備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破

都融M國旨感意愿

新高考卷全國卷

2022202120222021

卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷

細(xì)節(jié)理解

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題

推理判斷

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題

詞義猜測

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題

主旨大意

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題

主旨大意

主旨大意題主要考查考生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片段)中心思想或標(biāo)題的概括。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)

通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時注意文章的主題句，因?yàn)橹黝}句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想，而其

他句子均圍繞主題句展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句處，但有時也位于段

落中間(通常是第一段或最后一段的中間)。主旨大意題的考查形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段意、中

心思想等。

常見的設(shè)問方式有：

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthe...paragraphmainlyabout?

Whatis(hebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

技巧1速讀文章，明確主題

速讀文章，抓住文章主題句或關(guān)鍵詞。考生應(yīng)抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫主題詞。

(1)、主題句的特征

①、首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時，例子或假設(shè)后面的內(nèi)容往往體現(xiàn)文章主旨；

②、作者有意識地反復(fù)陳述的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞或短語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞；

③、段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞或短語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時，該詞或短語后的句子很可能是主

題句。

(2)、尋找主題句

①、主題句在段首

主題句在段首的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是先點(diǎn)明主題，然后圍繞這一主題進(jìn)行分析，用演繹法闡述觀點(diǎn)。在議論文、科

技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報道中多采用這種方式。

②、主題句在段中

當(dāng)主題句被安排在段落中間時，通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引

申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、論證或展開。

③、主題句在段尾

主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。

［全國I2020-D］Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recent

studieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreener

areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【解析】根據(jù)第一段中的positive及所舉的兩個例子（綠化的區(qū)城犯罪率低以及綠植多的辦公區(qū)城員工的工

效率更高）可如，未段主要介紹的是綠色植物給人們帶的處。故選D項(xiàng)。

技巧2瞻首顧尾，定位中心句

每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句成為該段主題句的概行往往最大。將首段的中心句與各段第一句

串聯(lián)在一起，常?？梢缘贸鑫恼碌闹行乃枷搿４送?，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)也有助于定位中心句。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有

按時間順序組織的結(jié)構(gòu)或“分述…一總說”結(jié)構(gòu)。按時間先后順序說明某一件事或某一理論的發(fā)展過程的文

章,主題句通常在首段或末段；采用“分述--總說”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，前幾段分述，末段總結(jié)，這類文章主題句

常在末段。

［全國II2020B1

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh—techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssa:dpuzzles

helpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringevery-dayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage

ThefindingswerepublishedirthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.

【解析】本文主要圍繞一項(xiàng)研究展開說明，具體介紹了它的研究對象、研究方法及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后還提到

其研究結(jié)論被發(fā)表在一本學(xué)術(shù)刊物上。故選B項(xiàng)。

技巧3確定概括范圍，關(guān)注題目特點(diǎn)

主旨大意題的答案設(shè)置分為兩類。一類是文章有一個明確的主題句，正確選項(xiàng)往往是它的同義轉(zhuǎn)述句。

做這類題時，首先要找出文章的主題句，這樣就明確了文章要講什么，再通讀全文，就可以把握文章的中

心思想了。由于文章內(nèi)容和體裁的不同，作者的寫作手法也不盡相同，因而主題句在文章中出現(xiàn)的位置也

不固定。另一類是文章中沒有可概括全文的中心句，主題句隱含在全文當(dāng)中。閱讀這樣的文章時，考生應(yīng)

根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析、概括，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨大意。

［?！縏wofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorth

andtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meters

wide,providingfbrtwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.

Intheupperpartofthetunnel,twoairconditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeep

thequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.There

willalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlyby

drivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofcoveringand,on（heinsideofthe

tunnel,aconcretelining.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theconstructionoftwolanes.B.Thefunctionofaroad.

C.Thesolutiontocars'pollution.D.Thedesignoftwotunnels.

