20212022學年高一英語寒假開學檢測卷01（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AForthoselookingforwardtoexploringnaturalwonders,wewillpresentfournaturalwondersintheUSthatwebelieveareworthvisiting.DeathValleyNationalParkItisthelowest,hottest,anddriestpartofNorthAmerica.Thehottestsummeronrecordinthevalleysawtemperaturestop120oF.Groundtemperaturesashighas201oFhavebeenreported.Still,DeathValleyiscalledwiththewrongwords.Thereareareasthatarefriendlytoplantsandanimals.DeathValley’s“walking”rocksmoveontheirownasaresultoffreezingandthawing(解凍).YellowstoneNationalParkYellowstone’sOldFaithfulGeyserispoweredbyanundergroundsupervolcano.Thealmost3,500squaremileparkincludespartsofthestatesofWyoming,Idaho,andMontana.In1872Yellowstonebecametheworld’sfirstnationalpark.Thepark’swildlifeincludesbison,bears,andhundredsofotheranimals.CraterofDiamondsStateParkDiscoveredinCraterofDiamondsStatePark,the40.23lcaratUncleSamisthelargestdiamondeverfoundintheUS.Thediamondsandthecraterarebyproductsofavolcaniceruption.Visitorscansearchthe37.5lacresitefordiamondsandifyoufindityoukeepit.Hawai’iVolcanoesNationalParkLocatedontheBigIslandofHawaii,theKilaueaandMaunaLoavolcanoesarethecenterpiecesofHawai’iVolcanoesNationalPark.YoucanseehowtheHawaiianIslandswerebornandwatchtheBigIslandgetbigger.Kilaueahasbeeneruptingsince1983.1．WhatcanweknowaboutYellowstoneNationalPark?A．Itisacrossthreestates. B．Itisfamousforitsstones.C．ItisthedriestparkinAmerica. D．Itistheworld’sfirststonepark.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinCraterofDiamondsStateNark?A．Dohandwork. B．Lookforadiamond.C．Seeavolcaniceruption. D．Admirethelargestdiamond.3．Wherecanyoulearnmoreaboutislands?A．InDeathValleyNationalPark. B．InYellowstonePark.C．InCraterofDiamondsStatePark. D．InHawai’iVolcanoesNationalPark.BWhetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobeealotmoremoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotpanyJibo.Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikepanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad,Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonepanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thepany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakeremendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.4．Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?A．Theycancontroltheiremotions. B．Theyaremorelikehumans.C．Theydothenormalhousework. D．Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.5．WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Takeyourfamilypicturesandshiprobots.B．Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C．Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.D．municatewithyouandperformoperations.6．WhatcanOshbotworkas?A．Alanguageteacher. B．Atourguide. C．Ashopassistant. D．Aprivatenurse.7．Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A．Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots. B．Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.C．Informationonhouseholdrobots. D．