1UNITThreadsoftheselfUponcompletionofthisunit,youwillbeableto:discusssomebehavioralandcognitiveeffectsthatareprevalentinhumansociety;exploredifferentcognitiveandpsychologicalprocesses,patterns,andbiasesrelatedtoself-development;identifypersonalstrengthsandcultivateapositivemindset.Learningobjectives

WarmingupListening&speakingViewing&speakingUnitproject

FurtherlisteningCONTENTS12345WarmingupSelf-awareness:Whenandwhy?Self-awarenessisoftendefinedas“consciousknowledgeofone’sowncharacter,feelings,motives,anddesires.”Whatcantriggerself-awareness?Doyouthinkself-awarenessisimportantforyourgrowth?Forexample,howdoesitimpactyourdecision-makingandgoalsetting?Shareyouranswerswithapartner.WarmingupSelf-awarenesscanbetriggeredinvariousways.Itcanbeevokedwhenweexploreandacquirenewknowledge.Forexample,readingbookswhichexposeustonewinformation,ideas,anddiverseperspectivesmayinspireustolookintoourinnerselvestoobserveandexamineourthoughtsandbeliefs.Similarly,tryingnewexperiences,suchasstartingnewhobbiesortravelingtonewplaces,canalsopromoteself-awareness.Whenwechangeourroutines,wewillplaceourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsorenvironments,whichwillencourageustoreflectonourusualwaysofdecision-making.Thisoftenhelpstorevealourhiddenstrengthsandweaknesses.Anotherwaytodevelopself-awarenessisbylisteningtoothers.Throughcommunication,wecanreceiveconstructivefeedbackfromfriendsorcolleaguestohelpusgetoutofourownboxesandgainagreaterunderstandingofourselves.ReferenceanswersWarmingupSelf-awarenessplaysavitalroleinourgrowth,asit’scrucialtoourunderstandingofwhoweareandwhatwecando.Deeperself-awarenesscanhelpusmakedecisionsinlinewithourvalueandpotentialsinourlives.Forexample,whenwechooseourmajors,theconsciousknowledgeofourinterestsandcapabilitiesallowsustonarrowdownourchoicesandoptforthedisciplinesthatourabilitiesfitmost.Self-awarenessalsohelpsusassessourskillsandlimitations,enablingustosetrealisticgoals,reviewthemperiodically,andmakeadaptationstopursueourgoals.Inanutshell,self-awarenessempowersustolistentoourinnervoicesandnavigateourliveswithgreaterclarityandpurpose.ReferenceanswersWarmingupPublicself-awarenessvs.privateself-awarenessPublicself-awarenessinvolvesbeingawareofhowweappeartoothers,whileprivateself-awarenessisaboutrecognizingandreflectingonourinternalthoughtsandemotions.Readthefollowingstatementsanddeterminewhichonesrepresentpublicandprivateself-awarenessrespectively.1.IoftenreviewmygoalsandprogresstoensurethatI’mstridingtowardmydreams.2.Ilovemeditationbecauseithelpsmeunderstandmyemotionsbetter.3.InoticehowmytonechangeswhenI’mtalkingtodifferentgroupsofpeople.4.I’mawareofhowpeoplemightjudgemebasedonmysocialmediaposts.5.ItrytodressappropriatelyforimportanteventsbecauseIwanttomakeagoodimpression.6.IfeelnervousspeakinginfrontofalargeaudiencebecauseIworryabouthowIlookandsound.7.IspendtimereflectingonwhyIfeltsoupsetafterfallingoutwithmyfriend.WarmingupPublicself-awareness:3,4,5,63.InoticehowmytonechangeswhenI’mtalkingtodifferentgroupsofpeople.4.I’mawareofhowpeoplemightjudgemebasedonmysocialmediaposts.5.ItrytodressappropriatelyforimportanteventsbecauseIwanttomakeagoodimpression.6.IfeelnervousspeakinginfrontofalargeaudiencebecauseIworryabouthowIlookandsound.Privateself-awareness:1,2,71.IoftenreviewmygoalsandprogresstoensurethatI’mstridingtowardmydreams.2.Ilovemeditationbecauseithelpsmeunderstandmyemotionsbetter.7.IspendtimereflectingonwhyIfeltsoupsetafterfallingoutwithmyfriend.Referenceanswers12345Listening&speakingConversationPassage1Passage2Lecture

WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSunleash

vt.