【解析】本段沒有主題句，考生需要對文章進(jìn)行整體概括?？忌鷳?yīng)多注意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞the

tunnel

再結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容，可以推斷出本文上要講述的是隧道的設(shè)計。故選D項(xiàng)。

Passage1

本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問題。

（2022?全國?高考甲卷真題）Sometimeintheearly1960s.asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.

Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother.Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortof

there—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

merningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewent

ourseparateways—hefbralunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

'THmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?"Iasked.

"Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant.Endthey5re

notfimtopilot.Butthat'sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（II弓），andtraditionsare

increasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.4tSydncyisconfusedaboutitself?'she

said."Wecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthat

wearen'tgettinganybetteratresolving（解決）.”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.4tManypeoplesaythatwclackcultureinthiscountry/'hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,the

Greekssome30（X）years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwitha

driveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It'saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan'lhelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

Passage2

本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼'’的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵

路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。

（2022?全國?高考乙卷真題）Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityof

railwaysand,atthesamelime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikely

fiiturcofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky''technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrail

tracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesame

thingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchas（hecorrectpositionofrailway

tracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityand

on-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficiem（高效）across

theboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructureThatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,

detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,drones

fbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthe

future.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmall

droneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheir

abilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedv/ithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

Passage3

本文一篇說明文。為解決司機(jī)在開車時使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法

者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時候是否使用了手機(jī)。

（2022?全國新高考II卷真題）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,and

publicsenicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhen

theyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心'）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas,"hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbackto

anoldapproach:Theywantto（reatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingaithesceneofacrashcouldaskfor（hephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriver

hadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,“saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedfbr

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoing

tobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

Passage1（2022?江西?一模）

Discussionsabouttheimpactoffalsenewsoftencenteronourpreferenceofconfirmation:wetendtobelieve

andsharethingsthatfitwithourpriorbeliefs.Anewstudyfindsthatwe'repoorjudgesoftruthfulnessevenwhen

wccan'ttrustaparticularsource—andweoverestimateourpowersofjudgment.

Inthreeexperiments,theresearchersaskedparticipantstorecordtwoshortvideos,onetodescribeareal-life

newseventandonetomakeupanevent.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetarewardifviewersthought（hatthe

eventsdescribedineithervideoweretrue.Viewers,fortheirpart,werepaidbothforaccuracyandforconectly

estimatingtheiraccuracy.

Acrossalltheexperiments,viewers'abilitytodistinguishliesfromtruthstayedatorjustabove50%,just

likeflipping（拋）acointodecide.Theybelievedfalsevideosanddoubtedtrueones.Morethan65%ofmenand

61%ofwomenthoughtthey'dperformedbetterthantheyactuallyhad.

Inoneoftheexperiments,theresearchersexploredwhethercertainbehaviorsexhibitedinthevideoswere

associatedwithlying.Thispointed:oseveralclues,andanalysissuggestedthatviewersnoticedtheclues,butthey

tendedtointerprettheminthewrongdirection.Forexample,theyjudgedwordiervideostobetrue.

Inthefinalexperiment,someviewerswereshowneightvideos,includingonesharedbyapreviousviewer

becauseheorshefoundittobeinterestingandbelievable.Theyselectedoneoftheeighttowatchandassessfbr

truthfulness.Knowingthatavideohadbeensharedgreatlyincreasedthechancesthatparticipantswouldchooseit

towatch,andtheybelievedwhatthepreviousviewerhadthoughttobetrue.Actuallymostofthesharedvideos

werefalseandhadbeenmisjudgedbythefirstviewers.

“Thecombinationofoverconfidenceandbeingbadatdetectinglies,withanoverrelianceonsharedcontent,

mayexplainwhyfakenewsissoprominentandinfluential,theresearcherswrite.

1.Howdopeoplejudgefalsenewsaccordingtothenewstudy?

A.Onthebasisofcarefulresearch.B.Accordingtopersonalpreferences.

C.Basedontheinfluenceofthenews.D.Afterattendingagroupdiscussion.

