專升本英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷79

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Thephysicistinvestigatingtherelationshipbetweentimeandspace,thechemist

exploringthepropertiesofanewsubstance,thebiologistprobingthemysteriesofthe

continuityoflife,andtheanthropologist（人類學(xué)家）searchingforhumanoriginssharea

commontrait,curiosity.Notthatnon-scientistsarenotcurious;mostpeoplepossessthis

characteristic.Thescientist,however,usesaspecificmethodtomakeresearchesinto

theseenigmaticproblems—thescientificmethod.Unfortunately,scienceanditsmethod

arcmisunderstood.Themultiplicationofourknowledgeinmedicineandtechnologyhas

ledtotheideathatsciencecancureallandexplainallandthatonlyenoughtime,money

andintelligenceareneeded.Intruth,sciencecannotprovideallanswers.Infact,many

phenomenaarenotevensubjecttoscientificexplanations.Ontheothersideofthecoin,

sciencehasbeenattackedasacauseofmostcontemporaryproblems.Itissaidtobe

responsibleforthedepersonalization（使失夫個(gè)性）oftheindividual,forstripping（奪夫）

creativityfromhumanbehavior,andforcreatingmassivethreatstothespeciesthrough

thedevelopmentofnuclearpower,insecticides,andpollutingmachinery.Ifweanalyze

thesituationwecanseethatitwasnottheoriginalintentofthepeoplewhodeveloped

computerstodebasehumankind,norwasmassproductionproposedasamethodtocrush

creativity.Itiswhatsociety,policymakersespecially,doeswithscientificachievements

thatmakesthemsocialorantisocial.Thereisnothinginherentlygoodorbadabout

science.

1、Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A^Scientistsandtheircuriosity.

B、Scienceandscientificmethod.

C、Understandingsofscience.

D^Misunderstandingsofscience.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中“Unfortunately,scienceanditsmethodare

misunderstood”，故選D。

2、ThelastsentenceofPara.2couldbeexplainedasv/hichofthefollowing?

A、Manyphenomenacanbesubjectsofscientificexplanations.

B、Manyphenomenacanfindanswersinscientificexplanations.

C>Scientificexplanationscannotprovideanswerstomanyphenomena.

D、Scientificexplanationsarenotrelatedtomanyphenomena.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句"Intruth,sciencecarmolprovideall

answers.Infact,manyphenomenaarenotevensubjecttoscientificexplanations,“可

知C項(xiàng)句子與其相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選C。

3、Theexpression"todebasehumankind"inPara.3couldbeexplainedas.

A、toprovidebasetohumankind

B、toreducethevalueofhumankind

C、togetridofhumankind

D^tocompetewithhumankind

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)文章第三段中“Ifweanalyzethesituationwecanseethatitwasnot

theoriginalintentofthepeoplewhodevelopedcomputerstodebasehumankind,nor

wasmassproductionproposedasamethodtocrushcreativity”,其中debase意為“降

低……的價(jià)值；敗壞……的名譽(yù)可知B為正確答案。

4、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingwillbeacceptedbythe

author?

A、Scienceisthecauseofmodernproblems.

R、Scienceitselfisneithergoodnorhad.

C>Scienceleadstoenvironmentalpollution.

D、Sciencecausesmanyantisocialacts.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句話“Itiswhatsociety,policymakersespecially,docs

withscientificachievementsthatmakesthemsocialorantisocial.Thereisnothing

inherentlygoodorbadaboutscience”,可知B為正確答案。

5、Intheexpression"Ontheothersideofthecoin"inPara.3"thecoin"isusedtorefer

to.

A、themisunderstandingscience

B、thescientificexplanation

C、themoneyneededinscientificresearch

D、thecuriosityofscientistsandnon-scienlists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)“ontheothersideofthecoin”上下文可知，講的是科學(xué)的另一方

面（不好的方面），可知A為正確答案。

Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealth

andwealthandtheothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomes

miserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,and

events,andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfix

theirattentionontheconveniencesofthings,thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewcll-

prepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewines,andthefineweather.Theyenjoyallthe

cheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.

Therefore,theyarecontinuallydiscontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresof

society,offendmanypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturn

ofmindwerefoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.

Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation.It

growsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybe

curedwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.

Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.

Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousconsequencesinlife,

sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers,nobody

lovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessand

respect,andscarcelythat.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawstheminto

arguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune,nobodywishes

themsuccess.Norwillanyonespeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringon

themselvespublicdisapproval,noonewilldefendorexcusethem.Thesepeopleshould

changethisbadhabit.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwith

them.

6、Peoplewhoaretobeunhappy.

A^alwaysconsiderthingsdifferentlyfromothers

B>areusuallyinfluencedbytheresultsofcertainthings

C、candiscovertheunpleasantpartofcertainthings

D^usuallyhaveafault-findinghabit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞unhappy定位到第二段第三句Thosewhoaretobe

unhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.可知,不快樂(lè)的人的表現(xiàn)是,他

們總是看到或關(guān)注事物的負(fù)面，愛挑毛病。因此選項(xiàng)D與文意相符。

7、Whenthoseunhappypeoplemeetothers,theywill.

