2025屆江西省華大新高考聯(lián)盟高三下學(xué)期名校高考預(yù)測(cè)卷（三模）英語(yǔ)試題一、閱讀理解OnMarch22,2025,millionsofpeopleworldwidecelebratedEarthHour.Theannualeventencouragedindividualsandbusinessestoturnofftheirlightsforonehour,from8:30to9:30p.m.localtime.Thissymbolicactservesasareminderoftheurgentneedtoprotectourplanetfromclimatechangeandenvironmentaldamage.TheOriginofEarthHourEarthHourbeganinSydney,Australia,18yearsago.OnMarch31,2007,theAustralianchapteroftheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)askedthecity’sresidentsandbusinessestoswitchoffalllightsforanhour.Overtwomillionhouseholdsand2,100enterprisestookpart.EvenlandmarksliketheSydneyOperaHouseandtheSydneyHarbourBridgewentdark.Thissmallactionresultedina10percentreductioninelectricityuseduringatypicaleveninghourinSydney.Thefirstevent’ssuccessgottheworld’sattention.By2009,nearly4,000citiesworldwidehadjoinedtheinitiative.Today,EarthHouristheworld’slargestgrassrootsenvironmentalmovement.Itisobservedinover180countriesandterritories.EarthHourhassparkedrealenvironmentalinitiativesglobally.Ithashelpedestablishamarinesanctuary(保護(hù)區(qū))inArgentinaandanEarthHourforestinUganda.InFrenchPolynesia,themovementinspiredthecreationoftheManagedMarineAreatoprotectmarineecosystems.ParticipationJoiningEarthHouriseasy.Simplyturnoffnon-essentiallightsandelectricalappliancesforonehour.Usethetimetoenjoyacandlelightdinnerwithfamilyandfriendsorplanapicnicunderthestars.Foranextendedexperience,gocampingandmakeitan“EarthNight”.BeyondEarthHourEarthHourisareminderthatsmalldailyhabitscanleadtomeaningfulchanges.Letusalldoourpartinsavingtheonlyhomewehave.1．WhatprobablycontributestoEarthHour’sgrowth?A．Businessfinancing. B．Landmarkpromotion.C．Governmentsupport. D．Sydney’sinitialsuccess.2．WhatisthemaingoalofEarthHour?A．TopromotetourisminSydney. B．Tosupportbusinessdevelopment.C．Toencourageenergyconservation. D．Tocelebratetechnologicaladvancements.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutEarthHourtoday?A．It’scenteredonSydney’slocalevents. B．Itisawidelyrecognizedmovement.C．It’srequiredinover180countries. D．Itsinfluencehasdeclinedovertime.JossNaylor,knownasthe“IronMan”offellrunning,wasbornin1936inWasdaleHead,Cumbria.Fellrunningisasportofoff-trailmountainracing,andNaylorbecameasymbolofenduranceanddetermination.Asasheepfarmerbyprofession,hebecamefamousforhisremarkablephysicalabilities.In1971,NaylorbecamethesixthpersontocompletetheBobGrahamRound,a24-hourchallengecovering66milesand42peaksintheLakeDistrict.Hedidbetterthanexpectedbyclimbing61peaksinjust23hoursand37minutes.Thefollowingyear,hetackled63peaks,andin1975,hereached72peaks,allunder24hours.Atage50in1986,hecompletedtheWainwrightRound,whichinvolvedclimbing214peaksinsevendays,settingarecordthatstooduntil2014.Naylor’sfeatswereevenmoreimpressiveconsideringthephysicalchallengeshefaced.Growinguponafarm,hesufferedmanyinjuries,startingwithapunishmentfromhismother.Atage19,hehadallthecartilage(軟骨)removedfromoneknee,andby22,hehadtwodiscs(椎間盤(pán))removed.Doctorstoldhimtoavoidhardexerciseandevengavehimaspecialunderweartowear,whichheignored.Instead,hereturnedtohisworkasasheepfarmer.Inthe1960WasdaleFellRace,Naylorhadn’tofficiallyenteredbutjoinedinwearinghisworkboots.Hequicklytooktheleadbutfelldownbecauseofcramps(肌肉抽筋),finishinglast.Despitethis,hekeptracing,improvingwitheachrace.In1971,aftercompletingtheBobGrahamRound,hesetanewrecordintheNationalThreePeaksChallenge,climbingthehighestpeaksinEngland,ScotlandandWaleswithin12hours,arecordthatstillstands.Naylorfacedcountlessinjuriesovertheyears,includinglosingallhistoenailsandskinonhisfeetduringatwo-dayracein1976.Heevenlostaracein1970afterbeingkickedbyacow.However,noamountofpain,whetherfrominjuriesoranimals,couldstophim.Hisreputationgrew,andinJune2024,hundredsoffellrunnershonoredhimbyrunningeightmilesupthevalleynearhishometohisfuneral.4．WhatcanweconcludeaboutNaylor’searlylife?A．Hewasverygoodatschoolsports. B．Hefacedfrequentphysicalinjuries.C．Helackedproperrunningequipment. D．Hestruggledwithfarmresponsibilities.5．WhatcanbeinferredaboutJossNaylor’spersonality?A．Heworriedalotaboutinjuries. B．Hegaveupeasilywhenhefailed.C．Hestayedstrongandkeptgoing. D．Hethoughtlittleoftoughexercises.6．WhydidNaylor’sphysicalachievementsseemextraordinary?A．Hecompetedinseveralcountries. B．Heachievedrecordsdespiteinjuries.C．Heimprovedalternativemedicaltreatments. D．Hewasthefirsttoattemptthechallenges.7．Whatdoesthe2024funeraleventimplyaboutNaylor?A．Helivedfarawayfromhiscommunity. B．Hepursuedrecognitionfromthepublic.C．Hecontinuedcompetinguntilhislastdays. D．Heearnedrunners’respectandadmiration.Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarebuildinghumanoidrobots,andthesemechanicallook-alikesarestartingtoappearincarfactoriesanddeliveryplaces.Somebusinessesevenpromiserobotsforhomeuse.Yetonebigquestionstillhasnoanswer:Whybother?Whymakearobotinahumanshapewhenitcouldtakeanyimaginableform?Theusualansweristhathumanoidrobotscould,inprinciple,handleanyphysicaljobsapersoncan.Butthat“inprinciple”isdoingalotofheavylifting.Ifyou’vewatchedvideosoftheserobots,you’llgetit—they’reoftenclumsy,awkwardmachines.Sure,thetechnologyhelpingthemstandandmovehascomealongway,butthey’restillnotasquickorgracefulashumans.Meanwhile,robotsbuiltforasinglejob—likeanarmshiftinggoodsbetweenconveyorbelts(傳送帶)—arenowcommonplace.Designedwithonepurpose,theydoitreallywell,unlikehumanoidrobots,whichaimtodoeverythingbutoftenmasternothing.Anotherargumentisthatahumanshapemakesiteasierforpeopletoworkwithorcontrolrobots.Thisholdssomewater,especiallysincemanyofthesemachinesstillneedskilledhumanoperators.Companiesoftenavoidadmittingthis,callingitashort-termphase,butthedreamoffullyindependent,AI-poweredhumanoidrobots—onesthatmatchorbeathumanworkers—remainsalongshot.Fornow,whatwe’vegotarehuman-shapedshellsguidedbypeoplebehindthescenes.WhenElonMuskintroducedTesla’sOptimusrobotin2021,heproudlyclaimeditcouldteach,babysit,walkdogs,fetchgroceries,orpourdrinks.Yetthoserobotsweren’tAI-driven,andeachwascontrolledbyahiddenhuman.Noticeapattern?Thesetasks—low-wage,service-orientedjobs—suggestthat,fornow,humanoidrobotsjustmaskhumaneffortwithashinysurface.Someremote-controlledrobotsserverealpurposes,likeindeep-seaexploration.Butthosemachinesaren’tshapedlikehumans—theylooklikecapsulesorsmallvehicles,andtheyworkjustfine.Theideathatrobotsmustbehuman-shapedisafailureofimagination.Yes,humanoidrobotslookimpressive.Theyremindusofthefantasiesinsciencefictionswheremachineshandlealldifficulttasks.Buttoday,theyaremostlymarketingtools,maskinghumanlabor.Andarobotthatdoesn’ttrulyimprovelifeismissingthepoint.