選擇性必修Book3Unit3EnvironmentalProtection（A卷·知識(shí)通關(guān)練）一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．對(duì)于有影響2．____________________提到；談到；涉及；參考3．____________________有助于；捐獻(xiàn)4．____________________把看作5．____________________另外；此外6．____________________對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)7．____________________同時(shí)；然而8．____________________滅絕；消失9．____________________代表；為了10．___________________導(dǎo)致；通向11．___________________尋找；搜尋12．___________________關(guān)于；就而論13．___________________幾十；許多14．___________________對(duì)感到敏感15．___________________沿著；與一道；連同一起【答案】1.haveanimpacton2.referto3.contributeto4.regard...as...5.inaddition6.beresponsiblefor7.atthesametime8.dieout9.onbehalfof10.leadto11.insearchof12.inreferenceto13.dozensof14.besensitiveto15.alongwith二、詞匯運(yùn)用（1）.單詞拼寫1.Thousandsofbabypenguins_______（饑餓）todeathbecausethechangingclimateforcedtheirparentstoleavethemandtravellongdistancesinsearchoffood.2.Todealwithclimatechange,wemust______（抓?。﹖heinitiativetodowhateverisnecessarytoprotectourenvironment.3.Thenovelpresentsoneaspectofthe_______（改革）inthecountryside.4.Children,when________（陪伴）bytheparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.5.LookingbackIfeel_____（祝福）someonehadwantedtohelpastranger.6.Themarkethasshown_______（每年的）growthof20percentforseveralyears.7._______（未料到）,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.8.It’s_______（不可思議的）howmuchTomhaschangedsincehemetSally.9.Shewas_______（對(duì)處以罰款）＄1,500fordrivingoffence.10.Environmentalistsadvocatepaperbagsshouldbe______（取締）somedayandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.【答案】1.starved2.seize3.reform

4.accompanied5.blessed6.annual

7.Unexpectedly8.incredible

9.fined

10.banned/prohibited【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：成千上萬(wàn)的企鵝寶寶餓死了，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓仁顾鼈兊母改鸽x開它們，長(zhǎng)途跋涉尋找食物。根據(jù)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)forced可知，這里在描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，主句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，“饑餓”翻譯為starve，是動(dòng)詞，意為“挨餓”，starvetodeath“餓死”。故答案為starved?？疾閯?dòng)詞。句意：為了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，我們必須抓住主動(dòng)權(quán)，采取一切必要措施保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境?！白プ　狈g為seize，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為seize?？疾槊~。句意：這部小說(shuō)反映了農(nóng)村改革的一個(gè)方面?！案母铩狈g為reform，既可以作名詞也可以作動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)空前的the可知這里是名詞。故答案為reform。考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：孩子們?cè)诩议L(zhǎng)陪同下可以進(jìn)入體育場(chǎng)。此處是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，省略了與主句相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞；“陪伴”翻譯為accompany，是動(dòng)詞，與句子主語(yǔ)Children之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，when加過(guò)去分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故答案為accompanied?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。句意：回想起來(lái)，我為有人愿意幫助陌生人而感到慶幸。句中feel是連系動(dòng)詞，“祝?！狈g為bless，是動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去分詞為blessed，也可用作形容詞，意為“尊敬的，受祝福的，幸運(yùn)的”。故答案為blessed?？疾樾稳菰~。句意：幾年來(lái)，該市場(chǎng)一直以每年20%的速度增長(zhǎng)?？蘸骻rowth是名詞，由形容詞修飾，“每年的”翻譯為annual

，是形容詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)。故答案為annual。考查副詞。句意：出乎意料的是，我與大猩猩面對(duì)面，它開始聲嘶力竭地尖叫。此處是副詞修飾整個(gè)句子；“未料到”翻譯為unexpectedly，是副詞。位于句首第一個(gè)字母要大寫。故答案為Unexpectedly?？疾樾稳菰~。句意：湯姆自從遇見莎莉后變化真大，令人難以置信。be動(dòng)詞后面用形容詞作表語(yǔ)；“不可思議的”翻譯為incredible，是形容詞。故答案為incredible?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。句意：她因違例駕駛被罰款一千五百元。“對(duì)處以罰款”翻譯為fine，此處是動(dòng)詞，且和主語(yǔ)she之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)給出。故答案為fined?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。句意：環(huán)保人士主張有一天應(yīng)該禁止使用紙袋，并希望購(gòu)物者多年都使用同一個(gè)可重復(fù)使用的袋子。“取締”翻譯為ban/prohibit，是動(dòng)詞，且和從句主語(yǔ)paperbags之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，shouldbe已經(jīng)給出，ban/prohibit的過(guò)去分詞是banned/prohibited。故答案為banned/prohibited。.