩是在回憶父親救他時(shí)的情景，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，答案為D。(3)(重慶高考)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,________you?A．mustn'tB．haven'tC．didn'tD．hadn't解析：選C?？疾閙ust在反意疑問(wèn)句中的用法。musthavedone的反意疑問(wèn)句中助動(dòng)詞既可以用have也可以用過(guò)去式，但是如果語(yǔ)境中出現(xiàn)了明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)則只能用過(guò)去式，本題中出現(xiàn)了lastsummer，因此只能選擇C項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)四半助動(dòng)詞的用法半助動(dòng)詞指在功能上介于主要?jiǎng)釉~和助動(dòng)詞之間，本身帶有詞義的一類結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的半助動(dòng)詞有appearto,happento,turnoutto,wouldrather,beaboutto,beto,bedueto,begoingto,belikelyto,beobligedto,besupposedto,bewillingto,have(got)to,hadbetter,seemto,beableto,getto,becertainto等。它們既能與主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成復(fù)雜的動(dòng)詞詞組，也可與基本助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞搭配充當(dāng)“主要?jiǎng)釉~”。HowdidyougettoknowthatIwashere?Isheabletoarriveontime?Wewereabouttostartwhenitrained.Heseemstobeverydisappointed.Idon'thavetobuyanewhouse.Theyarecertaintowinthegame.[即時(shí)演練5]寫(xiě)出下列各句中半助動(dòng)詞的漢語(yǔ)意思①Youarenotsupposedtoparkyourcarhere.應(yīng)該②Wehavetobecarefulwhendriving.必須③ThepresidentistospeakonTVtonight.要做，將做④Myfatherusedtowalktowork.過(guò)去常常⑤Heislikelytowinthegame.有可能語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)五will/shall,would/should的用法用法例句will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)IshallstudyharderatEnglish.HewillgotoShanghai.would/should＋動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.[即時(shí)演練6](1)完成句子①他說(shuō)他第二天來(lái)。Hesaidhewould_ethenextday.②明天她要領(lǐng)著孩子們逛動(dòng)物園。Tomorrowshewill_take/show_her_childrenaroundthezoo.③我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你要升職了。Iheardthatyouwould_get_a_promotion．(2)(北京高考)—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I________itforyou.A．checkB．checkedC．willcheckD．wouldcheck解析：選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意：“幾點(diǎn)了？”“我不知道。稍等，我?guī)湍憧匆幌??！庇蒵ustaminute可知，下文表示臨時(shí)的決定，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。(3)(山東高考)Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey________anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.A．boughtB．wouldbuyC．haveboughtD．hadbought解析：選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們下定決心，一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買所新房子。根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞made可知該題的語(yǔ)境是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的；同時(shí)once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的changed這一動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法，所以主句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即wouldbuy。圖表作文[技法指導(dǎo)]圖表作文往往要求介紹某種情況或陳述某一觀點(diǎn)，它一般至少包含描述圖表所示內(nèi)容和解釋原因兩個(gè)部分。其寫(xiě)作規(guī)律性較強(qiáng)，故有一定的模式可循。圖表主要有兩類：(1)表格式表格式(table)作文就是將統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或被說(shuō)明的事物直接以統(tǒng)計(jì)表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。(2)圖形式①表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的曲線圖(diagram)；②表示數(shù)據(jù)大小或數(shù)量之間差異的柱狀圖(barchart)、餅狀圖(piechart)；③表示整體結(jié)構(gòu)差異的扇形圖(fanchart)。其寫(xiě)作思路如下：(1)首段。不管是table還是chart，文章的第一段都需要對(duì)所示信息進(jìn)行描述。描述時(shí)，認(rèn)真閱讀圖表提供的信息以及每一欄上面的小標(biāo)題，弄清設(shè)計(jì)者想通過(guò)圖表來(lái)反映的信息、問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象。長(zhǎng)度要適中。(2)中段。第二段主要是分析數(shù)據(jù)、解釋原因并得出結(jié)論的段落。在掌握了全部信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著手分析這些信息或數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)分析對(duì)比，找出不同點(diǎn)和相似點(diǎn)，從而得出合理的結(jié)論。(3)尾段。如果文章講的是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的問(wèn)題，那么這一段寫(xiě)解決辦法；如果講的是一個(gè)好的變化，那么這一段可寫(xiě)負(fù)面的影響或存在的問(wèn)題，或者寫(xiě)未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向。表達(dá)1．Asisshowninthegraph,peoplebuyfewershoesasthepriceofshoesgoesup.2．Itcanbeseenfromthechartthatwhattheboysliketodoistobeebusinessmenandscientists.3．Thelatestsurveysindicatethatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.4．