Anintroductiontosocialrobots.CMomsaidtheunforgettablewords,“Ihavecancer,”andgavemeatighthug.Icouldfeelherchestshakingasshetriednottocrybutfailed.Ifadulthoodisstartedinamoment,thatwasit.Forallofmytwentyfouryears,myMomhadbeenstrongandsupportive.Foramoment,Iwastheadult,andshewasthechild.AndIpromisedherwithasmilethatI’dhelpherthroughanything.Shortly,Momwasgivensurgeryandreceivedchemo.Weknewchemowouldtakeherhair,sobeforeitfellout,MomandIwentwigshoppingtogether.Wetriedoneverything.Momhadbeenwearingthesameshorthairforovertwodecades.Whensheputonashoulderlengthwig,Iheldmybreathandstared.Honestly,Ididn’trecognizemyownmother.Butthenshesmiled.IwentwithMomtoeverychemotreatment.DuringthetwohourIVdrips,shejokedaboutlife,medicalissuesandeventhepain.Wespokeonthephonealmostdaily.Sherarelyplained.“Cancercantakemyhair,myhealthandmylife.Butitcan’ttakemysmile.”shesaid.Momwasthemostsociablepatientthecancercentereverhad.Shemadehomemadenoodlesforthemedicalstaff.Shewasgratefultothehandsthattriedtohelpher.OnedaywhenIwenttovisither,IfoundMomsittingatthetabledoinghercrosswordpuzzlewithoutherwig.Shelookedupandsmiled.I’dneverseenastrongerormorebeautifulwoman.Monthslater,afterthefinalchemotreatment,weheldagraduationceremonyforMom.Momdidbeathercancer!Mostofall,IsawachangeinMom.Nothingafterwardseemedtoworryherquiteasmuch.Fromher,IlearnedImaynotgettochoosewhatIface,butIdogettochoosehowIfaceit.8．Howdidtheauthorrespondafterknowinghermother’scancer?A．Shefailedtoholdbackhertears. B．Shefeltlostandwasinapanic.C．Shewasgratefultohermother. D．Shefeltawaveofprotectiveness.9．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor’smother?A．Helpful. B．Optimistic. C．Smart. D．Unlucky.10．Whatdidtheauthor’smotherdoatthehospital?A．Shehelpedothersoutoftrouble. B．Shesharedherpersonalbelongings.C．Shechattedsocially. D．Shedidsomecookingforpatients.11．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’smother?A．Bebravetofacedifficulties. B．Trytomakewisechoices.C．Tryourbesttohelpothers. D．Workhardtowardourchoices.DHeatisakiller—andclimate(氣候)changeisdrivingupitsbodycount.Accordingtoanewstudy,about37percentofheatdeathscanbetiedbacktoclimatechange.Thestudylookedatdata(數(shù)據(jù))from732placesin43countries,from1991—2018.Theyusedinformationcollectedfromthoseplacestocounthowmanydeathswerecausedbyclimatechange.Thenumbersdiffereddependingonplaces,withalargernumberofclimatechangerelated(相關的)deathshappeninginwarmercountriesthancoolerones.Inall,about166,000peoplediedofheatbetween1998and2017.Thankstoclimatechange,morepeoplearebeingexposedtoheatwavesthaneverbefore.Butwhilehundredsofplaceswereincludedinthisnewstudy,manyareasofAfricaandSoutheastAsiawerenot,becausetherewasn’tdataoftheseplaces.Collectingthatinformationinthefuturewillbeextremelyimportantforneweffortstocreateaglobalaccountingofheatrelateddeathsandillnesses.“Thecountrieswherewedonothavethenecessaryhealthdataareoftenamongthepoorestandeasiesttobeaffectedbyclimatechange,”climatechangeresearcherDannMitchellwroteinanarticle.“Gettingthesedatawillbekeyforsciencetoprovidetheinformationneededtohelpthesecountriesadapt(適應).”“Wearethinkingabouttheseproblemsofclimatechangeassomethingthatthenextgenerationwillface,”saidAnaMaria,theleadauthorofthepaper.“It’ssomethingwearefacingalready.Wearethrowingstonesatourselves.”That’sinlinewithotherresearch,whichhasfoundthatclimatechangeisalreadyadisasterforhumanhealth.Olderpeopleareespeciallyeasytobeaffected.Someareasoftheplanetaregettinghitworsethanothers,withextremeconditionshappeningevenmoreoftenthanexpected.