單句語(yǔ)法填空Wecanbuilda_______（harmony）societyonconditionthateveryonebehaveshimself.Wheredidyoupick_____yourEnglish?You’vefailedtodowhatyou_______（expect）toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou._______（frequent）skippingbreakfastmayresultintirednessanddizziness,whichwillinfluencetheirstudies.Itissaidthatthe______（origin）ownerofthehouseisadentist.Theexperttoldusthatthisanimaldiedof______（starve）._______wewillstartschoolontimeisn’tknownyet.ThebeautyofWestLakeisso______thatit_______visitorsdeeply.（impress）Weather_______（permit），wewillgohuntingthisSundaymorning.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor______（lock）.【答案】1.harmonious2.up3.wereexpected4.Frequently5.original6.starvation7.Whether8.impressive；impresses9.permitting10.locked【解析】考查形容詞。句意：只有人人規(guī)規(guī)矩矩，我們才能建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)。空后society是名詞，由形容詞修飾，所給詞harmony是名詞，其形容詞是harmonious，意為“和諧的”，在句中作定語(yǔ)。故答案為harmonious?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：你在哪兒學(xué)的英語(yǔ)?動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：pickup意為“偶然學(xué)到；撿起；獲得；中途搭車”。故答案為up?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：你沒(méi)有做到要求你做的事，我擔(dān)心老師會(huì)責(zé)備你。并列連詞and前面的分句中含what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)you和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞expect之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且在描述過(guò)去的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的be動(dòng)詞與you保持一致，用were。故答案為wereexpected。考查副詞。句意：經(jīng)常不吃早餐會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞和頭暈，從而影響學(xué)習(xí)。空后skipping是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，由副詞修飾，所給詞frequent是形容詞，其副詞是frequently。故答案為frequently?？疾樾稳菰~。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這所房子原來(lái)的主人是個(gè)牙醫(yī)?？蘸髈wner是名詞，由形容詞修飾，所給詞origin是名詞，其形容詞是original，意為“起初的，原創(chuàng)的，獨(dú)特的”，在句中作定語(yǔ)。故答案為original?？疾槊~。句意：專家告訴我們這只動(dòng)物是餓死的。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：dieof意為“死于”，后面用名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)；所給詞starve是動(dòng)詞，其名詞是starvation。故答案為starvation?？疾檫B詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)開學(xué)還不知道。此處是連詞whether“是否”引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，位于句首第一個(gè)字母要大寫；if雖然也有“是否”的意思，但不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，只能引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。故答案為Whether。考查形容詞和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：西湖的美麗令人印象深刻，給游客們留下了深刻的印象。be動(dòng)詞后面用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，所給詞impress是動(dòng)詞，其形容詞是impressive，意為“給人印象深刻的”；這里在描述客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中it是主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，第二空應(yīng)該填impresses。故答案為impressive；impresses。考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：天氣允許的話，我們這個(gè)星期天上午去打獵。willgo是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所給動(dòng)詞permit應(yīng)該是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；permit的邏輯主語(yǔ)是weather，且之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但句子主語(yǔ)是we所以這里是現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，permit的現(xiàn)在分詞是permitting?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。句意：整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門工作。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，thedoor和lock之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故答案為locked。三、重點(diǎn)句型這條繩子是那條的三倍長(zhǎng)。（倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法）Theropeisthree______the____________thatone.昨天晚上我是在大街上遇見他的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）____________inthestreet______I_____himyesterday.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋你就會(huì)想出一個(gè)好辦法。（祈使句+and結(jié)構(gòu)）Useyourhead,_____you__________agoodway.說(shuō)實(shí)話，陪伴全家對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是春節(jié)最重的部分。（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）Honestlyspeaking,______hisentirefamily______the___________partoftheSpringFestival.到處生長(zhǎng)著樹木和花，這公園在不同的季節(jié)展示出不同的美。