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“holdssomewater”meaninparagraph3?A．Providessufficientevidence. B．Makesmuchsense.C．Ispartlyreasonable. D．Iswidelyaccepted.9．WhydoestheauthormentionTesla’sOptimusrobot?A．Toprovehumanoidrobotsarebetter. B．Tohighlightitsimpressivetechnology.C．Toshowitcanreplacehumanworkers. D．Tosuggestitisinthechargeofhumans.10．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhumanoidrobots?A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Cautious.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhenHumanoidRobotsMissPotential B．HowHumanoidRobotsMissGoalsC．WhatHumanoidRobotsLackNow D．WhyHumanoidRobotsFallShortMuchhasbeendiscussedabouthowmodernlifestylesleadtoinsufficientsleep,unlikeourancestorswholivedinsimplertimes.However,ananalysisof54globalsleepstudiesrevealsthatindividualsinsmall,non-industrialsocietiesactuallysleeplessthanthoseinmoreindustrializedregions.“EveryoneIspeaktoinCanadaandtheUScomplainsaboutpoorsleep,”saysLeelaMcKinnonfromtheUniversityofTorontoMississauga.“Butthedatadoesn’tsupportthat.”Itiscommonlybelievedthattheriseofdeviceslikesmartphoneshasresultedinreducedsleep—oftenreferredtoasasleep-lossepidemic.Yet,manystudiesreportingadeclineinsleepdurationrelyonself-reporteddata,whichisanunreliablemeasure.Researchusingmorereliablemethods,suchasactivitymonitorsorbrainwavetracking,hasnotindicatedadecreaseinsleepoverrecentdecades.Forinstance,a2016reviewof168studiesfoundnosignificantdropinsleepdurationoverthepast50years.However,thesestudiesprimarilyfocusedonindustrializednations,leavingthequestionofwhethersleeppatternsweredifferentbeforeindustrializationunanswered.Theavailabilityofwrist-basedactivitymonitorsmadeiteasiertostudysleepinnon-industrialsocieties.Suchstudieshaverevealedshortsleepdurations.Forinstance,amonghunter-gatherers,theSanpeoplesinsouthernAfricasleepfor6.7hoursanightonaverage.McKinnonandhercolleagueDavidSamson,alsofromtheUniversityofTorontoMississauga,haveparticipatedinseveralrelevantstudies.Theycomparedsleephabitsinindustrializednations—liketheUSandAustralia—withthoseinsmaller,non-industrialcommunities,includinglocalgroupsintheAmazon,Madagascar,andTannaIslandinthePacific.Theiranalysis,themostcomprehensivetodate,involveddirectmeasurementsofsleepin866participantsaged18andolderwithnoserioushealthissues.Theydiscoveredthatindividualsinnon-industrialsocietiesaveraged6.4hoursofsleep,whilethoseinindustrialsocietiesaveraged7.1hours.Additionally,peopleinnon-industrialsocietieswereasleepfor74%oftheirtimeinbed,comparedto88%inindustrializedareas,aconceptknownassleepefficiency.Samsonbelievesthatpeopleinindustrializedsocietiessleeplongerandbetterbecausetheirenvironmentismoresuitableforsleep.“Weseethatwe’vemadesomerealgainsinthesafetyandsecurityofoursleepsites,”hesays.“Wenolongerneedtoworryaboutrivalgroupsorpredatorsatnight.”12．WhatdoesLeelaMcKinnonthinkofsleepcomplaints?A．TheyareuniquetoCanada. B．Theyaresupportedbydata.C．Theyareoverstatedbypeople. D．