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exposed”inParagraph3probablymean?A．True. B．Addicted.C．Blind. D．Open.13．Whatwillresearchersmostprobablydo?A．Towarnpeopleofthechangingclimate.B．Tothinkofwaystokeepawayfromheat.C．ToprovidemoresheltersforAfricancountries.D．Togathermorehealthdatafrompoorcountries.14．WhatdoesAnaMariamean?A．Moreolderpeoplewilldie. B．Humansareruiningthemselves.C．Climatechangeisbeingworse. D．Thenextgenerationwillsuffermore.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ExtremeWeatherIsontheWayB．HumansAreFightingwithClimateChangeC．ClimateChangeIsLeadingtoMoreDeathsD．ClimateChangeIsGoingfromBadtoWorse第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）Iamluckyenoughtoliveinahousethathasawalledgarden.Infact,thiswasoneofthemainfeatureswhichencouragedustobuythishouse.16．.Apple,plum,andcherrytreesaregrowingwellhere.Sincewemovedin,wehavebeenturningthisareaintoaricherforestgarden.17．.Walledgardenscanbecreatedfromtheverybeginningusingrecyclablematerials.Theycanalsobecreatedinoldindustrialoragriculturalsites,wheretheroofsofstructuresarenolongeringoodrepair.Infact,ourwalledgardenwasmadefromanoldcattleshelter.Iliveinanareawheretemperaturescanfallaslowasaround5℃.18．Thestonewallshelpintemperatureregulation(控制).Plantsbenefitfromtheprotectedmicroclimateinthegardenallyearround.IfindIcansuccessfullygrowseveralplantsthatwouldnotusuallygrowwelloutdoors.Stonewallscanprovideaquieterspacethanothergardenssurroundedbyfences.Weliveinthecountrysidebutarenearabusyroad.Enterthisgarden,however,andwemightbeinadifferentworldprotectedfromtrafficnoiseandotheroutsidedistractions(使人分心的事).19．.Finally,itisalsoworthwhileconsideringthatwhenagardenissurroundedbywalls,itprovidesarangeofchoicesforvertical(垂直的)growing.20．Fruittreescanbetrainedtogrowupthewallstomakethemostofthespace.Thereareplantstochoosefromforeachwallofawalledgarden,eachofwhichoffersdifferentconditions.A．PeoplearelikelytoliveinawarmerplaceB．ThiswallcanturnthegardenintoaquietheavenC．SuchkindofplacescanmakeexcellentwallgardensD．ClimbersandsmallplantscanfindtheirplacesalongtheedgesE.ThestonewallsofthisgardenprotectedacollectionoffruittreesF.TheremaybeargumentsaboutwheretocreatewalledgardensG.However,thegardenwarmsmorequicklyinspringandcoolsmoreslowlyinautumn第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）“Yourgrandpawillbeheresoon.Joy,fixthesofa;Kris,dusttheradio,”Mom21us.“OK,Mom.Butthere’saproblem.HowcanwetellGrandpathatthetoasteris22again?”Iasked,feelinganxious.Mygrandpawasafixitguy.He23ashopwherethingswithflawsweretoberepaired.Yearsbefore,Grandpadiscoveredourtoasterwasoutof24pletely,andwecouldnotaffordanewoneduetothe25budgetthen.IwasexcitedwhenGrandpa26togetusanewone.27,Iforgot“new”meantsomethingdifferenttoGrandpa.Heoftenwenttofleamarketand28tofindsomeusedthingsandtookthemtohisshopforrepair.OnedayGrandpagotusatoaster.“Itwaswonderful.”Grandpasaid,hiseyesshiningwith29.Andwereadilyagreeditwas30.However,itdidn’ttakelongbeforethetoasterpletelybrokedown.Later,Grandpabroughtusanothertoaster,whichhadthesame31asthelastone.NowaswepreparedforGrandpa’s32,Krisasked,“Whydon’twejust33anewonesinceourfamilyconditionhasimproved?”“Yourgrandpaisn’tgoodatshowinghisfeelings.Fixingthingsforusishisonlywaytoshowhe34us,”Momsaid.HearingMom’swords,IdeterminedtotalkaboutthetoasterwithGrandpaagainandshowhowmuchwe35his“new”toaster.21．