聚焦語法第3講數(shù)詞與主謂一致思維導(dǎo)圖數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)精講Ⅰ.數(shù)詞的概念：表示數(shù)量或順序的詞叫作數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為兩大類，即基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量；序數(shù)詞表示順序。Ⅱ.數(shù)詞的分類類別用法例詞基數(shù)詞1—12:獨(dú)立成詞one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19:詞尾＋teenthirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90:詞尾＋tytwenty,thirty,

forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety十位和個(gè)位用“-”連接twenty-one,thirty-two類別用法例詞

基數(shù)詞十位和個(gè)位之間用“-”連接；百位和個(gè)位或十位之間用“and”連接；千位和百位之間用“,”連接21:twenty-one101:onehundredandone121:onehundredandtwenty-one1,121:onethousand,onehundredandtwenty-one10,121:tenthousand,onehundredandtwenty-one101,121:onehundredandonethousand,onehundredandtwenty-one1,001,121:onemillion,onethousand,onehundredandtwenty-one續(xù)表類別用法例詞序數(shù)詞第1至第3:形式各異first/1st,second/2nd,third/3rd第4至第19:“基數(shù)詞＋th”fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth第20至第90:變y為iethtwentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth只變個(gè)位基數(shù)詞為序數(shù)詞twenty-first,thirty-second,forty-third,fifty-fourth,sixty-fifth,seventy-sixthonehundredth,onehundredandfirst,onehundredandtwenty-second,onethousand,threehundredandthirty-third續(xù)表Ⅲ.與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的其他表示法分?jǐn)?shù)分子基數(shù)詞，分母序數(shù)詞；分子大于1，分母加“s”，分母若是2和4，可用half和quarter代替★分?jǐn)?shù)還可用…outof…或…in…來表示單位數(shù)hundred、thousand、million、billion、dozen、score表示確切數(shù)目時(shí)不加-s，但若表示不確切數(shù)目時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，與of構(gòu)成短語一萬：tenthousand；成千上萬的:tensofthousandsof；兩打雞蛋:twodozeneggs年代表示“某人幾十歲”時(shí)，用“inone's＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”，“十幾歲”不可表示為tens，而要說成teens；表示“……世紀(jì)……年代”時(shí)，用“inthe＋逢十的年數(shù)后加s或's”inhistwenties在他二十多歲時(shí)；inthe1990s/1990's在20世紀(jì)90年代續(xù)表思維導(dǎo)圖主謂一致考點(diǎn)精講Ⅰ.主謂一致的概念：英語句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致，這就叫作主謂一致。Ⅱ.主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則、邏輯意義一致原則和就近/遠(yuǎn)一致原則。原則規(guī)則例句語法一致原則以單數(shù)名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式★由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Herfatherisnow86andinfragilehealth.Toseeistobelieve.Swimmingonahotdayisagreatpleasure.Whatshesaidisanout-and-outlie.WhatJohnneededweretwooldmagazines.Whatyourfathersaysanddoesarehelpfulforyou.原則規(guī)則例句語法一致原則①由連接詞and或both…and連接的主語后，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式★但所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式②由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前分別有no、each、every或morethana(n)/one、manya(n)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。“no/either/neither/each/every＋單數(shù)名詞”和由no、some、any、every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待★若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)形式；若后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式都可以Thecompanyandherpartnersarehelpingtorebuildroadsandbridgesandbuildings.Themusicianandwriterhaschangedhismind.Nomanandnoanimalhasbeenfoundonthemoon.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenthemovie.Eachpersonweighs56kg.Somebodyisholdingyourwifehostage.Iseverythingallright?Noneoftheworkwasdone.Noneofthepassengershas/havebeenbadlyhurt.續(xù)表原則規(guī)則例句

語法一致原則在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that、who、which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致Heisoneofthestudentswhohavewonascholarship.Heisthe

(only)

oneofthestudentswhohasbeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致ItisIwhoamgoingtoBeijingnextTuesday.ItiswewhoaregoingtoBeijingnextTuesday.如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指的是集體中的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Hisfamilyisabigone.(他的一家)Hisfamilyareopposedtothemarriage.(他的家人)續(xù)表原則規(guī)則例句語法一致原則由“alotof/lotsof/plentyof/therestof/themajorityof＋名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)＋名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中名詞的數(shù)而定★“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”有類似的用法(用復(fù)數(shù)形式)，但“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)依number而定(用單數(shù)形式)Thereisplentyoffizzandsparkleintheshow.Aquarterofcurrentinmateshavecommittedviolentcrimes.Anumberofroadshavebeenblockedbyfallenleaves.Thenumberofhomelesspeoplehasincreaseddramatically.在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致Onthewallisthefamilycrest.Gonearethedayswhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.續(xù)表原則規(guī)則例句邏輯意義一致原則what、who、which、any、more、all等代詞可以表單數(shù)，也可以表復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)主要靠意思來決定Whoisyourfavouritewriter?Whoaretheprimarycarers?Allisnotgoldthatglitters.Notallthedoctorsareskilledinhelpingtheirpatientsmakechoices.表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體★若強(qiáng)調(diào)這類詞的復(fù)數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式Fortymilesisashortdriveinacarbutalmostawholeday'srunningforus.Thirtykilosofapplesareconsumedinourcanteeneveryweek.續(xù)表原則規(guī)則例句邏輯意義一致原則

若主語是書名、格言、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式Little

Women

isanovelbyanAmericanwriter.TheUnitedStateshasrefusedhimavisa.“a(n)＋名詞單數(shù)＋and＋ahalf”的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“oneandahalf＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可Anhourandahalfisallowedfortheexam.Oneandahalfhoursis/areallowedfortheexam.以-ics結(jié)尾的一些學(xué)科名詞，如：mathematics、politics、physics以及news、works等都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)的名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式Politicsinfluencesallaspectsofourlives.Thenewsisnotyetofficial.續(xù)表續(xù)表原則規(guī)則例句邏輯意義一致原則trousers、glasses、shoes、clothes、scissors(剪刀)等名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果這些名詞前有a/thepairof等量詞修飾時(shí)(clothes被asuitof修飾)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Theshoesaretootight.Anewsuitofclotheshasbeenpreparedforyourwedding.“the＋形容詞或分詞”表示某一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若表示某一類東西時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Theyoungarericher,healthier,better-educatedandfreerthantheirparents.Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthegood.續(xù)表原則規(guī)則例句就近/遠(yuǎn)一致原則當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso、whether…or連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語保持一致，即就近一致Eitherheoryouareresponsible.Eitheryouorheisresponsible.Iseitherheoryouresponsible?therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