（介詞with結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)）_____treesandflowers__________,theparkshowsdifferentsidesbeautyindifferentseasons.【答案】1.times；lengthof2.Itwas；thatmet3.and；willfind4.accompanying；is；mostimportant5.With；growingeverywhere【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法：表示“A是B的多少倍”（1）A+be+倍數(shù)+thesize/length/width/height/depthof+B；（2）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B；（3）A+be+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B。此處表示“三倍長(zhǎng)”用threetimesthelengthof。故答案為times；lengthof?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人，也可用who代替that，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)inthestreet，再根據(jù)yesterday可知，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故答案為Itwas；thatmet?？疾楣潭ň湫?。固定句型：祈使句或名詞詞組，and（和，然后）/or（否則）+主語(yǔ)+表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)的陳述句?！澳憔蜁?huì)想出一個(gè)好辦法”翻譯為youwillfindfindaway.故答案為and；willfind。考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和形容詞最高級(jí)。該句在描述客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；“陪伴全家”翻譯為accompanyinghisentirefamily，是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式is；“最重的部分”翻譯為themostimportantpart。故答案為accompanying；is；mostimportant?？疾閣ith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該句是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+名詞/代詞+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；“到處生長(zhǎng)著樹木和花”翻譯為withtreesandflowersgrowingeverywhere，其中treesandflowers和動(dòng)詞grow之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，且with位于句子開頭，首字母用大寫。故答案為With；growingeverywhere。四、語(yǔ)法精練（1）.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceourcountry______（reform）in1978.2.Ican’tworkwithallthatnoise______（go）on.3._______（be）abletospeakanotherlanguagefluentlyisagreatadvantagewhenyouarelookingforajob.4.Thereasonwhysomanyteenagersareaddictedtocomputergamesisthattheyfindthem_____（appeal）.5.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.______youdowillbeofgreathelptous.6.It’ssocoldthatyoucan’tgooutsideunlessfully______（cover）inthickclothes.7.Themen_______（seize）assoonastheyleftthebuilding.8.Itisuptoyou______（decide）whethertogoshoppingornot.9.Thechemistrylabistwice______（large）thanthatphysicslab.10.Thereare______（dozen）ofpeopleinthehall.【答案】1.reformed2.going3.Being4.appealing5.Whatever6.covered7.wereseized8.todecide9.larger10.dozens【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：自1978年改革以來(lái)，我國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。該句是復(fù)合句，含since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故答案為reformed?？疾閣ith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：這么吵，我沒(méi)法工作。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，with后面的allthatnoise和go之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故答案為going?？疾閯?dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。句意：在找工作的時(shí)候，能流利地說(shuō)另一種語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。此處是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，且位于句首，第一個(gè)字母要大寫開頭。故答案為Being。考查形容詞。句意：這么多青少年沉迷于電腦游戲的原因是他們覺(jué)得電腦游戲很吸引人。動(dòng)詞find+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞，其中形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；所給詞appeal是動(dòng)詞，其形容詞是appealing，意為“吸引人的”。故答案為appealing。考查主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要。無(wú)論你做什么都將對(duì)我們有很大幫助。willbe是謂語(yǔ)部分，所以youdo應(yīng)該是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和賓語(yǔ)，連接代詞whatever符合句意，且位于句首，第一個(gè)字母要大寫。故答案為Whatever?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。句意：天氣太冷了，除非你穿上厚厚的衣服，否則你不能出去。該句是unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，省略了相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，且主語(yǔ)you和cover之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以這里用過(guò)去分詞。故答案為covered?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這些人一離開大樓就被抓住了。該句是復(fù)合句，含assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；主句主語(yǔ)Themen是復(fù)數(shù)形式，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞seize之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合從句時(shí)態(tài)left，主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞用were。