A．forted B．urged C．praised D．consulted22．A．repaired B．lost C．recycled D．broken23．A．owned B．sold C．decorated D．funded24．A．control B．line C．order D．fashion25．A．great B．tight C．plex D．generous26．A．hesitated B．required C．promised D．forgot27．A．Instead B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．However28．A．managed B．a(chǎn)greed C．pretended D．planned29．A．thankfulness B．a(chǎn)mbition C．sadness D．pride30．A．cheap B．perfect C．old D．plain31．A．news B．a(chǎn)ppearance C．style D．ending32．A．a(chǎn)rrival B．improvement C．exploration D．experiment33．A．select B．design C．get D．borrow34．A．needs B．loves C．remembers D．a(chǎn)ppreciates35．A．missed B．deserved C．expected D．used第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）TheUnitedStatesisfullofcars,36．playsanimportantroleinnationallife.Nocars,nojobs.Thisisthebest37．(express)toshowtheimportanceofcars.Carsareusedforbusiness.They38．(drive)toofficesandfactoriesbyworkerswhohavenootherway39．(get)totheirjobs.Farmershavetodriveintothecityinordertoget40．(supply).Sometimessmallchildrenmustbedriventoschool.Insomecities,schoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemore41．a(chǎn)mileawayfromtheschool.Whenthechildrenaretooyoungtowalktoofar,theirmotherstaketurnsdrivingthemtoschool.OnemotherdrivesonMondaystakingherownchildrenandthe42．(neighbor)children43．well.AnothermotherdrivesonTuesdays,anotheronWednesday,andsoon.Thisiscalledformingacarpool.Menalsoformcarpools,withthreeorfourmeninturndrivingtotheplacewheretheyallwork.Morecarpoolsshouldbeformedinordertoput44．(few)carsontheroadanduselessgas.Parkingisagreatproblemand45．isthetrafficinandaroundcities.Somethingwillhavetobedoneabouttheuseofcars.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，你的朋友Peter發(fā)郵件說他正在因為體重問題而苦惱，請你回封電子郵件。內容包括：1.健康比體重更重要；2.合理飲食，適當鍛煉；3.保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。提示詞：苦惱的upsetDearPeter,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。EliotMiddletonisarestaurantownerandheisalsoatrainedmechanic（機修工）.Whenheisn’tbusycookinginhisrestaurant,heisfixingbrokencarsinhisyard.Forseventeenyears.Eliotworkedwithhisfatherinhismechanicshop.Eliotstartedtohelpthoseinneedinhismunityafterthesuddendeathofhisfather.MostofthepeopleEliothelpedweresinglemothers,theoldandtheunemployedwhoneededreliable（可靠的）transportation.Repairedusedcarswerehardtofindandexpensive.Thismadelifedifficultforfamilieswholivedinthemunitywherepublictransportationwashardtoget.Theyhadlimitedchoicesofwhereandhowtheycouldtravel.Whentheircarsbrokedown,theyoftenfoundthemselvesunabletoaffordanewonerightaway.Theymustdependonothersfortravel.Theylackedthefreedomtovisitrelatives,gotojobinterviews,attendmedicalappointmentsandsometimesevengettowork.“Thereisnopublictransportationortaxis,”saidEliot,describinghisSouthmunity.“Theycan’twalk40~60milestodogreatjobs,sotheyhavetodosmalljobsthatpaywellbelowwhattheyneedtosurvive，"henoted.Hisgoalwastohelpthosewhowereseekingbetteropportunitiesbutfoundthatalackofreliabletransportationheldthemback.Hesaidhismunitywasfilledwithgoodandhardworkingpeopleoftenforgottenbysociety.Hewonderedhowtofindawaytobinehisloveofcarswithhelpingothers.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Theideaforhisworkcameonedaywhenhisrestaurantjoinedinalocalfooddrive,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thecarrepaircostcamefromeitherhisownpocketorfundraising（募捐）.