突然釋放，發(fā)泄（力量、感情等）legendarya.

非常有名的；大名鼎鼎的shacklen.

枷鎖；桎梏absorptionn.

專注；全神貫注CoversationListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingConversationListening&speakingAsweallknow,believinginone’sownpotentialcanpavethewaytosuccess.Nowlistentoaconversationandcompletethenoteswithwhatyouhear.Listeningandunderstanding1It’snamedafterRogerBannister,whobrokethelegendary1)intheone-mileruninMay1954.Hisachievementchangedthe2)peoplehadbuiltaroundthegoal,inspiringotherstobreakhisrecordinsuccession.Oncepeopleare3)theirmentalconstraints,successfollowsnaturally.TheBannistereffectfour-minutebarriermentalframereleasedfromIt’sapopularterm,referringtoastatewhichcan4)

andenableustoexcelinbothourworkandstudies.“Flow”isthestateofcompleteabsorptioninourtasks,whichcanincreaseour5)byuptofivetimes.ConversationListening&speakingListeningandunderstanding“Flow”stateboost/optimizeourperformancemotivationandproductivityConversationListening&speakingListentotheconversationagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Listeningandunderstanding2____1.Themanisinterestedinabookonhowtodiscoverandunleashotherpeople’spotential.____2.BeforeBannister’sfeat,itwasconsideredimpossibletorunamilewithinfourminutes.____3.Bannister’srecordwassoonsurpassedbyotherathletes,includingteenagers.____4.Bannister’ssuccessencouragedpeopletoimprovetheirtraining.____5.Thetrustinourpotentialislikelytohelpusstayfullyimmersedinourtasks.FTTTFConversationListening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsScriptsWoman:HeyStephen,whatareyoudoing?Man:I’mreadingabookaboutself-discoveryandhowtounleashone’spotential.Woman:Anythinginteresting?Man:Yes,itisquiteinteresting.HaveyouheardoftheBannistereffect?Woman:No,what’sthatabout?Man:It’sabouthowthebeliefthatsomethingispossiblecanboostourperformance.TheeffectisnamedafterRogerBannister,whoranamilein3minutes59.4secondsonMay6,1954,breakingthelegendaryfour-minutebarrier.Beforehedidit,noonethoughtitcouldbedone.Butafterhisachievement,others,eventeenagers,brokehisrecord,oneaftertheother.ConversationListening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsScriptsWoman:Wow,that’sunbelievable!Howcomepeoplebecamestrongerallofasudden?Man:No,peopledidn’tsuddenlybecomestronger,andthephysicalrequirementsforrunningamileinlessthanfourminutesremainedthesame.Whatchangedwasthementalframetheyhadbuiltaroundthegoal.Whatusedtobeimpossiblewasnowseenaspossible.Achievementscamenaturallyoncepeoplewerereleasedfromtheshacklesoftheirminds.Woman:So,youmeanweshouldshiftourperspectiveandbelieveinourpotential.

ConversationListening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsScriptsMan:Absolutely.Believinginone’spotentialleadstopeoplesettinghigheryetachievablegoals.Thesegoals,whenalignedwithourskills,provideacleardirectionforourefforts.Also,whenwebelieveinourpotential,we’remorelikelytoengageintaskswithapositive,focusedmind.Allthesemayhelpdriveusintoa“flow”stateandboostourperformance.Woman:“Flowstate.”It’saverypopulartermthesedays.I’vereadabouthowitcanoptimizeourperformanceandhelpusexcelinourworkandstudies.