故答案為wereseized?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。句意：去不去購(gòu)物由你來(lái)決定。此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正主語(yǔ)。故答案為todecide?？疾楸容^級(jí)。句意：化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室比物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室大兩倍。根據(jù)than可知，設(shè)空處用比較級(jí)。故答案為larger?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)。句意：大廳里有幾十個(gè)人。固定短語(yǔ)：dozensof“許多，大量”。故答案為dozens。.單句寫作1．這所新校比老校大三倍。（倍數(shù)的表達(dá)）__________________________________________________站在樹下的是我們的班主任，他要給我們作報(bào)告。（倒裝句）__________________________________________________是他媽媽回來(lái)之后他才離開家的。（not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）__________________________________________________4．無(wú)論你做什么，我都會(huì)支持你。（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）_________________________________________________5．湯姆住在亮著燈的那個(gè)房間里。（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)）_________________________________________________【答案】1.Thenewschoolisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone./Thenewschoolisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.2.Standingunderthetreeisourclassteacher,whoisgoingtogiveusareport.3.Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathelefthome.4.Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou.5.Tomlivesintheroomwiththelightburning.【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法：（1）A+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B；（2）A+be+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B。故答案為Thenewschoolisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone./Thenewschoolisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.考查倒裝句。該句使用了倒裝句，“站在樹下的是我們的班主任”翻譯為Standingunderthetreeisourclassteacher，其中ourclassteacher是句子主語(yǔ)；“他要給我們作報(bào)告”翻譯為heisgoingtogiveusareport；ourclassteacher作先行詞，用關(guān)系代詞who代替he，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。故答案為Standingunderthetreeisourclassteacher,whoisgoingtogiveusareport.考查not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...+that+其他?！八麐寢尰貋?lái)”翻譯為hismothercameback；“他才離開家的”翻譯為helefthome。故答案為Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathelefthome.考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句?！盁o(wú)論你做什么”翻譯為Nomatterwhatyoudo/Whateveryoudo；“我都會(huì)支持你”翻譯為Iwillsupportyou。故答案為Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou./Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。該句描述目前的事情，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，句子主語(yǔ)是是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；“亮著燈的那個(gè)房間”翻譯為theroomwiththelightburning。故答案為Tomlivesintheroomwiththelightburning.五、課內(nèi)語(yǔ)法填空___1___iswell-knowntoallisthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer,whichresults___2__meltingiceandrisingsealevels.In2013,adeadpolarbear___3___（find）onNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Expertssaidthatitwaslowsea-icelevels___4___（cause）byclimatechangethatkilledthepolarbear.Scientistsmentionthatthe“man-made”greenhouseeffectis___5___bigproblem.Theriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherand___6___（nature）disastersworldwide,causingseriousdamageandcostinghumanlives.Theglobalclimate’sfurtherwarmingresultedfromthecontinuedgreenhousegasemissions____7___（require）theattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtomakepoliciesandtakemeasures___8___（reduce）greenhousegasemissions.As___9___（individual）,weshouldalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxide___10___ourlifestylesproduce.【答案】1.What2.in3.wasfound4.caused5.a6.natural7.requires8.toreduce9.individuals10.that/which【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：眾所周知，地球正變得越來(lái)越暖，這導(dǎo)致冰層融化和海平面上升。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第二個(gè)is是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，is前面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)，what符合句意，且位于句首，開頭字母大寫。故答案為What。考查固定搭配。句意：眾所周知，地球正變得越來(lái)越暖，這導(dǎo)致冰層融化和海平面上升。