Asforlawyers,moreboysexpecttohavethisjob.5．Moreboyswanttochooselawyersastheirprofession.6．Whenitestoprofession,moreboyswillchooselawyers.7．Inordertorealizethedream,Ihavebeentakinggreatefforts.8．IhavebeentakinggreateffortssothatIcanrealizethedream.9．Ihavebeentakinggreateffortsforthepurposeofrealizingthedream.10．Inconclusion,weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.11．Basedonthedescriptionabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthattoprotecttheenvironmentaroundusistosaveourselves.[寫(xiě)作規(guī)范][題目要求]假如你叫JimLee，最近你對(duì)所在班級(jí)的60名學(xué)生(男女各半)進(jìn)行了關(guān)于上網(wǎng)目的的調(diào)查。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給某報(bào)社的編輯寫(xiě)一封信來(lái)反映此事，以引起輿論的關(guān)注。注意：1.根據(jù)圖表中的信息，敘述男女生上網(wǎng)目的的異同；2．?dāng)⑹稣{(diào)查結(jié)果時(shí)要避免重復(fù)使用百分比；3．?dāng)⑹鲞^(guò)程中要適當(dāng)添加評(píng)論。[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．網(wǎng)上沖浪surf_the_Internet2．與……通信correspond_with3．最喜歡的favourite/like_to_do_most4．做調(diào)查make_a_survey5．更為重要的是what's_more6．受某人支配at_one's_mand第二步：由詞造句1．女孩們最喜歡聊天，而多數(shù)男孩不愿為之。①chatting.Boyschatting.Boyswould_rather_abandonit.②Whatgirlsliketodomostischatting,whileboyswould_rather_abandonit.2．男孩和女孩都喜歡讀網(wǎng)上新聞或與他人聯(lián)系。①Bothboysandgirlsliketoreadnews.Theyliketocorrespond_withothers.②Bothboysandgirlsliketoeitherreadnewsor_correspond_withothers.第三步：連句成篇Deareditor，Ihaverecentlymadeasurveyamong30boysand30girlsinmyclassabouttheirpurposesofsurfingtheInternet.Whatgirlsliketodomostischatting,whilemostboyswouldratherabandonit.Theyturntoplayinggamesandthat'salsogirls'favourite,whichshowstheirpetenceattheputer.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsliketoeitherreadnewsorcorrespondwithothersontheInternet.Theythinkit'sthemostconvenientwaytogetabundantinformationintheworldattheirmand.Asforstudying,thenumberofboysandgirlsisequal,butaltogetheronlyseveralofthemwillusetheInternetasatoolforstudying.Yours，JimLeeⅠ.單項(xiàng)填空1．—What________theweatherlikeinyourhometown?—It'shardtosay.Sometimesitisnice,butatothertimes,itisbad.A．wouldB．isC．doesD．will解析：選B。理解句意可知，題干中的like是介詞，要和be動(dòng)詞連用才能構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)或否定句，意為“像……一樣”，因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)，該句型用于詢問(wèn)天氣情況。wouldlike意為“想要”；do...like意為“喜歡”；will...like意為“將喜歡”，都與句意不符。2．Don'ttaketoomuchofthemedicine;itdoesyoumoreharmthangoodifyou________．A．doB．takeC．likeD．have解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞。do代替前文中的謂語(yǔ)部分taketoomuchofthemedicine;take為及物動(dòng)詞“服藥”，在句中應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)。3．Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they________toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.A．didn'tspeakB．hadn'tspokenC．haven'tspokenD．haven'tbeenspeaking解析：選B。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。因?yàn)閔adn'tspoken表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在becamefriendsagain之前，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4．________you________himaroundthemuseumyet?A．Have;shownB．Do;showC．Had;shownD．Are;showing解析：選A。考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干中有yet一詞，表示詢問(wèn)“是否已經(jīng)做了……”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞用have。5．Thepriceofhousesinourcountryhasreachedanunbelievablelevel,butsixyearsagonoonecouldhaveexpectedthatit________sosharply.A．roseB．hadrisenC．wasrisingD．wastorise解析：選D。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我國(guó)的房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)上升到了難以置信的水平，但六年前，沒(méi)有人會(huì)預(yù)料到房?jī)r(jià)上升會(huì)如此劇烈。理解句意，顯然rise動(dòng)作發(fā)生在couldhaveexpected之后發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)?！癰e動(dòng)詞＋不定式”可以表示將來(lái)，故答案為D項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)不能表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．HewillteachusEnglishnextterm.→WewillbetaughtEnglish(byhim)nextterm.2．Theteachersaidwemusthandinourhomeworkontime.→Theteachertoldus,“Dohandinyourhomeworkontime.”3．Hedidn'tdohishomeworkuntilhisfathercameback.