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．A2．B3．D【分析】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了美國值得一游的四大公園。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YellowstoneNationalPark部分“Thealmost3,500squaremileparkincludespartsofthestatesofWyoming,Idaho,andMontana.”（這個占地3500平方英里的公園包括懷俄明州、愛達荷州和蒙大拿州的部分地區(qū)。）可知，黃石公園橫跨三個州。故選A項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CraterofDiamondsStatePark部分“Visitorscansearchthe37.5acresitefordiamondsandifyoufindityoukeepit.”（游客可以在這片37.5英畝的土地上搜索鉆石，如果你找到了，就保留它。）可知，游客在這里可以尋找鉆石。故選B項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hawai’iVolcanoesNationalPark部分“YoucanseehowtheHawaiianIslandswerebornandwatchtheBigIslandgetbigger.”（你可以看到夏威夷群島是如何誕生的，也可以看到島越來越大。）可知，在Hawai’iVolcanoesNationalPark，游客可以了解島嶼是如何形成的，并看到它變得越來越大的過程。故選D項。4．B5．C6．C7．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了社會機器人的功能與作用。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikepanionsthanmeretools.(雖然現(xiàn)在的家用機器人可以做普通的家務，但社會機器人將更像伙伴，而不僅僅是工具)”可知，社會機器人與家庭機器的不同在于他們更像人類。故選B。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.(你可以和機器人交談，向它提問，并要求它執(zhí)行不同的任務。機器人不只是提供問題的一般答案；它根據(jù)對家庭中每個人的了解做出反應。它可以做一些事情，比如提醒家里的老人吃藥或拍家庭照片)”可知，Jibo機器人可以遵守你的命令，提醒你吃藥。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thepany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.(該公司的“Oshbot”機器人是用來在商店里幫助顧客的，它可以幫助顧客找到商品，并幫助他們找到商品在商店里的位置)”可知，Oshbot可以擔任商店員工。故選C。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobeealotmoremoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotpanyJibo.(無論是在家庭還是在工作場所，社會機器人將在未來幾年變得更加普遍。機器人公司Jibo的首席科學家CynthiaBreazeal說，社會機器人將以更人性化的方式把技術帶到日常生活中)”結合文章主要介紹了社會機器人的功能與作用?？芍?，這篇文章主要介紹了社會機器人。故選D。8．D9．B10．C11．A【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的母親患了癌癥，但在治療過程中一直保持樂觀和感恩的態(tài)度，很少抱怨。最終母親戰(zhàn)勝了病魔，作者也從母親身上認識到要勇敢面對困難。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Foramoment,Iwastheadult,andshewasthechild.AndIpromisedherwithasmilethatI’dhelpherthroughanything.(有那么一瞬間，我是成年人，她是孩子。我微笑著答應她我會幫她度過任何難關)”可知，得知母親患癌癥后，作者感到一陣保護欲。故選D。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“DuringthetwohourIVdrips,shejokedaboutlife,medicalissuesandeventhepain.Wespokeonthephonealmostdaily.Sherarelyplained.“Cancercantakemyhair,myhealthandmylife.Butitcan’ttakemysmile.”shesaid.(在兩小時的靜脈點滴過程中，她拿生活、醫(yī)療問題甚至疼痛開玩笑。我們幾乎每天通電話。她很少抱怨?！鞍┌Y可以奪走我的頭發(fā)、健康和生命。但它不能帶走我的微笑?！彼f)”可推知，作者母親很樂觀。故選B。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Momwasthemostsociablepatientthecancercentereverhad.(媽媽是癌癥中心有史以來最合群的病人)”可知，作者母親在醫(yī)院里聊天合群。故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Mostofall,IsawachangeinMom.Nothingafterwardseemedtoworryherquiteasmuch.Fromher,IlearnedImaynotgettochoosewhatIface,butIdogettochoosehowIfaceit.(最重要的是，我看到了媽媽的變化。之后似乎沒有什么比這更讓她擔心的了。從她那里，我懂得了也許我不能選擇面對什么，但我可以選擇如何面對)”結合文章主要講述了作者的母親患了癌癥，但在治療過程中一直保持樂觀和感恩的態(tài)度，很少抱怨。最終母親戰(zhàn)勝了病魔，作者也從母親身上認識到要勇敢面對困難?？芍?，我們能從作者的母親身上學到勇敢面對困難。故選A。12．D13．D14．C15．C【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變化助力高溫殺手，大約37%高溫死亡與氣候變化有關，氣候變化正導致更多的死亡。12．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thankstoclimatechange(由于氣候變化)”可知，上下文有因果關系，“morepeoplearebeingexposedtoheatwaves”是氣候變化導致的后果，結合劃線詞后“heatwaves”可推知，氣候變化導致全球溫度升高，從而讓更多的人被暴露在熱浪中，比較4個選項，open與劃線詞詞義相近，beopento表示“易受……傷害”。