固定搭配：resultin“導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是”。故答案為in?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：1913年，人們?cè)谂餐睒O的斯瓦爾巴群島發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只死去的北極熊。句子主語(yǔ)adeadpolarbear是單數(shù)第三人稱，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞find之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)In1913可知，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故答案為wasfound?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞。句意：專家說(shuō)，是氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海冰水平低導(dǎo)致了北極熊的死亡。that從句中，was是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所給詞cause應(yīng)該是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且levels和cause之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，后面的介詞by也是用過(guò)去分詞的明顯表示。故答案為cause?？疾椴欢ü谠~。句意：科學(xué)家提到“人為的”溫室效應(yīng)是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。此處“泛指”一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。故答案為a?？疾樾稳菰~。句意：氣溫上升導(dǎo)致全球極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增加，造成嚴(yán)重破壞和生命損失。disasters是名詞，由形容詞修飾，所給詞nature是名詞，其形容詞是natural，在句中作定語(yǔ)。故答案為natural。考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。句意：溫室氣體的持續(xù)排放導(dǎo)致全球氣候進(jìn)一步變暖，需要世界各國(guó)人民的關(guān)注。該句在描述目前的客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；Theglobalclimate’sfurtherwarming是句子主語(yǔ)，單數(shù)形式，resultedfromthecontinuedgreenhousegasemissions是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞require用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故答案為requires?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。句意：政府需要制定政策和采取措施來(lái)減少溫室氣體排放。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故答案為toreduce?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。句意：作為個(gè)人，我們還應(yīng)該通過(guò)限制我們生活方式產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳數(shù)量來(lái)減少我們的”碳足跡”。individual可以作名詞，意為“個(gè)人，個(gè)體”，也可以作形容詞，意為“單獨(dú)的，個(gè)別的，個(gè)人的”，在這里用作名詞，前面沒(méi)有冠詞之類的限制詞，所以用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故答案為individuals?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意：作為個(gè)人，我們還應(yīng)該通過(guò)限制我們生活方式產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳數(shù)量來(lái)減少我們的”碳足跡”。此處carbondioxide是先行詞，指物，后面的定語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)，且做主語(yǔ)。故答案為that/which。六、書面表達(dá)假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你的英國(guó)好友Jim聽說(shuō)外賣點(diǎn)餐(orderingmealsonline)在中國(guó)很流行，發(fā)來(lái)郵件詢問(wèn)相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括:1.你是否經(jīng)常外賣點(diǎn)餐；2.你對(duì)外賣點(diǎn)餐的看法或感受。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua參考范文DearJim,You’requiterightaboutorderingmealsonlinebeingpopularinChina,especiallyforpeoplewhoaretoobusy(orjusttoolazy)tocook.Ioftenorderfoodonlinewhenmyparentsareatwork,orwhenmyfamilywantstotrysomethingthattastesdifferent.Thebestaboutitisthatit’sconvenient.Onejustneedstoplaceanorderandpayforitonline.Then,steaming-hotfoodarrivesatyourdoorstepwithinanhour.Moreover,therearemanychoices.Wecanorderandtastediversecuisinesfromvariousrestaurants.Ithasalsocreatedmillionsofjobsandboostedthecateringindustry.Doesitsoundattractive?WecangiveitatrywhenyoucometoChina!Yours,LiHua七、對(duì)接高考1.閱讀理解第一節(jié)2022年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解C篇Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.D【解析】28.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們?cè)阼F路方面完全可以做同樣的事情，比如檢查鐵路線以及鐵軌和鐵路道岔的位置是否有問(wèn)題等，使無(wú)人機(jī)在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能。故選A。29.C詞義猜測(cè)題根據(jù)第三段第二句…sendingmaintenancestaff…toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.可知maintenance是“維護(hù)，保養(yǎng)”的意思，C項(xiàng)Inspectionandrepair與句中的inspectandrepair對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C。30.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)最后一段第一句…detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.以及最后一句…theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.可知，無(wú)人機(jī)在鐵路出現(xiàn)任何安全問(wèn)題之前可以檢測(cè)其故障，提前預(yù)警，以便高速行駛的火車能及時(shí)做出反應(yīng)。