ConversationListening&speakingListeningandunderstandingScriptsScriptsMan:Yes.“Flow”isthestateofcompleteabsorptioninwhatwe’redoing,whichcanincreaseourmotivationandproductivity–sometimesbyupto500%.Woman:Igetit.Tostriveforhigherachievements,wefirstneedtobelieveinourownpotential,andthenentertheflowstateforbetterperformance.That’sinspiring.ConversationListening&speakingThinkingandspeakingBreakingourmentalshacklesAswehavelearnedfromtheconversation,breakingourmentalshacklescanunleashourpotentialandturntheimpossibleintothepossible.Workingroupstothinkofthemosteffectivewaystoshatterourmentalrestrictionsandachieveourgoals.Giveyourreasonsbriefly.ConversationListening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersTome,themosteffectivewaystoshattermentalrestrictionsincludechallengingestablishedbeliefsandmovingoutsideofourcomfortzones.Veryoften,thoseestablishedbeliefs,imposedbyeitherourselvesorothersaroundus,canbelimiting.Bychallengingthesebeliefs,wecancreateachancetofreeourselvesfromthelimits.Wecancarefullyevaluatethoselimitingbeliefs,identifytheaspectsforgrowthandtakestepstocreateimprovementlittlebylittle.Thisprocesswillallowustodismantletheconstraintsandreassessourcapabilities.Additionally,wecanalsopushourselvestowalkoutofourcomfortzones.Frightening,though,wecanbreakitdownintosmallandmanageablesteps.ConversationListening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersForexample,wecanstartbychangingasmallpartofourroutineandthenaccumulategradualchangestowardourgoal.Whennewtrialsorpathwaysbringanxiety,wecanremindourselvesofthevalueofpatience.Withpatienceandresilience,thesesmallandachievablestepscanadduptomilestones.Finally,wecanbreakourmentalshacklesandachieveourgoalsbychallengingestablishedbeliefsandwalkingoutofourcomfortzone.ConversationListening&speakingThinkingandspeaking“Flow”stateFlowisthestateofbeingcompletelyabsorbedinwhatwedo,whichcansignificantlyboostourmotivationandproductivity.Haveyoueverexperienceda“flow”state?Whatdoyouusuallydotogetyourselfina“flow”state?Shareyourexperienceswithyourgroupmembers.ConversationListening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersTogetmyselfina“flow”state,Iusuallybeginbyfindingaquietandcozyenvironment,suchasacornerinthelibrary.BeforeIstartmywork,Iwillmakeato-dolistandroughlyschedulemytimefortheintendedtasksoftheday.Iliketoarrangetasksdemandingintensivethinkinginthemorningandthoseinvolvinginterpersonalinteractionsattheendoftheday.Ialsoliketobreakmyworkupintosmallerchunkstomakemeaningfulandtangibleprogress.Aftermakingmyplanfortheday,Iwillmakemyselfacupoftea,andturnoffmyphonenotificationstogetintotherightmindsettoimmersemyselffullyinmywork.Passage1Listening&speaking

WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSmimetic

a.

模仿的；模擬的nurture

vt.發(fā)展；培養(yǎng)recollection

n.回憶ListeningandunderstandingPassage1Listening&speakingHumandesirescanbeclassifiedintodifferenttypes.Whatdodifferentdesiresmeantoourlives?Nowlistentoapassageandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyouhear.1HumandesiresThickdesires?Like1)____________builtupthroughoutourlives?Relatedto2)________ofouridentity?Associatedwith3)_______________liketruth,beauty,goodness,andhumandignityThindesires?Highlymimeticand4)_________?5)_________thewindsofmimeticchangebecausetheyarenotbuiltupovertimeListeningandunderstandinglayersofrock thecoreeternalconceptsshort-livedSubjecttoPassage1Listening&speakinghumandesires?Ratherthananenemytoahappyandbalancedlife,desirecanbethe6)_________________________.?Theabilitytodifferentiatebetweenthickandthindesireswilltelluswhatdesirestonurtureandwhatdesiresto7)______.ListeningandunderstandingengineofgreaterawarenessletgoPassage1Listening&speakingListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.2Listeningandunderstanding1.Long-termpursuits.Ouressence.Externalinfluence.Personalfulfillment.

Passage1Listening&speakingListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.2Listeningandunderstanding2.Ithelpsusidentifyandfollowcurrentsocialtrends.Ithelpsusnurturedesiresthatleadtoultimatefulfillment.Ithelpsusprioritizedesiresthataremorerealistic.Ithelpsusremoveobstaclestoahappyandbalancedlife.Passage1Listening&speakingListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.2Listeningandunderstanding3.Wewillstruggletoletgoofourthickdesires.Wewillfailtolistentolife,others,orourdesires.Wewillbepulledindifferentdirections.Wewillbecomeeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Passage1Listening&speakingListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.2Listeningandunderstanding4.Byunderstandingdifferentoptionsinourlives.Bycomparingourdesireswiththoseofothers.Byreflectingonmeaningfulandfulfillingmoments.Byexaminingemergingsocialtrendsandpatterns.Listening&speakingScriptsScriptsHumandesireisacomplexelementthatgiveslifemeaning.Therearetwokindsofhumandesires:thickandthin.Thickdesiresarelikelayersofrockthathavebeenbuiltupthroughoutthecourseofourlives.They’rerelatedtothecoreofwhoweare.Theycanberelatedtoeternalconceptsliketruth,beauty,goodness,andhumandignity.Thindesires,ontheotherhand,arehighlymimeticandshort-lived.Whenwedon’tknowwhattodesire,welooktootherpeopleforguidance.Thesedesiresaresubjecttothewindsofmimeticchangebecausethey’renotbuiltupovertime.Manypeoplemaydiscoverthattheircareersaretheresultofthindesires,easilyinfluencedbyotherpeoplebecausetheyarenotrootedinthickdesires.