2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsintheexperiments?

A.Mostofthemperformedbetterthanexpected.B.Someofthemflippedcoinstomakeajudgment.

C.Theytendedtoseethecluesintheoppositeway.D.Theymadegoodjudgmentwhengivengoodclues.

3.Whataffectedthejudgmentof'someparticipantsinthefinalexperiment?

A.Theopinionsofpreviousviewers.B.Theirabilitytotellliesfromtruth.

C.Thenumberofvideosofferedtothem.D.Thenatureofthebehaviorsinthevideos.

4.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Itsimportanttotellfalsenewsfromrealnews.B.Sharedvideosusuallycanymisjudgednews.

C.Falsenewsismadebycombiningseveralforces.D.Preferencesdetermineourjudgmentoffakenews.

Passage2（2022?青海?模擬預(yù)測）

AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDebrishassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy（仿造的）

satellite,simulating（模擬）atechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebomegarbage.

Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspace

cleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsignalsanearlysteptowarddealingwithwhatisalreadyakey

problem:rubbishinspace.

Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbit,theresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfew

regulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancause

seriousdamage.

Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemost

crowdedarea.

TheRemoveDebrisexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheUK'sSurreySpaceCentre

andincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliieTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.

GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCentre,saidthatanoperationalversionofthe

RemoveDebristechnologywouldcastoutanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbe

draggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto1Ometerslong.

TheRemoveDebrissatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtesting

navigationsystemsthatcouldhelpguide（hesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,an

astrophysicistattheHarvardSmithsonianCentrefbrAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwas

exciting,buthecautionedagainst“over-publicizing”it.Therearestillbigbarrierstoclearbeforeoperational

cleanuptaskswillbeunderway,hesaid,andthebiggestchallengeisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.

Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDcbrisproject,said“thechallengewillbeto

convincetherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks”.AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDebriswillconductafew

cleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofrubbishinthemostcrowdedorbits.Agliettiishopeful.

5.WhatatlraclspeopletoinventRemoveDebris?

A.Exploringspace.B.Testinganorbit.

C.Cleaningsatellites.D.Removingwasteinspace.

6.HowdoestheRemoveDebriswork?

A.Itthrowsanettotakejunkfromorbit.B.Itfastensjunktothemainsatellite.

C.Ittargetslargepiecesofjunkcarefully.D.Itdragsjunkupto10meterslong.

7.WhatdoweknowaboutRemoveDebris?

A.Itissuccessfulincleanuptasks.B.Itstillneedstobebroadcastedwidely.

C.Itshouldgetsomefinancialhelpfromauthorities.D.Ithelpsresearcherstofindaspecificjunk.

8.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.SpaceGarbageCausesSevereDamageB.ResearchersAdvertiseWasteCollectingSatellite

C.AuthoritiesSponsorRemoveDebrisProjectD.SatelliteFirstTimeCollectsWaste

Passage3（2022?陜西西安?一模）

Youprobablydon'tthinkofscientificormedicalinstrumentsasthekindofinstrumentsthatactuallymake

music.Butnowresearchershavebuiltascientificinstrumentspecificallydesignedtodetectcounterfeit（偽造的）

medicationsthroughsound.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesabout10percentofthemedicationsinlowandmiddle-income

countriesarefakes.Sometimes,dangerousones.Sotheideahereistofillthetubewithasamplethat'sknownto

besafe.Thencompareittoabottleyou'renotsosureabout.

“Ifyougetthesamepitch（音高）outofthosetwosamples,it'sverygoodevidencethatthey'reprobablythe

samematerial,andthesuspectsubstanceisasafedrugtotake.Butifyougetadifferentpitchoutofthetwo

samples,that'sabsoluteproofthatthosetwosamplesarcchemicallydifferent.Andthatshowsyouthere's

somethingwrongwiththesampleyouweregivenandyouprobablyshouldn'ttakeit.”