故選A。31.D主旨大意題通讀文章可知，本文介紹了無(wú)人機(jī)在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用，講述無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，包括使鐵路變得更安全、更可靠、更省錢等。故選D。2022年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解D篇TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】32.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第二段中的FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.可知，征收糖稅的目的是減緩兒童肥胖癥問(wèn)題，也就是保護(hù)兒童健康，故選C項(xiàng)。33.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第四段中的Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.可知，為應(yīng)對(duì)糖稅政策，一些飲品公司降低產(chǎn)品的含糖量來(lái)避稅，故選D項(xiàng)。34.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第五段However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax…可知，可口可樂(lè)公司接受了糖稅，而果汁、牛奶飲料和大多數(shù)的酒精飲料都是免稅的，糖稅主要來(lái)自經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)這些高糖品牌，故選D項(xiàng)。35.B推理判斷題根據(jù)最后一段第一句Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.可知，糖稅政策的實(shí)施，產(chǎn)生了積極的影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊，由此推斷出該政策是成功的，故選B。2021全國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解BWhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機(jī)）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede"inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B【解析】本文是一篇是以介紹了在手機(jī)普及的年代，55%的澳大利亞人家里仍有固定電話座機(jī)的使用情況說(shuō)明文。同時(shí)文章簡(jiǎn)要分析了這些家庭的固定電話使用情況，以及人們家備固定電話不同原因。24.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后二句話，重點(diǎn)緊扣“Infact”和“Practically”明確了“很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機(jī)。幾乎每個(gè)人都可以隨時(shí)隨地?fù)艽蚝徒勇犽娫挕保卣f(shuō)明手機(jī)在澳大利亞非常普遍。選項(xiàng)中A是目標(biāo)用戶；B是廣受歡迎；C是主要功能；D是復(fù)雜設(shè)計(jì)。故選B項(xiàng)。25.詞句猜測(cè)題。做題要根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境。對(duì)應(yīng)劃線部分的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline”可以明確在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中三分之一的人承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性，保留固定電話只是多了一個(gè)安全保障。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認(rèn)”。選項(xiàng)A為承認(rèn)；B爭(zhēng)吵，爭(zhēng)辯；C記?。籇評(píng)論，言論。故選A項(xiàng)。26題.推理判斷題。采用定位法。定位到第四段“BabyBoomers”,“84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.(嬰兒潮時(shí)代中有84%的人可能已經(jīng)有50年相同的家庭號(hào)碼了)”和第五段“ourBabyBoomersparents”，“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是說(shuō)，老實(shí)說(shuō)，唯一打過(guò)我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母)”可推知，嬰兒潮時(shí)代的人一直用固定電話。故選C項(xiàng)。27.推理判斷題。題目的對(duì)應(yīng)句“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜歡你的座機(jī)？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”說(shuō)明了固定電話總有一天會(huì)廢棄的。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)七選五2021全國(guó)乙卷英語(yǔ)七選五真題根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.___36___,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?",you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.____37___.itcanbringin"Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle"or"Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback."Itjustopensupconversation.____38___?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺(tái)）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.___39_____Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚(yáng)).__40___.Justquicklytunaroundandsay,"Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’tthathard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion"Howdidyougethere?D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【答案】36.B37.C38.F39.E40.G【解析】36.本題在段落之首，考查主題句。分析時(shí)找它承接上文的第一段中的it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)本段中justshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers對(duì)這一段主旨作了細(xì)節(jié)呼應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)中的goxploring與該段中的beadventurous相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選B。37.從空后的itcanbringin“Ihavethisoldbroken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback”與C項(xiàng)“如果你問(wèn)"你怎么來(lái)的?"對(duì)應(yīng)。此外，C項(xiàng)中的Ify