Theyarecausedbysmartphones.13．Whydopeopleinindustrialsocietiessleepbetter?A．Theysleeplessbutfeelbetter. B．Theirsleeptechnologyisadvanced.C．Theyaremoreusedtoshortsleep. D．Theirsleepenvironmentsaresafer.14．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Non-industrialsocietiessleepbetter. B．Technologygreatlyreducessleeptime.C．Industrializationworsenssleepquality. D．Researchchallengesbeliefsaboutsleep.15．Whereisthispassagemostlikelyfrom?A．Ahealthguide. B．Ahistorybook.C．Asciencejournal. D．Atravelmagazine.Manyofusstarta“healthkick”or“organizationdrive”,seekingtochangeallourbehaviorsatonce.16AtypicalreasonwhyNewYear’sresolutionsdon’tworkisthatpeopletrytochangetoomanythingsatonce.Changingevenasmallhabitrequirestimeandeffort,andtryingtochangeseveralthingsatonceoftenresultsinfailure.Takingonestepatatimemayinvolvebreakingahabitintosmallerpartsandaddressingeachpartindividually.17Startingsmallcanbeeffective;forexample,ifyouwanttodrinkmorewater,beginwithoneglassdailyatthesametime.Afterafewdays,graduallyincreaseyourintakeinsteadofattemptingtodrinkeightglassesrightaway.18Insteadoftryingtoreinventyourself,focusonadjustingtheaspectsyou’reunhappywith.Aimingfor“goodenough”inyourhabitsboostsyourchancesofsuccess,whilestrivingfor“perfect”canleadtofailure.Forinstance,givingupcigarettesmightbeachievable,butexpectingtocutoutalltreats,drinkthreelitersofwaterdaily,andgotothegymfivetimesaweekisunrealistic.Includesmallrewardsintoyourplanforachievingmilestones.Thiscouldincludeatreat(notchocolateifyou’retryingtoloseweight),asmallgift,ortimespentenjoyingamovieorahotbath.19Finally,seeksupportfromtrustedindividualsandreplacebadhabitswithbetterones.20Byfocusingongradualchangesandrealisticgoals,youcanimproveyourchancesoflong-termsuccess.A．Invitesupport.B．Berealisticaboutyourgoals.C．However,thisrarelyleadstosuccess.D．Findwaystoremindyourselfwhyyouaredoingthis.E．Celebrateyourachievements,butavoidself-criticism.F．It’sessentialtocreateaclearplanoutliningwhatyouwilldoandwhen.G．Findingalternativeactivitiescanmakeiteasiertobreakunwantedbehaviors.二、完形填空BrianPhoenixwasa71-year-oldDJwithfortyyearsofexperience.Hehasrecentlygainedunexpected21afteraTikTokvideoofhimusingCDsataweddingwentviral.Thevideo,sharedbyMirandaDolph,showedhim22tracksfromhismassiveCDcollection,contrastingmodernplaylist-drivenweddings.Dolph’spost,whichwasviewedover9milliontimes,calledPhoenixthe23oldDJ.AndPhoenix,amazedbyhowpeople24,joked,“It’snotlikeIwassavingababyfromaburningbuilding.I’mjuststandingthere.So,Ifindthatamazing!”P(pán)hoenixtoldGoodMorningAmerica.“IinitiallyignoredPhoenix’s25untilIsawhimdiggingthroughhisimpressiveCDsandliningupsongs,which26me.Yousee,todaymostDJsjustuseplaylistsandcomputers,anddon’t27gothroughalltheCDs.Hisdevotioninspiredviewers,”Dolph28.Afterthevideo29,Dolphcontactedhim,sharingafollow-upmessageinwhichPhoenixencouragedeveryonenottoletsocietylimitthembutinsteaddancetotheirown30.PhoenixdreamedofbeingaDJsincechildhood.Inhissixthgrade,friendscalledhishometoordersongs,whichhewas31toplayoverthephone.Decadeslater,heremained32inhiscraft,performingweeklyatweddings.“Whateveryour33is,don’tletanybodyplaywithitorinfluenceyou.Chaseyourdreamsandnever34.Gooutthereanddoitforaslongasyouwant,”P(pán)hoenixsaid,addingthatnotgivingupisamajoringredientto35.21．