Passage1ListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingScriptsScriptsDesireisnotanenemyofahappyandbalancedlife;itcanbetheengineofgreaterawareness.Beingabletodifferentiatebetweenthickandthindesiresiscrucial.Itwilltelluswhatdesirestonurtureandwhatdesirestoletgobecausethelatterdoesn’tleadtoultimatefulfillment.Inourdailylives,we’repushedandpulledinamilliondifferentdirections.Ifwedon’tfindtimeforrecollection,wewon’tbeabletolistentoourlives,tolistentoothers,andtounderstandthewayourdesiresgrowandemerge.Tohavedesiresbetterguideourlife,wemustreflectonthosemomentsthatwefinddeeplymeaningfulandfulfilling.Byexaminingthosemoments,wewillprobablyfindapattern,revealingwherewefindfulfillmentandwhatwetrulydesire.Passage1ListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingScriptsScriptsQuestions1.Whichofthefollowingisrelevanttothindesires?2.Whyisitcrucialtodifferentiatebetweenthickandthindesires?3.Whatwillhappenifwedon’ttaketimetoreflect?4.Howcanwehaveourdesiresbetterguideourlife?Passage1ListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingThinkingandspeakingThickdesiresvs.thindesiresWehavelearnedfromthepassagethathumandesiresmotivateustomakedifferentchoices.Discusshowthesedesiresinfluencethedecisionswemakeinvariousaspectsoflife,suchasrelationships,studies,andcareers.Passage1Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersInmyopinion,thickdesiresguideustolookdeeperintoourinnerselvesandunderstandwhoweareandwhatwewant.Therefore,thickdesiresmotivateustoshapeafuture-orientedmindsetandmakedecisionsfortheachievementofourlong-termgoals,suchasnurturinghealthyandmeaningfulrelationshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandaspirations,sharpeningourskillsforcareergrowth,etc.Thindesires,ontheotherhand,aremorelikelytobeaffectedbyexternalinfluencessuchasshort-livedsocialtrends,orpeerpressure.Focusingonthindesiresmayleadustoswingfromonetransientinteresttoanother,makeimpulsivedecisions,andgetlostinthepursuitofmomentarypleasure.Passage1Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingDesireasanengineofgreaterawarenessInadditiontomotivatingouractions,desirecanalsodeepenourself-awareness.Workingroupstodiscusshowthepursuitofdesireshelpsusbetterunderstandourselvesandthetruevaluesinlife.Passage1Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersFirstofall,thedifferentiationbetweenthickandthindesireswilldeepenourunderstandingofthevaluesweholdinourlives.Inpursuingourdesires,wewillgraduallyidentifywhatcanbringuslastingfulfillmentandwhatcanmerelyprovidefleetingsatisfaction.Thiscandriveustoclarifywhatcountsmostinourlivesandrefineourcorevalues.Secondly,thepursuitofourdesiresisalsoajourneyofbuildingourcharacter.Wewillinevitablyencounterchallenges,setbacks,andsuccesses,allofwhichwillbecomepartofourexperienceandhelpcultivateoptimism,discipline,andotheressentialqualitiesthatcanmakeusintowell-roundedpeople.Finally,chasingourdesirescanleadtodeepself-reflection.Passage1Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersToalignourdecisionswithourauthenticneeds,weoftenneedtoaskourselvesquestionstoevaluateouractionsandtheirconsequences.Indoingso,wewillmakemoreconsciouschoicesanddevelopgreaterself-awareness.Passage1Passage2Listening&speakingListeningandunderstanding

WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSconscious

a.有意識的automatic

a.

