選擇性必修Book3Unit2HealthyLifestyle（B卷·能力提升練）（時(shí)間：90分鐘滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANoonehaseverseenateenageelephanthesitantlysitdownatthefamilydinnertablewithearphonesonandoccasionallygiveone-wordanswerstoquestions.However,itturnsoutthatadolescentelephants(elephantswhicharenolongerchildrenbutnotyetadults)exhibitotherbehaviorsthatparentsofhumanteensmightrecognize.“They’reinnocent.Theyhavealottolearnandtheymakemistakes,”CynthiaMoss,anelephantexpertinKenyasaid.Thisisparticularlytrueformaleelephants.Theylearnthatiftheyruincrops,theygetbeatenupandthendie.“It’sjustlikeyounghumanmaleswhodrivetoofast,”Mosssaid.BarbaraNatterson,aHarvardbiologistpointedoutthatadolescentanimalsfrequentlyputthemselvesindangerintentionally.Thisbehaviorisseenthroughouttheanimalworld.Theadultsofanyspeciesmayconsidersomeactionsoftheiryounglow-judgmentandhigh-risk;however,theseactionsactuallyserveapurpose.Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.Theideathatadolescentsarehard-wiredtotaketheseriskscanhelppeopleunderstandhumanteens’behavior.“Teensseemdriventotrynewthingsandtestboundariesintheirownversionof‘predatorinspection’,”Nattersonsaid.“Theytrytohaveasmanyexperiencesastheycanbeforetheyleavethenest.”Anotherkeyaspectofadolescenceisanincreaseintimespentwanderingingroups.Adolescenceismarkedbyhighlevelsofpeerpressureaswellasnear-disaster.Scientistshavefoundthatadolescentsofallkindsaremorelikelytomakedangerousmoveswhilewithpeers.LaurenceSteinberg,apsychologyprofessoratTempleUniversity,foundsimilaritiesbetweenmiceandhumangroupadolescentbehavior.Hesetuptwoexperiments.Oneinvolvedmice,halfofwhichwereadolescents,drinkingethanol-.spiked(添加乙醇的)water.Theotherinvolvedhumanteensplayingavideogamethatreproduceddrivingconditions.“Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.”ThesefindingsfitwithwhatSteinbergsaysisanothermulti-speciesadolescentquality:thedesiretosocialize.“Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.“IfIsayteenagersaresocialanimals,Ithinktheword‘a(chǎn)nimal’isjustasimportantinthatsentenceastheword‘social’.”Whiledoingtheirstudy,bothNattersonandSteinbergwereraisingahumanteenintheirhomes.Theirdesiretounderstandanimalswasdrivenbywantingtounderstandtheirownchildren.Theyhopetheirfindingswillhelppeoplewhoareraisingadolescents.1.AccordingtoNatterson,whatisariskybutvaluableactionforadolescentanimals?A.Watchingenemies’behaviorupclose.B.Observinganadulthuntingalargeanimal.C.Challengingpredatorswithotheradolescents.D.Gatheringinformationwiththehelpofparents.2.Steinberg’sexperimentsfound______.A.adolescentanimalsarelesslikelytogetdrunkwhilewithpeersB.teenagersarenotwillingtobesociableinthepresenceofpeersC.bothadolescentanimalsandhumanteensareaffectedbypeerpressureDpeerpressureismorecommoninadolescentanimalsthaninhumanteens3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Adolescentanimalslongtosocializewithteenagers.B.Socializingwithpeersisonequalitythatadolescentsshare.C.“Social”isawordthatcanbeinterpretedindifferentways.D.Theimportanceofsocializinghasbeenrealizedbyteenagers.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明實(shí)驗(yàn)證明青少年動(dòng)物和青少年人類類似，會(huì)故意冒險(xiǎn)、受到同伴壓力的影響。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.”（一個(gè)例子是一種稱為“捕食者檢查”的做法，這意味著青少年動(dòng)物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危險(xiǎn)的代價(jià)是它們可以觀察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它們收集各種各樣的信息，使它們成年后更安全。）