A、haveagoodtasteofthepleasuresofsociety

B、feeldepressedaboutthepleasuresofsociety

C^behappywiththepleasuresofsociety

D、enjoythepleasuresofsociety

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞unhappy,定位到文章第二段第三句。通過(guò)本段接下來(lái)

對(duì)不快樂(lè)的人的描述可知，他們會(huì)使原本愉快的社交活動(dòng)變得不愉快。因此，選項(xiàng)

B符合文意。

8、Accordingtothepassage,itcanbesafelysaidthat.

A^iftheyrealizethehaimfulncssoftheirhabitstheunhappypeoplemaygetridofit

B、ifpeopleareinmisery,theywillbecriticalabouteverything

C^weshouldnotpitytheseunhappypeoplefortheirself-criticism

D^theseunhappypeoplearcnotcontentwithanythingtheyhave

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第三句Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecured

whenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.可

知，當(dāng)有這種習(xí)慣的人認(rèn)識(shí)到這種態(tài)度給他們帶來(lái)的不良影響時(shí)，他們也許會(huì)改掉

這種毛病。

9、"Andscarcelythat"inthelastparagraphmeans.

A、justlikethat

B、almostnotlikethat

C^morethanthat

D、notatalllikethat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：scarcely表示“幾乎不是，幾乎沒(méi)有''或是“幾乎還沒(méi)”的意思，只有否

定意義。因此，選項(xiàng)中只有B符合文意。

10、Ifsuchunhappypersonsdon'tchangetheirbadbehavior,theauthorssuggeststhat

people.

A、avoidcontactingwiththem

B、criticizetheirmisconduct

C、helpthemrecognizeitshadeffects

D、shownorespectandpolitenesstothem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題十關(guān)鍵詞change和badbehavior定位到全文最后兩句These

peopleshouldchangethisbadhabit.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoid

anycontactwiththem.可知，作者建議人們對(duì)這樣的人最好采取回避的態(tài)度。題干

中的badbehavior是文斗1badhabit的轉(zhuǎn)述。

Supposewcbuiltarobot（機(jī)器人）toexploretheplanetMars.Wcprovidetherobotwith

seeingdetectorstokeepitawayfromdanger.Itispoweredentirelybythesun.Should

wcprogramtherobottobeequallyactiveatalltimes?No.Therobotwouldbeusingup

energyatatimewhenitwasnotreceivingany.Sowewouldprobablyprogramitto

ceaseitsactivityatnightandtowakeupatdawnthenextmorning.Accordingtothe

evolutionarytheoryofsleep,evolutionequippeduswitharegularpatternofsleepingand

wakingforthesamereason.Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessomeimportant

restorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperformthose

functionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossiblydangerous.However,

sleepprotectsusonlyfromthesortoftroublewcmightwalkinto;itdocsnotprotectus

fromtroublethatcomeslookingfbrus.Sowesleepwellwhenweareinafamiliar,safe

place,butwesleeplightly,ifatall,whenwefearthatbearswillnoseintothetent.The

evolutionarytheoryaccountswellfordifferencesinsleepamongcreatures.Whydocats,

forinstance,sleepsomuch,whilehorsessleepsolittle?Surelycatsdonotneedfive

timesasmuchrepairandrestorationashorsesdo.Butcatscanaffordtohavelong

periodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandareunlikelytobeattacked

whiletheysleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhat

theyeatisverylowinenergyvalue.Moreover,theycannotaffordtosleeptoolongor

toodeeply,becausetheirsurvivaldependsontheirabilitytorunawayfromattackers.

11、Theauthorusestheexampleoftherobotinspaceexplorationtotellus.

A、thedifferencebetweenrobotsandmen

B、thereasonwhymenneedtosleep

C、abouttheneedforrobotstosavepower

D、aboutthedangerofmenworkingatnight

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過(guò)閱讀文章可知作者通過(guò)引用機(jī)器人探索太空的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明機(jī)器人

也需要休息來(lái)進(jìn)行能量補(bǔ)充，從而引出下面的話題，說(shuō)明人類為什么需要睡眠，故

選Bo

12>Evolutionhasprogrammedmantosleepatnightchieflytohelphim.

ANmaintainaregularpatternoflife

B、preventtroublethatcomeslookingforhim

C>avoiddangerandinefficientlabor

D、restorehisbodilyfunctions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中：Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessome

importantrestorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedusto

performthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossibly

dangerous,可知人們?cè)谝归g休息主要是因?yàn)橥黹g活動(dòng)效率低下，而且可能很危

險(xiǎn)。故C正確。

13、Accordingtotheauthor,wecannotsleepwellwhenwe.