不自覺的；無意識的unfold

vi.

發(fā)生reinforcement

n.

加強(qiáng)；強(qiáng)化default

n.

常規(guī)做法Passage2Listening&speakingHabitsareanessentialpartofourlife,oftenshapingourbehaviorswithoutourawareness.Howdohabitsform?Howcanwechangehabits?Nowlistentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsyouhear.1Listeningandunderstanding1.Elevatorusagedecreasedby16percent.Elevatorusagedecreasedbyathird.Peoplenoticedthesignspromotinghealthyhabits.Peopleusedtheelevatorasusualoutofhabit.Passage2Listening&speakingListeningandunderstanding2.Todemonstratethathabitsoftenresultfromthecreativedesignofroutines.Toemphasizethathabitscanoftenbenurturedthroughcommunication.Tohighlightthathabitsareofteninfluencedbypeople’shealthconcerns.Toillustratethathabitsoftendriveouractionswithoutusrealizingit.Passage2Listening&speakingListeningandunderstanding3.Consciouseffortsoftensimplifyourunderstandingofhabits.Habitsarestoredinthebrainbelowconsciousawareness.Willpowerplaysaminorroleintheformationofhabits.Changinglong-establishedhabitsrequirescreativity.4.Givingrewardstoyourbrain.Understandinghowhabitswork.Turningtounfamiliarcontexts.Avoidingenvironmentalcues.Passage2Listening&speakingListentothepassageagainandcompletethenoteswithwhatyouhear.2ListeningandunderstandingThe

three-partprocessofahabit-loopCueor1)___________Ittellsyourbraintogointoautomatic2)________andletabehaviorunfold.RoutineIt’sthe3)_____________.Reward?It’ssomethingthatyourbrainlikesthathelpsit4)________________________inthefuture.?Onlythrough5)_________andreinforcementcanthishabitloopgraduallydevelopand6)_________.triggermodebehavioritselfrememberthehabitlooprepetitionfirmupListening&speakingScriptsScriptsWeactonhabitsmuchmorethanwe’reawareof.Backinthe1980s,someresearcherswantedtoconvincepeopleinafour-storyofficebuildingtousethestairsbyputtingupsignsthatread“It’sgoodtotakethestairs–It’sgoodforyourhealth.”Butithadnoeffect.Theseverycreativeresearchersthenslowedtheclosingoftheelevatordoorby16seconds.Thiswasenoughtodiscouragepeoplefromusingit,andelevatorusereducedbyathird.Evenaftertheclosingofthedoorwasreturnedtonormal,peoplecontinuedtotakethestairsoutofhabit.Passage2ListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingScriptsScriptsOften,itfeelslikewhenweexerciseself-control,ourhabitswillchange.Butthisbeliefoversimplifiesthecomplexinteractionbetweenourconsciouseffortsandlong-establishedhabits.Storedinthepartofthebrainthatoperatesbelowthelevelofconsciousawareness,habitsarehardtoformorchangewithwillpoweralone.Itturnsoutthateveryhabitstartswithapatterncalleda“habitloop,”whichisathree-partprocess.First,there’sacue,ortrigger,thattellsyourbraintogointoautomaticmodeandletabehaviorunfold.Thenthere’stheroutine,whichisthebehavioritself.Thethirdpartisthereward:somethingthatyourbrainlikesthathelpsitrememberthehabitloopinthefuture.Onlythroughrepetitionandreinforcementcanthishabitloopgraduallydevelopandfirmup.Passage2ListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingScriptsScriptsThus,breakingoldhabitsandformingnewonesinvolvesnotonlywillpowerbutalsounderstandinghowhabitswork,manipulatingenvironmentalcues,and,mostimportantly,allowingtimefornewpatternstodevelopintoautomaticresponses.Thesenewhabits,onceestablished,requirelessself-controltomaintainastheybecomethenewdefaultactionsourbrainturnstoinfamiliarcontexts.Questions：