可知，對(duì)于青少年動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，接近它們的敵人——捕食者，并觀察捕食者的行為是危險(xiǎn)但有價(jià)值的。故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段““Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.””（斯坦伯格說(shuō)：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在有同齡人在場(chǎng)的情況下，青少年老鼠比它們獨(dú)自一人時(shí)喝得更多，而且駕駛研究中的青少年在別人在場(chǎng)時(shí)也會(huì)冒更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”）可知，青少年動(dòng)物和人類會(huì)受到同伴壓力的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.”（斯坦伯格說(shuō)：“在大多數(shù)情況下，青少年，無(wú)論是人還是動(dòng)物，都喜歡和其他青少年在一起?！保┛芍?，斯坦伯格認(rèn)為青少年的動(dòng)物和人類都喜歡和其他青少年在一起，動(dòng)物和人類是類似的，都具有與同齡人交往的特征，劃線句子表示“與同齡人交往是青少年共有的一種特征?！惫蔬xB項(xiàng)。BUrbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.Byputtinginthedifferentroutesbywhichvehiclescantravelbetweenlocations,researchershavedevelopedanewcomputeralgorithm(運(yùn)算法則)thathelpsquantifyregionsofjamsinurbanareasandsuggestswaysaroundthem.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.Theteamapproachedtheissuebydesigningacomputeralgorithmtocapturethetopology-orrelationshipbetweenthedifferentroutesbetweenlocations-ofroadnetworks.“WefoundthatthemostsignificanttrafficbottlenecksinManhattanseemtoariseasaresultofthecity’sstructurallayout,”saidstudyco-authorDanielCarmody.“Forexample,thefactthatabridgeentersManhattanatarangewheretrafficisalreadylimitedduetoCentralParkslowstrafficintheareaconsiderably.”TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.Manhattanhasalongandthinstructure,whileChengduisround.Therearesignificantdifferencesinthewaytrafficmovesbetweenthesetwodifferentsetups,theresearcherssaid.“ThebottlenecksinChengduseemtoariseduetothefunctionofthebuildingsinaparticulararea”Carmodysaid.“Forexample,itishardtotravelinandoutofthecentralbusinessdistrictinChengdubecauseofthelargeamountoftrafficalone.Beltways,orfasterstreetsaroundbusyareas,haveemergedincirclesaroundthisarea,whichisnotsurprisingbecausethisfeaturewasintentionallybuiltintothecity.”InManhattan,thebridgesandunderpassesthatformtheentryandexitpointscausetrafficslowdowns.However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly,forminganewtrafficbeltwaywiththesouthernendofCentralParkactingasablockbetweenlowerandcentralManhattan.“ItsurprisedusthatthereisanemergentbeltwayinsuchabusyareaofManhattan,”Carmodysaid.“Thisindicatesthat,unlikeinChengdu,beltwaysseemtoarisefromdriverbehaviorevenwhentheyaren’tpartofthestructuralplanofatrafficnetwork.”“Theresearchershaveimaginedthatthistechnologycouldgiveurbanplannersameanstoquantifytrafficpatterns,leadingtobettertraffic,”Carmodysaid.“Asmethodsoftransportationdevelop,newproblemswillemerge,andwehopethatourtoolswillgiveplannersnewwaystomeasurewhatisgoingonwithcitytraffic.”4.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatcontributestotrafficjamsinManhattan?A.Thenumberofbottlenecksandbeltways.B.Thelocationofbridgesandunderpasses.C.Roadfacilitiesanddriverbehavior.D.Roadsignsandurbanpopulation.5.ResearchersalsostudiedChengduinorderto.A.comparethelayoutsofthetwocitiesB.findbetterinfrastructureforonecityC.designtrafficpatternswiththealgorithmD.assesstheeffectivenessofthealgorithm6.WhydovehiclesmovefasterinlowerManhattan?A.Becauseoflowerpostedspeedlimits.B.Becausedriversfollowthetrafficrules.C.Becauseitisplannedinthetrafficnetwork.D.Becauseabeltwayhasemergedaroundthearea.7.Whoisthetargetofthisnewcomputeralgorithm?A.Cityplanners.B.Slowerdrivers.C.Infrastructuredevelopers.D.Roadsigndesigners.