→Notuntilhisfathercamebackdidhedohishomework.4．Weweregoingtoleavewhenthebellrang.→Wewereabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.5．Hehasn'tbeentoLondon,andhisparentshaven't,either.→Hehasn'tbeentoLondon,andneither/nor_havehisparents.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Sally'sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,has_she(是嗎)?2．—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I_will_be_writing_a_report(我將在寫(xiě)報(bào)告)athome.3．If_nothing_is_done(如果什么都不做),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.4．Onlythendid_she_realize(她才意識(shí)到)howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.5．—Hadwebeenmorecareful,theaccidentmightnothavehappened.—Butwe_weren't_at_that_time(我們當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有)．6．—Doyouregrethavingleftyourfirstjob?—WhyshouldI?Idon't_earn_as_much(掙錢(qián)沒(méi)以前多),butIenjoymoreofit.7．—Marywon'tgototheconcerttonight.—Neither_will_Peter(彼得也不去)．8．Hetoldusthathewould_study_abroad(要出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí))．[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(十一)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Ifitisfinetomorrow,we________afootballmatch.A．haveB．willhaveC．hasD．shallhas解析：選B。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。2．Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,________？A．couldheB．didn'tIC．didn'tyouD．couldthey解析：選B?？疾閐o助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成反義疑問(wèn)句。句意：我告訴他們并不是每個(gè)人都能跑得和你一樣快，對(duì)吧？主句為肯定句，故反問(wèn)部分用否定。3．Forsometimetheexpert________peopleofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.Hesayshewon'tstopuntilallthesmokersaroundhimdecidetoquitsmoking.A．iswarnedB．iswarningC．hasbeenwarningD．hasbeenwarned解析：選C。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。4．ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI________sinceIcametothisschool.A．a(chǎn)ttendedB．hadattendedC．a(chǎn)mattendingD．haveattended解析：選D。句意：自從我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)，這是我所聽(tīng)到的最有教育意義的演講。since“自從……以來(lái)”，引導(dǎo)過(guò)去時(shí)的從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5．—YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.—Oh,I________forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A．waswaitingB．hadwaitedC．a(chǎn)mwaitingD．havewaited解析：選A。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境“當(dāng)我去拜訪你時(shí)你不在家”使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，可知，此處用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6．________thepresentsituationcontinue,ourjobmightbeemoreandmoredifficult.A．WouldB．ShouldC．MightD．Could解析：選B。本題考查省略if條件句的用法。只有當(dāng)條件句中有助動(dòng)詞had,were或should時(shí)，才可以省略if，并把助動(dòng)詞had，were或should提到主語(yǔ)的前面，本題符合條件，故選B項(xiàng)。7．Onlywhenhereachedthetea-house________itwasthesameplacehe'dbeeninlastyear.A．herealizedB．hedidrealizeC．realizedheD．didherealize解析：選D。only＋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝，即“助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”。8．Wheneverything________intoconsideration,yourprogressseemstobeverygood,sojustbeconfident.A．takesB．willbetakenC．hastakenD．istaken解析：選D。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)take...intoconsideration可知，everything應(yīng)該是take動(dòng)作的承受者，因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中不用will構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)，故排除B項(xiàng)，正確答案為D項(xiàng)。9．Why________youacplishedyourtaskyet？You________tofinishthemlastmonth.A．haven't;weresupposedB．hadn't;aresupposedC．haven't;aresupposingD．hadn't;weresupposing解析：選A。根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境和狀語(yǔ)yet可知，第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用haven't構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響；besupposedto表示“應(yīng)該，理應(yīng)”，并含有責(zé)備之意味。由lastmonth可知，第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用weresupposed。10．ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________．A．ismadeB．wouldmakeC．wastobemadeD．hadmade解析：選C。