Theinstrumentisdesignedtotestonlyliquidsamplesfornow.Andwhilethehumanearissensitiveenough

tohearthedifferencebetweensamplesofairandwater,thedifferencebetweenarealandacounterfeitdrugmight

beimperceptibletoourears.SoGroverbuiltafreewebsitewhereuserscanuploadrecordingsof（heinstrument,

fromiheirsmanphoneorcomputer,andanalyzeihehenz.Thenrepeatitwith（hesuspectsample.

...inthehopeofinspiringpeoplearoundtheworldtobuildthesethingsthemselves."1canliterallymakeone

oftheseoutofjunkinyourgarageinaboutfiveminutesprobably.Thehardestthingtocomebyistubing.Wc'vc

madethemoutofbentcoppertubinglikeyougetoutofaradiator.Justjunk,lyingaround.It5sremarkablehow

easytheyaretomake.Mydreamwouldbetohavetheinstructionsformakingthemandusingthemsharedas

widelyaspossible.^^

Itis,admittedly,aprettyconvincingpitch.

9.What'sthepassagemainlyaboi”?

A.Ascientificinstrument.B.Aprettyconvincingtube.

C.Asuspectsample.D.Adangerousinstrument.

10.Whal'sthefunctionoftheinstrumentaccordingtothepassage?

A.Togivethebuyermoredrugsasagift.B.Tomakethewonderfulmusic.

C.Tocarrytheliquid.D.Totestfakemedicationsthroughsound.

11.Wherecanyougetthematerialtobuildthiskindofscientificinstrument?

A.Thejunkin(hegarage.B.Thejunkinthedrugstore.

C.Thejunkinthesupermarket.D.Thejunkinthefactoiy.

12.Whatcanwclearnabouttheinstrumentfromthepassage?

A.Everyonecanmakeiteasily.B.Itcanplaythemusicyoulike.

C.Thereisalongwaytogo.D.Itiswidelyusedtotestmedicine.

Passage4(2022?寧夏?平羅中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測)

Whenyouwereatschool,wereyouevertoldtostopdaydreamingandconcentrate?Itwaseasyforyour

mindtowanderifyouweren'tinterestedinwhatyouwerelearningorifyouhadbetterthingstothinkabout.

Stayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlife,butunderstandinghowtodoit,andknowingwhatis

distractingyou,canhelp.

Scientistshavelookedatwhatmakesusdelayandfoundanumberofwaystohelpusslayin(hezone.One

ofthemostobviousthingsiseliminatingnoise.ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundsilenceisbestfor

concentration,oragentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopnoiseisgreat!Italsofoundturningoffnotifications

onyourphone,orswitchingitoffaltogether,removesamajordistractionandhelpsusfbcusonthetaskathand.

Anotherpossiblecureforashortattentionspanisbrain(raining.Psychologistsandneuroscientistsare

increasinglyinterestedinourabilitytosettledownandhavelookedatwhatwecanchangeinsideouiheadto

makeusconcentrate.AnarticlefbrBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamssaysthat44AttentionResearcherNilliLavie

ofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemandingtakesupmoreprocessing

powerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions."So,keepingyourmindbusymightbetheanswer.

Therearcmorepracticaltipstokeepingyourmindfocused.Theseincludemakingalistortimetableofthe

tasksyouhavetodo,findingaworkspacewhereyou'renottemptedtodootherthings,orchewingsomegum!It's

possiblethemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistracted.

ButaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazine,distractionisn'tallbad."Ifwewerealwayssofocusedthatwe

nevergotdistracted,we'dmisspotentialchanges,suchasthreats,inourenvironment.Distractionisvitalfor

survival”

13.Whichofthefollowingplacesisbettertomakeyoukeepfocusedaccordingtotheresearch?

A.Anunquietlibraiy.B.Acrowdedhall.

C.Aclassroomwithloudnoise.D.Acafewithsoftmusic.

14.Whydoestheauthorsuggestkeepingourmindbusy?