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員開(kāi)發(fā)出了一種新的計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)算法則，該法則可以幫助城市規(guī)劃者量化城市地區(qū)的擁堵區(qū)域，處理交通堵塞的問(wèn)題。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.(這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《物理學(xué)雜志：復(fù)雜性》上的研究，利用紐約市出租車的交通速度，展示了道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和司機(jī)的行為是如何在不同城市中創(chuàng)造出復(fù)雜的道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的)”可知，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新研究，是道路設(shè)施與駕駛員行為導(dǎo)致了曼哈頓的交通堵塞。故選C項(xiàng)。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.(研究人員利用中國(guó)成都的交通模式進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，以測(cè)試該運(yùn)算法則在不同布局的地區(qū)是否同樣有效)”可知，研究人員也對(duì)成都進(jìn)行了研究，以評(píng)估運(yùn)算法則的有效性。故選D項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly(然而，在曼哈頓下城，司機(jī)似乎遵守較低的限速，交通移動(dòng)更平穩(wěn))”可知，因?yàn)樗緳C(jī)遵守交通規(guī)則，所以曼哈頓下城的車輛跑得更快。故選B項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Urbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.(城市規(guī)劃者可能很快就會(huì)有一種處理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，這個(gè)新的計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)算法則的目標(biāo)人群是城市規(guī)劃者。故選A項(xiàng)。C“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?”myfatherusedtosaytome,hisversionof“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”Sometimesourphonecallswouldbeginwithaninquiryabouttheoilandendwithaninquiryabouttheoil,withnotalotinbetween.Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.Theaffectionatephrase“Youmademylifebetterfromthemomentyouwereborn”mayberarelyheard,butthereisthemorecommon“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?Thepointis:That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.Listencloselyenoughandthephrase“Iloveyou”canbeheardinthelengthier“IcouldcomearoundSaturdayandreplacethesiliconsealaroundthebaseofyourtoiletbecauseIreckonthatthingisgettingreallysmelly.”WhenIwas17,Iwentonmyfirstroadtrip.Myfatherstoodonthecornerinthepredawnofacoldmorningtobidusfarewell.“Highwaysaredangerous,”hesaid,“sodon’ttryovertakinganythingfasterthanahorseandbuggy.Andtakeabreakeverytwohours.Andeverytimeyoustopforgas,youreallyshouldchecktheoil.”Atthetimewethoughthisspeechwasfunnyandwouldchant“horse-and-buggy”everytimeIflooredtheaccelerator.Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.8.Accordingtothepassage,howdofathersusuallyshowtheiraffection?A.Byinquiringtheirkids’car.B.Bydoingratherthansaying.C.Byofferinghelpfuladvice.D.Byaccompanyingtheirkids.9.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfirstroadtrip?A.Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.B.Toprovidesomebackgroundknowledge.C.Toexplainthereasonsformymocking.D.Topresentmyfather’sfunnyspeech.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Myfatherhasgonesomewherefaraway.B.Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.CIownedacopyofFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary.D.Myfather’sspeechgotacrosstomewhenIwas17.11.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?A.Caringandconsiderate.B.Devotedandgenerous.C.Talkativeandhumorous.D.Knowledgeableanddiligent.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A【解析】本文屬于夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講述了作者的父親用實(shí)用的建議和實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)作者的愛(ài)。