句意：澳洲金礦的發(fā)現(xiàn)使成千上萬(wàn)的人們相信他們將會(huì)發(fā)財(cái)。makeafortune意為“發(fā)財(cái)”，make在句中需要使用被動(dòng)形式，因此排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；題干中l(wèi)ed提示時(shí)間為過(guò)去，故選C，wastobemade表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。betodo意為“將會(huì)，將要，注定會(huì)發(fā)生”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解Doesyourlocalhighschoolhaveastudentnewspaper?OnlyoneineightofNewYork'spublichighschoolshasstudentnewspapers—andmanyofthosearepublishedjustafewtimesayear.Afewmoreareonline,whichcanleaveoutpoorerschools.RebeccaDwarka,an18-year-oldseniorwhoworksforherstudentpapersaid,“Facebookisthenewwayoffindingoutwhathappened.Nobodywantstoactuallysitdownandreadawholearticleaboutit,whichmakesa‘wholearticle’soundalittlelikealongsentenceinlonelyplaces.”Iamnotnostalgic(懷舊的)abouthighschoolstudentnewspapersandneverworkedformine.Iputoutwhatwasthencalledapersonalmagazinewithagroupoffriendsbecausewewantedtowriteaboutpeace,war,rock’n’rollwithoutschoolofficialswarningusnottomakejokesaboutthelocalofficials.Hearingthatschoolnewspapersareindeclinebecausestudentsnow“findoutwhathappened”onsocialnetworkingwebsitesisalittlediscouragingbecauseitprovesthatformillionsofAmericans,journalismisbeingado-it-yourselfthing.Everycitizencanbeareporter.Whensomethinghappens,welookforsocialmediamessagesassoonastheyflash,too.FacebookpostsandTweetshavebeethemeansbywhichcitizensandreporterscanprove,deny,passonstoriesandexpressopinionswithoutthepresschallenging,researching,orslowingthemessage.Buttrulygoodjournalismisacraft,notjustablog(博客)post.Itrequiresnotonlyseeingsomethingcarefully,butalsoreportingitwithperspective.Itusesaneyefordetailtohelpprovealargerview.Andevenjournalismthatconveysanopinionstrives(力求)tobefair.Ifschoolnewspapersbegintodisappear,Ihopethereareotherwaysforstudentstolearnthat.語(yǔ)篇解讀：隨著社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為新興的傳播新聞的手段，校辦報(bào)紙的發(fā)展面臨著窘境。1．WecaninferfromwhatRebeccasaidthat________．A．peopleliketositdowntoreadarticlesB．studentslikereadingdetailedarticlesC．schoolnewspapersarebeingunpopularD．Facebookisthequickestwayofspreadingnews解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“OnlyoneineightofNewYork'spublichighschoolshasstudentnewspapers—andmanyofthosearepublishedjustafewtimesayear.”和第三段中Rebecca說(shuō)的話“Facebookisthenewwayoffindingoutwhathappened.Nobodywantstoactuallysitdownandreadawholearticleaboutit”可知，校報(bào)已經(jīng)變得不受歡迎。2．Intheauthor'sopinion,socialmediamessages________．A．a(chǎn)reusuallydiscouragingforreadersB．reflectthepowerofsmallvoicesC．makejournalismbeeacraftD．a(chǎn)ren'tbasedoncarefulresearch解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段的“FacebookpostsandTweetshavebeethemeans...withoutthepresschallenging,researching,orslowingthemessage.”可知，社交網(wǎng)站上的信息沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的調(diào)查。3．Accordingtotheauthor,goodjournalismshould________．A．a(chǎn)ctasblogpostsinmoderntimesB．focusonsomethingindetailC．conveyamessagequicklyD．fairlyconveyanopinion解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Itusesaneyefordetailtohelpprovealargerview.Andevenjournalismthatconveysanopinionstrives(力求)tobefair.”可知，作者認(rèn)為新聞業(yè)應(yīng)該公平地傳達(dá)某種觀點(diǎn)。4．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Highschoolnewspapers—anendangeredspeciesB．SocialnetworkingbringsaboutnewjournalismC．EveryonecanbeeareporteratpresentD．Socialmediaornewspaper?解析：選A。標(biāo)題歸納題。本文介紹了由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體逐漸成為人們獲取新聞的主要來(lái)源，造成了校報(bào)幾乎消失的境況，故選A。Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀AjudgeinLosAngeleshassentencedMichaelJackson'spersonalphysiciantofouryearsinprisonforthedeathofthepopsuperstar.LosAngelesSuperiorCourtJudgeMichaelPastorTuesdayhandedthesentencetoDr.ConradMurray,whowasjudgedearlierthismonthguiltyofinvoluntarymanslaughter(過(guò)失殺人)inJackson'sdeath.Murray，however,couldserveonlyhalfhissentenceduetoovercrowdinginCalifornia'sprisonsystem.Inissuingthesentence,thejudgedescribedMurrayasanirresponsiblephysicianw