故選D項。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“‘Thecountrieswherewedonothavethenecessaryhealthdataareoftenamongthepoorestandeasiesttobeaffectedbyclimatechange,’climatechangeresearcherDannMitchellwroteinanarticle.‘Gettingthesedatawillbekeyforsciencetoprovidetheinformationneededtohelpthesecountriesadapt(適應).’(氣候變化研究員DannMitchell在一篇文章中寫道：“我們沒有必要的健康數(shù)據(jù)的國家往往是最貧窮和最容易受氣候變化影響的國家。獲取這些數(shù)據(jù)將是關鍵，這樣科學才能為這些國家提供幫助，從而適應氣候變化?！?”可推知，研究人員缺少貧窮國家的健康數(shù)據(jù)，所以他們接下來會從貧窮國家收集更多的健康數(shù)據(jù)。故選D項。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中AnaMaria的話“‘Wearethinkingabouttheseproblemsofclimatechangeassomethingthatthenextgenerationwillface,’saidAnaMaria,theleadauthorofthepaper.‘It’ssomethingwearefacingalready.Wearethrowingstonesatourselves.’(“我們認為這些氣候變化問題是下一代將面臨的問題，”該論文的主要作者AnaMaria說?！斑@已經(jīng)是我們面臨的問題。我們要指責自己”)”可知，AnaMaria認為氣候變化已經(jīng)不是下一代的問題，而是當下的問題，說明氣候變化問題越來越嚴重。故選C項。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大約37%的高溫死亡與氣候變化有關，再結合第一段“Heatisakiller—andclimate(氣候)changeisdrivingupitsbodycount.(高溫是殺手——氣候變化導致其死亡人數(shù)上升)”和最后一段“That’sinlinewithotherresearch,whichhasfoundthatclimatechangeisalreadyadisasterforhumanhealth.(這與其他研究一致，這些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣候變化已經(jīng)是人類健康的災難)”可知，本文主要講的是氣候變化助力高溫殺手，導致更多的人喪生，所以C項“ClimateChangeIsLeadingtoMoreDeaths(氣候變化導致更多的死亡)”是最佳標題。故選C項。16．E17．F18．G19．B20．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了作者所生活的一個有圍墻的花園。16．根據(jù)后句“Apple,plum,andcherrytreesaregrowingwellhere.”（蘋果樹、李子和櫻桃樹在這里長得很好。）E項：Thestonewallsofthisgardenprotectedacollectionoffruittrees（這個花園的石墻保護了許多果樹）中的“fruittrees”對應后句“Apple,plum,andcherrytrees”話題一致。故選E。17．設空處概括本段內容，為本段中心句。根據(jù)后句“Walledgardenscanbecreatedfromtheverybeginningusingrecyclablematerials.Theycanalsobecreatedinoldindustrialoragriculturalsites,wheretheroofsofstructuresarenolongeringoodrepair.”（有圍墻的花園可以從一開始就使用可回收材料來建造。它們也可以在舊的工業(yè)或農(nóng)業(yè)場所建造，這些地方的屋頂已經(jīng)不能很好地修復。）可知主要內容為關于在哪里建造圍墻花園的爭論；F項：Theremaybeargumentsaboutwheretocreatewalledgardens（關于在哪里建造有圍墻的花園可能會有爭論）合乎題意。故選F。18．根據(jù)后句“Thestonewallshelpintemperatureregulation”（石墻有助于調節(jié)溫度）可知上句會講到花園的調節(jié)溫度的作用，后文是在解釋上文花園的溫度變化。G項：However,thegardenwarmsmorequicklyinspringandcoolsmoreslowlyinautumn（然而，花園在春天變暖更快，在秋天變冷更慢）合乎題意。故選G。19．根據(jù)上句“however,andwemightbeinadifferentworldprotectedfromtrafficnoiseandotheroutsidedistractions(使人分心的事)”（然而，我們可能是在一個不同的世界，免受交通噪音和其他外部干擾）可知后面會講到花園的墻可以讓人安靜下來的作用，B項：Thiswallcanturnthegardenintoaquietheaven（這堵墻能把花園變成一個寧靜的天堂）過渡自然。故選B。20．根據(jù)上句“Finally,itisalsoworthwhileconsideringthatwhenagardenissurroundedbywalls,itprovidesarangeofchoicesforvertical(垂直的)growing.”（最后，值得考慮的是，當花園被墻所包圍時，它提供了一系列垂直生長的選擇。）可知后文會講到植物的生長方式，D項：Climbersandsmallplantscanfindtheirplacesalongtheedges（攀巖植物和小型植物可以沿著邊緣找到它們的位置）合乎題意。故選D。21．B22．D23．A24．C25．B26．C27．D28．A29．D30．B31．D32．A33．C34．B35．C【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的爺爺經(jīng)營著一家修理店，幾年前作者家里的烤面包機壞了，于是爺爺將修理好的二手烤面包機給了他們，但是沒過多久，這些烤面包機就完全壞了。盡管如此，媽媽也不買新的，因為她知道這是爺爺表達愛的方式。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“你爺爺馬上就要來了。Joy，擺好沙發(fā)；Kris，撣掉收音機上的灰塵?！眿寢尨叽傥覀?。A.forted安慰；B.urged催促；C.praised贊美；D.consulted咨詢。根據(jù)上文“Yourgrandpawillbeheresoon.”可知媽媽催促孩子們干活，因為爺爺要來了。故選B。