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.”（父親們有很多愛(ài)可以給予，但通常是通過(guò)實(shí)用的建議來(lái)給予的。）可知，父親是通過(guò)給作者提供許多使用的建議來(lái)表達(dá)他的愛(ài)。所以“Byofferinghelpfuladvice.”（通過(guò)提供有用的建議。）符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?Thepointis:That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.”（為什么我們的父親就不說(shuō)"我愛(ài)你"或者"很高興見(jiàn)到你"?其本質(zhì)在于：這正是我們所說(shuō)的。你需要從父親式的語(yǔ)言中進(jìn)行領(lǐng)悟。）可知，父親們是在間接表達(dá)他們的孩子的關(guān)心；作者講述自己17歲的那次旅行，目的就是為了表達(dá)父親隱藏的愛(ài)。所以“Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.”（舉例說(shuō)明父母特有的關(guān)心）符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.”（爸爸去世很多年了。但過(guò)了這么多年，我才意識(shí)到，如果我有一本父親式語(yǔ)言的英語(yǔ)字典，我就會(huì)明白，我和朋友如此隨意地嘲笑的那句話，只不過(guò)是父親想表達(dá)愛(ài)意的一種嘗試。）可知，作者在文中使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣“hadIowned…Iwouldhavedone”，可推斷出作者是在表達(dá)一種遺憾和后悔情感。所以“Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.”（我后悔嘲笑父親的話。）符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。11.推理判斷題。從文中“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?”（你檢查過(guò)車?yán)锏挠土藛?）；“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”（希望你一切安好）；“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”（去取屋頂上的樹(shù)葉，我?guī)湍惴鲋葑?。）等這些語(yǔ)言里，可知父親對(duì)孩子很關(guān)心，并且為孩子考慮的很周到。所以“Caringandconsiderate.”（關(guān)心和體貼。）符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。DThefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.Normalbabiesarebornwithanaturalabilitytorecognizefaces.Infact,theirfacerecognitionabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheirparents.Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.Butbyninemonths,theylosethisskill,Byninemonths,ababy’sface-recognitionskillsareaboutthesameasanadult’s.Unfortunately,somepeoplearenotbornwiththisabilitytorecognizefaces.Thepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitiondoesn’tworkforthem.Thisconditioniscalledfaceblindness.Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,soforasecondtheyarestartledwhentheyseethisunfamiliarface.Faceblindnessisnotalwayssevere.Scientistsbelieveupto10percentofthepopulationmaybeaffectedbyfaceblindnesstosomedegree,yetmanypeoplewithmildfaceblindnessmightnotevenknowtheyhaveit.Theyhavenoreasontoknowtheyaredifferentfromanyoneelseuntilsomeonepointsitout.Thisissimilartopeoplewithcolorblindness.Colorblindpeoplecan’tseethedifferencebetweencertaincolorssuchasredandgreen,untilsomeonetellsthemthatgreenandredaretwodifferentcolors.Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.12.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.A.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskillsB.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsC.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’facesD.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication13.Whendopeoplehavethekeenskillsofface-recognition?A.Atbirth. B.Inadolescence.C.Halfayearold. D.Ninemonthsold.14.Theboldword“startled”inthe3rdparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______________.A.confused B.surprisedC.excited D.depressed15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemoffaceblindness?A.Peopleneedtotakeitseriously. B.Itaffectsagreatnumberofpeople.C.Itcanbecuredinthenearfuture. D.Certaintechniquescanmakeupforit.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了面部識(shí)別方面的有關(guān)知識(shí)以及有些人存在面部識(shí)別的問(wèn)題。