1.Whatwastheresultofslowingtheclosingofelevatordoors?2.Whydoesthespeakergivetheexampleofelevatoruse?3.Whyiswillpoweraloneinsufficientforchanginghabits?4.Whatisnecessaryforbreakingoldhabitsandformingnewones?Passage2ListeningandunderstandingListening&speakingThinkingandspeakingThehabitloopInthepassageyouhavejustheard,thespeakerintroducestheconceptofthehabitloop,whichincludesthecue/trigger,routine,andreward.Canyouthinkofexamplesthatshowhowhabitsareformedfollowingthispattern?Shareyourownexperiencesorobservationsinyourgrouptoillustratehowthehabitloopoperatesindailylife.Passage2Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersI’dliketosharehowIdevelopedahabitofreading-aloudeverymorning.Iusedtowakeupeverymorningtiredandwithafoggybrain.Butonedayduringmysummervacation,Ihappenedtoturnontheradioandlistentoaprogramofrecitationofpoemswithsoftmusic.Thecombinationofbeautifulwordsandcalmingmelodieshelpedwakemeupandclearmymind.IwassocaptivatedbytheprogramthatIdecidedtotryitinmyownway.Thatexperiencebecamethe“trigger”formyroutine.Fromthenon,Iwouldstartmydaybyreadingaloudbeautifulpoemsoressaysbymyfavoritewriterseverymorning,accompaniedbymelodiousbackgroundmusic.Inmycurrentroutine,Iusuallydedicatehalfanhoureachmorningtothispractice,whichhelpsmeappreciatetheelegantlanguageandwisdomofgreatwriters.Theserewardshavemadethishabitasignificantmorningritual.Passage2Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingBreakingbadhabitsThespeakergivesaninterestingexampletoillustratethatchanginghabitssometimesrequirescreativity.Workingroupstodiscusssomebadhabitsthatyoungpeoplehaveincommon,andcomeupwithcreativestrategiestobreakthem.Passage2Listening&speakingThinkingandspeakingReferenceanswersI’dliketotalkaboutthebadhabitofstayinguplate,whichisquitecommonamongyoungpeopledespiteitsnegativeimpactonbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Isuggestmakingthebestoftechnologytohelpbreakthisbadhabit.Firstofall,wecaninstallsmartcontrollerstoautomateoursleepingenvironment.Forexample,bysettingupautomaticprogramstodimlampsandplaysoothingmusicataspecifictime,wecancreateasleep-inducingatmospherethatsignalsit’stimetogetreadyforsleep.Additionally,wecanschedulea“nightmode”onourmobilephonesandcomputerstopromptourselvestowalkawayfromscreens.WecanalsosetupAIspeakerstowakeusupthenextmorningplayingsweetmelodiesandpraisingusforsleepingearly.Thiscanreinforceoureffortsfromthenightbeforeandmotivateustoformahealthiersleepingnight.Passage2LectureListening&speakingListeningandunderstanding

WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSoverestimatevt.對…估計(jì)過好；對…估計(jì)過高competence

n.

能力；勝任constructive

a.建設(shè)性的；積極的indicationn.跡象；標(biāo)示LectureListening&speakingObjectivelyassessingourowncompetenceisnoeasytask.Understandingcognitivebiasescancontributetoabetterevaluationofourcapabilities.Nowlistentoalectureandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyouhear.1ListeningandunderstandingTheDunning-KrugereffectPeople’slackof1)__________________inaparticulararealeadsthemtooverestimatetheirowncompetence.Conversely,peoplewho2)__________________mayassumethatothersfindthetaskequallysimple.knowledgeandskillexcelinagivenareaLectureListening&speakingListeningandunderstandingImpactsoftheeffectDuetothebias,youmayassumethatwhatcomeseasilytoyouisalsoeasyforothers,overlookingthefactthattheworkis3)_______________forothers.Thiscanholdyoufromspottingyourown4)_____________________.Ontheotherhand,mistakingsomethingneworchallengingforbeingeasymightleadyoutothe5)_______ofhavingspottedyourtalents,whichmaycauseyoutomake6)____________________aboutthechancesorcareersyoupursue.morechallengingspecialtiesandtalentsillusionlessinformeddecisionsLectureListening&speakingListeningandunderstandingBenefitsofunderstandigtheeffectUnderstandingtheeffectcanhelpyoudeterminewhentotrustyourownabilitiesandwhentoseekadvicefrom7)____________________.Understandingtheeffectcanmakeyouconsciousofyourownblindspots,lendingyouthechanceto8)__________________________.HowtoavoidtheeffectYoucanavoiditbybeingopentofeedback,takingitasanindicationofyour9)______________andusingitmindfullytoprogress.moreobjectivesourcesadjustyourself-perceptionsknowledgegapsLectureListening&speaki