22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們怎么能告訴爺爺烤面包機又壞了呢？A.repaired修好的；B.lost丟失的；C.recycled回收利用的；D.broken出故障的，打破的。根據(jù)上文“Butthere’saproblem.”和下文“feelinganxious”可知，此處是指要告訴爺爺烤面包機出故障的事情。故選D。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他開了一家修理有缺陷的東西的商店。A.owned擁有；B.sold出售；C.decorated裝飾；D.funded資助。根據(jù)后文“ashopwherethingswithflawsweretoberepaired”可知爺爺擁有一家修理店。故選A。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，爺爺發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的烤面包機完全壞了，由于財政緊張，我們買不起一個新的。A.control控制；B.line隊伍；C.order命令；D.fashion時尚。根據(jù)后文“andwecouldnotaffordanewone”可知幾年前烤面包機完全壞了，outoforder“發(fā)生故障”。故選C。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，爺爺發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的烤面包機完全壞了，由于財政緊張，我們買不起一個新的。A.great極好的；B.tight緊的；C.plex復雜的；D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)上文“wecouldnotaffordanewone”可知買不起新的烤面包機，說明財政緊張。故選B。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當爺爺答應給我們拿一臺新的時，我很興奮。A.hesitated猶豫；B.required需要；C.promised承諾；D.forgot忘記。根據(jù)上文“Iwasexcited”可知，爺爺答應給他們拿一臺新的烤面包機，所以作者很興奮。故選C。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我忘記了“新”對爺爺有不同的含義。A.Instead相反；B.Meanwhile同時；C.Otherwise否則；D.However然而。根據(jù)前后文語境可知為轉折關系，應用however。故選D。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他經(jīng)常去跳蚤市場，設法找到一些用過的東西，并把它們帶到他的商店修理。A.managed設法；B.agreed同意；C.pretended假裝；D.planned計劃。根據(jù)后文“tofindsomeusedthingsandtookthemtohisshopforrepair”指設法找到用過的東西，managetodosth.表示“設法做某事”。故選A。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這真是太棒了。”爺爺說，眼睛里閃著驕傲的光芒。A.thankfulness感激；B.ambition抱負；C.sadness悲傷；D.pride自豪。根據(jù)上文““Itwaswonderful.”Grandpasaid,hiseyesshiningwith”可知爺爺認為自己修理好的烤面包機很棒，所以眼睛里閃著驕傲的光芒。故選D。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們欣然同意它是完美的。A.cheap便宜的；B.perfect完美的；C.old老的；D.plain樸素的。呼應上文“Itwaswonderful”指作者他們也認為這臺面包機很完美。故選B。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，爺爺又給我們帶來了一個烤面包機，結局和上一個一樣。A.news新聞；B.appearance外貌；C.style風格；D.ending結局。根據(jù)后文“asthelastone”可知這個烤面包機結局和上一個一樣，也壞了。故選D。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我們正準備迎接爺爺?shù)牡絹?，Kris問道：“既然我們家的情況已經(jīng)好轉了，為什么不買一個新的呢？”A.arrival到達；B.improvement改善；C.exploration探索；D.experiment實驗。呼應第一段中“Yourgrandpawillbeheresoon.”指迎接爺爺?shù)牡絹?。故選A。33．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我們正準備迎接爺爺?shù)牡絹?，Kris問道：“既然我們家的情況已經(jīng)好轉了，為什么不買一個新的呢？”A.select選擇；B.design設計；C.get獲得，購買；D.borrow借來。根據(jù)后文“anewonesinceourfamilyconditionhasimproved”可知Kris建議家里買一臺新的烤面包機。故選C。34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“幫我們修理東西是他表達對我們的愛的唯一方式?！眿寢屨f。A.needs需要；B.loves愛；C.remembers記得；D.appreciates感激。根據(jù)上文“Yourgrandpaisn’tgoodatshowinghisfeelings.Fixingthingsforusishisonlywaytoshowhe”可知爺爺不擅長表達情感，所以幫作者一家修理東西是他表達愛的方式。故選B。35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：聽了媽媽的話，我決定再和爺爺談談烤面包機的事，表明我們是多么期待他的“新”烤面包機。A.missed錯過；B.deserved值得；C.expected期待；D.used使用。根據(jù)后文“his“new”toaster”可知作者決定再和爺爺談談烤面包機的事，來表明他們是多么期待他的“新”烤面包機。故選C。36．which37．expression38．a(chǎn)redriven39．toget40．supplies/supplied41．than42．neighbors’43．a(chǎn)s44．fewer45．so【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了汽車對于美國家庭的重要性，但在給人們帶來便利的同時也面臨著問題。36．考查定語從句。句意：美國到處都是汽車，汽車在國民生活中扮演著重要的角色。分析句子結構可知，設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為cars，指物，在從句