A．independence B．insight C．knowledge D．popularity22．A．learning B．selecting C．copying D．translating23．A．humblest B．saddest C．cutest D．noblest24．A．responded B．a(chǎn)rgued C．wondered D．doubted25．A．right B．presence C．request D．status26．A．transported B．a(chǎn)larmed C．froze D．struck27．A．randomly B．necessarily C．endlessly D．occasionally28．A．claimed B．a(chǎn)nalysed C．recalled D．requested29．A．stretchedout B．trackedin C．brokeup D．tookoff30．A．state B．music C．mood D．a(chǎn)ddiction31．A．hesitant B．curious C．clumsy D．happy32．A．rooted B．valued C．seasoned D．trapped33．A．memory B．secret C．dream D．inspiration34．A．grow B．settle C．struggle D．react35．A．integrity B．honor C．wisdom D．success三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnMarch2,2025,the97thAcademyAwardsceremonyinthefilmindustrytookplaceattheDolbyTheatreinLosAngeles,36(host)bycomedianConanO’Brien.Wickedco-starsArianaGrandeandCynthiaErivoopenedtheceremony37singingsongsfromthemovie.Inahistoricmoment,Flowwontheawardforbestanimatedfeature,makingitthefirstfilmfromLatvia,asmallcountryinnortheasternEurope,38(win)anOscar.AsthefirstLatvianfilmchosenforanAcademyAward,Flowfollowedalonecatworkingwithotheranimalstosurviveinaworldhitbya39(mass)flood.Thefilm,toldfromthecat’sperspectivewithoutdialogue,40(make)onasmallbudgetwithateamofabout20animators.AcceptingtheOscar,directorandco-writerGintsZilbalodissaiditwasthe41(recognize)thatwouldinspireindependentanimatorsworldwide.Wickedalsoshined:thefirstBlackmannamedPaulTazewellwontheOscarforbestcostumedesigner,whoreceived42longroundofclappingandcalledtheaward“averysignificanthonor”,whileNathanCrowleyandLeeSandalessecuredBestProductionDesign.SeanBaker43(complete)dominatedtheawards,settingarecordbywinningBestDirector,OriginalScreenplay,andFilmEditingforAnora,44alsotookBestPicture.StarMikeyMadisonearnedBestActress,45(cap)thegrandoccasion.四、書(shū)信寫(xiě)作46．假定你是李華，就讀于一所國(guó)際學(xué)校，你校為了增加學(xué)生課間的運(yùn)動(dòng)量，設(shè)計(jì)了“舉手之勞，鍛煉的不只是手臂”的標(biāo)語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)發(fā)言稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.解讀標(biāo)語(yǔ)的含義；2.提出你的倡議。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)詞左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、書(shū)面表達(dá)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ijustfinishedtheamazingfour-dayIncaTrailhiketoMachuPicchu,anddrunkonnature,wasfeelingperfectlyconfident.ThecleanPeruvianairstillrefreshedmylungsandthebrainfogcausedbymydailyphoneusehadn’treturned.ThebadeventsthatcamenextstartedonceIturnedmyphonebackon.RespondingtoaTwitterrequestforPerutips,astrangerposted:“TrymountainbikingdownavolcanoinArequipa!”Thoseeightwordschangedeverything.Iquicklysaidgoodbyetomybikingfriendandchangedmyflight.Assomeonewholovesexcitement,theideaseemedtoogoodtomiss.I’veskydived,sliddownsandhills,flownwithparachutes,andleaped(跳)offNewZealand’stallesttower.Isharethisnottoboast,buttoacknowledgeapatterninmylife.Normallifealwaysmademefeeldullwithoutregularadventurestomakemefeelalive.RidingdownavolcanosoundedlikesomethingIcouldn’tletpass.Ihadtroublefindingatourgroupthatwouldtakemealone,whichshouldhavebeenawarning,butIfinallymanagedtofindone.Ibeganthetwo-hourjourneyupthevolcanowithmyguideanddriver.At4,200meters,thevolcanotowersoverthecity.Asthecarmovedoverrockybumps(隆起部分),afamiliarmixoffearandexcitementfilledme—thefeelingofbeingtrulyalive.Atthetop,Iputonthenecessitiesandextraclothes.Atfirst,goingdownthewindingrockypathwaswonderful.IsangLifebyDes’reeasexcitementrushedthroughme.Myguidepointedoutthreeroughshortcutsstraightdowntheslope(斜坡).Isaidnotothefirstthreeastheylookedtoosteep(陡峭的),butfinallyagreedtothefourth.Suddenlythegroundwasalmostata30-degreeangle.Istoppedsinging.Fearshotthroughme.Iyelledloudly.“Goodjob,Mr.Gary!”MyguidelaughedasImadeitdownasteeppart.“Remember,don’tbrakeontheslope.”注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Thebikethenwentalarminglyfast.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Duringmywristinjuryrecovery,I’vereconsideredriskyactivities.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．D2．C3．B【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)，該活動(dòng)始于澳大利亞，現(xiàn)已成為全球最大的基層環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。文章倡導(dǎo)通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單行動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)世界氣候變化，保護(hù)自然環(huán)境。【詳解】1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheOriginofEarthHour部分中第一段中“EarthHourbeganinSydney,Australia,18yearsago.OnMarch31,2007,theAustralianchapteroftheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)askedthecity’sresidentsandbusinessestoswitchoffalllightsforanhour.Overtwomillionhouseholdsand2,100enterprisestookpart.(“地球一小時(shí)”始于18年前的澳大利亞悉尼2007年3月31日，世界自然基金會(huì)（WWF）澳大利亞分會(huì)呼吁該市居民和企業(yè)關(guān)閉所有燈光一小時(shí)。超過(guò)200萬(wàn)戶(hù)家庭和2100家企業(yè)參與了此次活動(dòng))”及第二段中“Thefirstevent’ssuccessgottheworld’sattention.By2009,nearly4,000citiesworldwidehadjoinedtheinitiative.(第一次活動(dòng)的成功引起了全世界的關(guān)注。到2009年，全球近4000個(gè)城市加入了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng))”可知，悉尼首次活動(dòng)的成功吸引了全球關(guān)注，推動(dòng)了地球一小時(shí)的發(fā)展。故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theannualeventencouragedindividualsandbusinessestoturnofftheirlightsforonehour,from8:30to9:30p.m.localtime.Thissymbolicactservesasareminderoftheurgentneedtoprotectourplanetfromclimatechangeandenvironmentaldamage.(這項(xiàng)年度活動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人和企業(yè)從當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間晚上8:30到9:30關(guān)燈一小時(shí)。這一象征性的行為提醒我們，保護(hù)地球免受氣候變化和環(huán)境破壞的緊迫性)”以及TheOriginofEarthHour部分中第一段中“Thissmallactionresultedina10percentreductioninelectricityuseduringatypicaleveninghourinSydney.(這一小小的行動(dòng)使得悉尼一個(gè)典型的夜晚用電量減少了10%)”可推知，“地球一小時(shí)”的主要目標(biāo)是鼓勵(lì)節(jié)能。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheOriginofEarthHour部分中的第二段中“Today,EarthHouristheworld’slargestgrassrootsenvironmentalmovement.Itisobservedinover180countriesandterritories.(“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)是如今世界上最大的基層環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)，超過(guò)180個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)參與其中)”可推知，該活動(dòng)已成為全球廣泛認(rèn)可的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B。