A.Tointroduceamentalrecovery.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Totrainourbraintoconcentrate.D.Torecommendanintelligenttrain.

15.WhatisScienceFocusmagazine'sattitudetodistraction?

A.Contradictory.B.All-sided.C.Doubtful.D.Puzzling.

16.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowcostayfocusedB.Theharmofdistraction

C.TheBenefitsofkeepingfocusedD.Theresearchaboutdistraction

Passage5（2022?廣西?南寧三中一模）

WhenyouthinkofChinesefoodintheUS,friedrice,orGeneralTso'schickenmayfirstcometomind.But

anewmuseumexhibitioninNewYorkCityistryingtoexpandvisitors,palates（味蕾）.Itfeaturesstoriesof

famouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesof

China.

“Ithinkit'sunfairtojustclassifyChinesecookingasone,“saysKianLamKho,anorganizerof"Sour,Sweet,

Bitter,Spicy:StoriesofChineseFoodandIdentityinAmerica“attheMuseumofChineseinAmerica.t4Evenwith

thesamedishorsamecuisine,everyfamilyhasadifferentvariation.''That'swhytheorganizerssayifyouwant

tolastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheUS,you'llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,

whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants'lives.

“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.That'stheoneplacewhereyouset

upasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast,“explainsAudraAng,another

Oneof（hehomecooksshowcasedintheexhibitionisNiBiying,80,ofManhattan.Sheworkedasalive-in

babysitterforyearsbeforeshecouldfinallyaffordtorentahomewi:hherownkitchen.Thesedays,youcan

usuallyfindhermovingaroundherone-bedroomapartmentasasweetsmellofvinegarandricewinefloatsfrom

herstove.ForNi,asmalldinnerfbrfriendsandfamilymeanspreparingalmostadozendifferentdishes.She

learnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily'smealswhenshewasachild.

stillmissthebeefwithstir-friedcelerymyfatherusedtocook,“shesays.Andit'sthekindofcomfortfoodthat

definesChinesefoodforNi.

17.Whatisthenewmuseumexhibitionmainlyabout?

A.Cuisineofdifferentcountries.B.Explorationoffamousrestaurants.

C.HistoryofChineseimmigration.D.StoriesofChinesefoodandcooks.

18.Whydocsthekitchenplayakeyroleinmanyimmigrants,lives?

A.Itprovidesawealthylife.B.Itbringsasenseofbelonging.

C.Ilhelps（hemtoacceptnewcultures.D.Ilenablesthemtoforgetthepast.

19.WhatcanwelearnaboutNiBiyingfromParagraph4?

A.SheworkedinaChineserestaurant.B.Shemademostmealsasachild.

C.Shelearnedcookingfromherfather.D.Sheliveswithabigfamily.

20.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CuisineGainsNewVariationsB.HomeCookingBringsMoretotheTabic

C.ImmigrantsSeekTheirFortuneintheUSD.ChineseRestaurantTellsImmigrantTales

Passage6（2022?江蘇省泰州市教育局模擬預(yù)測）

Abloodtestthataccuratelypredictsapatient'slikelihoodofdyingfromheartdiseaseorastroke（中風(fēng)）has

beendeveloped.

Researcherstooksamplesofbloodfrom22,949peopleandanalyzedthelevelsofabout5.000proteins

withinit.Theythenusedmachinelearningtodetectwhethertherewasalinkbetweentheproteinsthatcirculatein

aperson'sbloodstreamandtheirriskofheartdisease.Thestudyidentifiedaparticular“proteinsignature''that

accuratelypredictsthechanceofsufferingaheartattack,strokeorheartfailureoverafour-yearperiod.

Currently,doctorsassessthelikelihoodofpatientssufferingheartproblemsbylookingatfactorsincluding

weight,bloodpressure,ageandcholesterol（月旦固醇）levels.However,bloodproteinanalysiscanprovidemore

accuratecluestothestateofaperson'shealth.Thetechnologywasfoundtobetwiceasaccurateasexisting