A、areworryingaboutoursafety

B、areoverworked

C、areinatent

D、areawayfromhome

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段最后一句指出在一個(gè)熟悉、安全的地方我們能夠睡得很

好，但當(dāng)擔(dān)心會(huì)有野熊襲擊時(shí)就會(huì)睡得很輕，即當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心安全問(wèn)題時(shí)就會(huì)睡不

好。故選A。

14、Catssleepmuchmorethanhorsesdopartlybecausecats.

A、needmoretimeforrestoration

B、areunlikelytobeattacked

C、arcmuicactiveIlianhursebwhentheyaicawake

D、spendlesstimeeatingtogetenoughenergy

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)文章第三段中Butcalscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivity

becausetheyspendlittle(imeeatingandareunlikelytobeattackedwhilethey

sleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhattheyealis

verylowinenergyvalue,可知D為正確答案。

15>Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Evolutionhasequippedallcreatureswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwaking.

B、Thestudyofsleepisanimportantpartoftheevolutionarytheory.

C、Sleepingpatternsmustbetakenintoconsiderationinthedesigningofrobots.

D、Thesleepingpatternofalivingcreatureisdeterminedbythefooditeats.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A-'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過(guò)理解全文可知文章主要講了進(jìn)化論使所有生物都有一個(gè)固定的體

息和工作模式。只有A項(xiàng)描述與主旨貼近。故選A。

"Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it'sagirl."Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaning

andbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeel

pridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbe

goodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehad

considerableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycarefbrchildrenandspend

littletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforward

tochildrenfbrsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatboth

husbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.Whateverthereactiontothe

birthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisa

difficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthis

re-socializationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmerican

mothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleofafather.Itisarguedbysome

writersthatthetransitiontothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatas

thetransitionthewifemustmaketothemother'srole.Themother'sroleseemstorequire

acompletetransiormationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation,ontheother

hand,thefather'sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwe

mentionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,the

fatherisstillthoughthymanyasthebread-winnerinthehousehold.

16、Accordingtotheauthor,beingafather.

A、bringsafeelingofexcitementtosomemen

B、hasadifferentmeaningforthosewhohavedaughters

C、makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

D、meansnothingbutmoreresponsibilities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,while

othersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers,可知當(dāng)知道自己快要成

為父親時(shí)，有些男人會(huì)感到很自豪，而有些男人卻會(huì)感到擔(dān)憂、不自在，故C為

正確答案。

17、Itisstatedinthepassagethat.

A、someparentsarenotpreparedtohaveachild

B、youngcouplesdonotlikechildrenatall

C、workingcouplesdonothavemuchtimetotakecareoftheirchildren

D^manyparentslookforwardtohavingaboyastheirfirstchild

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話Forothercouples,pregnancy(懷孕)wasan

accidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly,可知有些

夫婦還沒(méi)有做好生小孩的思想準(zhǔn)備，故A為正確答案。

18、Inthesecondparagraph,theauthor.

A^criticizesfathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilitiesinbringinguptheirchildren

B>excusestheAmericanwritersforignoringthedifficultiesofbeingafather

C^supportstheideathatthechiefroleofafatheristoearnmoneyforthefamily

D^complainsaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelphusbandsadjustthemselvesto

beingafather

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段提到“Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenand

mayhavehad...spendlittletimewiththem.”可知作者持批評(píng)態(tài)度，故選A。

19、Thetransitiontothemother'srolerequiresthatthewife.

A、changeherlifestyleinahighlyinnovativeway

B、makeacompletechangeinhereverydaylifetodealwiththenewsituation

C、stayathometotakecareofthebaby

D、helpherhusbandinhisre-socializationprocess

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第四段中Themother'sroleseemstorequireacomplete

transformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation,故選B。

20、Somewritersarguethatwithrespecttothechangeofroles,fathers,comparedwith

mothers,_________

A、havetoshouldermoreburdens

B、havetomakemoredifficultadaptations

C、haveaneasierjobtodo

D、canusuallydoabetterjob

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthe

transitiontothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthetransition

thewifemustmaketothemother'srole,可知與母親這一角色相比，父親的工作相比

較容易一些，故C為正確答案。

Underproperconditions,soundwaveswillbereflectedfromahillsideorothersuch

obstruction.Soundtravelsattherateofaboutone-fifthofamilepersecond.Ifthehillis

elevenhundredfeetaway,ittakestwosecondsfbrthesoundtotraveltothehilland

back.Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasoundanditsreflection(theecho),youcan

estimatethedistancetoanobstruction.DuringWorldWarIItheBritishusedapractical

applicationofthisprincipletodetectGermanplanesontheirwaytobombLondonlong

beforetheenemywasnearthetarget.Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,

sinceradiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds.TheoutnumberedRoyalAirForce(RAF)

alwaysseemedtothepuzzledGermanstobelyinginwaitattherighttimeandneverto

besurprised.Itwasradioechoesmoretitananything