【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．D【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了“鐵人”JossNaylor的傳奇人生。他以超凡的毅力和決心著稱(chēng)，盡管面臨多次傷病，他仍創(chuàng)造了多項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄，成為山地跑的象征。【詳解】4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Growinguponafarm,hesufferedmanyinjuries,startingwithapunishmentfromhismother.Atage19,hehadallthecartilage(軟骨)removedfromoneknee,andby22,hehadtwodiscs(椎間盤(pán))removed.(他在農(nóng)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)大，受過(guò)很多傷，最初是來(lái)自母親的懲罰。19歲時(shí)，他摘除了一個(gè)膝蓋上的所有軟骨，22歲時(shí)，他又摘除了兩個(gè)椎間盤(pán))”可知，Naylor的早年生活中經(jīng)常遭受身體上的傷害。故選B。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Doctorstoldhimtoavoidhardexerciseandevengavehimaspecialunderweartowear,whichheignored.Instead,hereturnedtohisworkasasheepfarmer.(醫(yī)生告訴他要避免劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，甚至給他穿了一件特殊的內(nèi)衣，但他沒(méi)有理會(huì)。相反，他回到了牧羊工作中。)”、第四段中“Hequicklytooktheleadbutfelldownbecauseofcramps(肌肉抽筋),finishinglast.Despitethis,hekeptracing,improvingwitheachrace.(他很快就取得了領(lǐng)先，但由于抽筋而摔倒了，最后一名。盡管如此，他還是堅(jiān)持比賽，每一場(chǎng)比賽都在進(jìn)步。)”以及最后一段中“However,noamountofpain,whetherfrominjuriesoranimals,couldstophim.(然而，無(wú)論是受傷還是動(dòng)物帶來(lái)的痛苦，都無(wú)法阻止他。)”可推知，JossNaylor面對(duì)困難和傷痛從不退縮，一直保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Naylor’sfeatswereevenmoreimpressiveconsideringthephysicalchallengeshefaced.(考慮到Naylor所面臨的身體挑戰(zhàn)，他的成就更加令人印象深刻)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Despitethis,hekeptracing,improvingwitheachrace.In1971,aftercompletingtheBobGrahamRound,hesetanewrecordintheNationalThreePeaksChallenge,climbingthehighestpeaksinEngland,ScotlandandWaleswithin12hours,arecordthatstillstands.(盡管如此，他還是堅(jiān)持比賽，每一場(chǎng)比賽都在進(jìn)步。1971年，在完成鮑勃·格雷厄姆環(huán)行后，他在全國(guó)三峰挑戰(zhàn)中創(chuàng)造了新的記錄，在12小時(shí)內(nèi)攀登了英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士的最高峰，這一記錄至今仍保持著。)”以及最后一段中“Naylorfacedcountlessinjuriesovertheyears,includinglosingallhistoenailsandskinonhisfeetduringatwo-dayracein1976.(多年來(lái)，Naylor經(jīng)歷了無(wú)數(shù)次傷病，包括在1976年為期兩天的比賽中失去了所有的腳趾甲和腳上的皮膚)”可推知，Naylor的身體成就之所以非凡，是因?yàn)樗M管受傷仍創(chuàng)造了記錄。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hisreputationgrew,andinJune2024,hundredsoffellrunnershonoredhimbyrunningeightmilesupthevalleynearhishometohisfuneral.(他的名聲越來(lái)越大，2024年6月，數(shù)百名山地跑者為了向他致敬，從他家附近的山谷跑了8英里到他的葬禮上)”可推知，2024年的葬禮事件表明Naylor贏得了跑步者的尊重和欽佩。故選D。【答案】8．C9．D10．A11．D【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人形機(jī)器人存在的問(wèn)題及缺陷。【詳解】8．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherargumentisthatahumanshapemakesiteasierforpeopletoworkwithorcontrolrobots.(另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)的形態(tài)使人們更容易與機(jī)器人合作或控制機(jī)器人)”以及劃線單詞所在的句子“especiallysincemanyofthesemachinesstillneedskilledhumanoperators.(尤其是考慮到許多這樣的機(jī)器仍然需要熟練的人類(lèi)操作員)”可知，另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)的外形讓人們更容易與機(jī)器人合作或控制機(jī)器人，特別是考慮到許多這樣的機(jī)器仍然需要熟練的人類(lèi)操作員，這有一定道理，因此，劃線短語(yǔ)“holdssomewater”意思是“有一定道理”。故選C。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenElonMuskintroducedTesla’sOptimusrobotin2021,heproudlyclaimeditcouldteach,babysit,walkdogs,fetchgroceries,orpourdrinks.Yetthoserobotsweren’tAI-driven,andeachwascontrolledbyahiddenhuman.(2021年，當(dāng)埃隆·馬斯克介紹特斯拉的Optimus機(jī)器人時(shí)，他自豪地宣稱(chēng)，它可以教學(xué)、照顧孩子、遛狗、取雜貨或倒飲料。然而，這些機(jī)器人并不是人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的，每個(gè)機(jī)器人都由一個(gè)隱藏的人控制)”可推知，作者提到特斯拉的Optimus機(jī)器人是為了表明它是由人類(lèi)控制的。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yes,humanoidrobotslookimpressive.Theyremindusofthefantasiesinsciencefictionswheremachineshandlealldifficulttasks.Buttoday,theyaremostlymarketingtools,maskinghumanlabor.Andarobotthatdoesn’ttrulyimprovelifeismissingthepoint.(是的，人形機(jī)器人看起來(lái)令人印象深刻。它們讓我們想起科幻小說(shuō)中的幻想，機(jī)器可以處理所有困難的任務(wù)。但在今天，它們大多是營(yíng)銷(xiāo)工具，掩蓋了人類(lèi)的勞動(dòng)。一個(gè)不能真正改善生活的機(jī)器人是沒(méi)有意義的)”可推知，作者對(duì)人形機(jī)器人持懷疑態(tài)度。故選A。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarebuildinghumanoidrobots,andthesemechanicallook-alikesarestartingtoappearincarfactoriesanddeliveryplaces.Somebusinessesevenpromiserobotsforhomeuse.Yetonebigquestionstillhasnoanswer:Whybother?Whymakearobotinahumanshapewhenitcouldtakeanyimaginableform?(越來(lái)越多的公司正在制造人形機(jī)器人，這些機(jī)械外觀相似的機(jī)器人開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)在汽車(chē)工廠和送貨地點(diǎn)。一些企業(yè)甚至承諾將機(jī)器人用于家庭。然而，一個(gè)大問(wèn)題仍然沒(méi)有答案：為什么要費(fèi)心呢？既然機(jī)器人可以采取任何想象的形式，為什么還要把它做成人的形狀呢？)”以及結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要討論了人形機(jī)器人雖然看起來(lái)令人印象深刻，但目前大多只是營(yíng)銷(xiāo)工具，掩蓋了人類(lèi)的勞動(dòng)，并沒(méi)有真正改善生活。文章分析了人們制造人形機(jī)器人的原因，并指出其存在的問(wèn)題?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“為什么人形機(jī)器人達(dá)不到預(yù)期”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．C13．D14．D15．C【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)對(duì)全球54項(xiàng)睡眠研究的分析，指出非工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們實(shí)際上睡得更少，工業(yè)社會(huì)的人平均睡眠時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，且工業(yè)社會(huì)的環(huán)境更適合睡眠。作者反駁了“現(xiàn)代生活方式是導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的原因”這一觀念?！驹斀狻?2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““EveryoneIspeaktoinCanadaandtheUScomplainsaboutpoorsleep,”saysLeelaMcKinnonfromtheUniversityofTorontoMississauga.“Butthedatadoesn’tsupportthat.”(‘在加拿大和美國(guó)遇到的每個(gè)人都抱怨睡眠不好，’多倫多密西沙加大學(xué)的LeelaMcKinnon說(shuō)?！珨?shù)據(jù)并不支持這一點(diǎn)?！?”可知，LeelaMcKinnon認(rèn)為人們對(duì)睡眠的抱怨被夸大了。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Samsonbelievesthatpeopleinindustrializedsocietiessleeplongerandbetterbecausetheirenvironmentismoresuitableforsleep.“Weseethatwe’vemadesomerealgainsinthesafetyandsecurityofoursleepsites,”hesays.“Wenolongerneedtoworryaboutrivalgroupsorpredatorsatnight.”(Samson認(rèn)為，工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們睡得更長(zhǎng)、更好，因?yàn)樗麄兊沫h(huán)境更適合睡眠?！覀兛吹?，我們?cè)谒邎?chǎng)所的安全保障方面取得了一些實(shí)實(shí)在在的進(jìn)步，’他說(shuō)?！覀儾辉傩枰獡?dān)心晚上有敵對(duì)團(tuán)體或捕食者?！?”可知，工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們睡得更好是因?yàn)樗麄兊乃攮h(huán)境更安全。故選D。14．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Muchhasbeendiscussedabouthowmodernlifestylesleadtoinsufficientsleep,unlikeourancestorswholivedinsimplertimes.However,ananalysiso