12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.”（有些人很難記住和辨認(rèn)面孔，而另一些人幾乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記面孔。）可知，第一段主要想說(shuō)明，事實(shí)上，有些人有面部識(shí)別問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.”（六個(gè)月大的嬰兒面部識(shí)別能力很強(qiáng)。）可知人們?cè)诎胫軞q時(shí)具備敏銳的面部識(shí)別技能。故選C項(xiàng)。14.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.”（嚴(yán)重的臉盲癥患者甚至不能認(rèn)出自己的臉。事實(shí)上，有這種情況的人有時(shí)候在照鏡子的時(shí)候會(huì)感到驚恐）可知，一些臉盲癥患者不認(rèn)識(shí)自己的臉，照鏡子都會(huì)害怕，再根據(jù)“Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,”（他們不認(rèn)識(shí)自己的臉）可知，他們因?yàn)椴徽J(rèn)識(shí)自己的臉，所以看到一張陌生的面孔時(shí)會(huì)感到驚恐，startled應(yīng)和frightened“受驚的”接近，選項(xiàng)中surprised與之詞義最為接近。故選B項(xiàng)。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.”（臉盲癥沒(méi)有治療方法。所以目前來(lái)說(shuō)。臉盲癥患者需要找到簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)來(lái)彌補(bǔ)他們的問(wèn)題。他們可以嘗試通過(guò)發(fā)型、聲音或眼鏡來(lái)識(shí)別人。）可知，某些技術(shù)可以彌補(bǔ)臉盲癥患者的問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfriesitmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.E20.F【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了幾項(xiàng)抵制垃圾食品誘惑的技巧。16.根據(jù)下一句“Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少兩分鐘會(huì)幫助你選擇健康食品，所以本句與等待時(shí)間有關(guān)，表達(dá)“但是在預(yù)定之前先等一下”。故A選項(xiàng)“但是在預(yù)定之前先等一下”切題。故選A。17.根據(jù)前文連發(fā)的兩個(gè)問(wèn)句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被聞到時(shí)非常吸引人，那么在排隊(duì)等了幾分鐘之后會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?根據(jù)下一句可知，這恰恰是要離開(kāi)的時(shí)刻，可知，本句在表達(dá)“它已經(jīng)不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了?！惫蔇選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了”切題。故選D。18.根據(jù)本段開(kāi)頭提示，可知一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中多于兩分鐘后會(huì)導(dǎo)致垃圾食品購(gòu)買量的下降，在進(jìn)行客觀結(jié)果描述，所以排除易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)F，同時(shí)，下一句在解釋聞到氣味就如同嘴巴吃到了一樣滿足?？芍仗幩诰湟磉_(dá)大腦對(duì)味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)區(qū)分不明顯。故G選項(xiàng)“大腦對(duì)味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)區(qū)分不明顯”切題。故選選G。19.從下一句“當(dāng)檢測(cè)健康食物的氣味時(shí)，食物選擇并沒(méi)有受到很大的影響?！笨梢缘弥崭駜?nèi)容與健康食物的氣味相關(guān)，并且表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的語(yǔ)義。故E選項(xiàng)“然而，健康食物的味道就不一樣了?！鼻蓄}。故選E。20.根據(jù)前句“itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo."（最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是坐在那里聞上一兩分鐘香甜的味道）與選項(xiàng)中“It’sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.(聞到味道與吃到它是一樣可以滿足愿望的。)承接自然，話題一致。故選F。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thelittlecountryschoolhousewasheatedbyacoalstove.Aneight-year-oldboynamedGlennhadthejobofusingkerosenetostartthefireandwarmtheroombeforehisteacherandhisclassmatesarrived.Onecoldmorningsomeone___21___filledthekerosenecontainerwithgasoline,anddisaster___22___.Theclassandteacherarrivedtofindtheschoolhouseburnedinflames.___23___onrealizingthatGlennwasinside,theyrushedinandmanagedtodragthe___24___boyoutoftheflamingbuilding.Hehadmajorburnsoverthelowerhalfofhisbodyandwastakentoanearbyhospital.Fromhisbedthedreadfullyburned,semi-consciousboyheardthedoctortalkingtohismother.Hersonwouldsurelydie.___25___theboydidn'twanttodie.Hewould___26___.Somehow,tothe___27___ofthephysician,hedidsurvive.Unfortunately,Glennhadnomotor___28___.Onesunnydayhismotherwheeledhimoutintotheyardtogetfreshair.Insteadofsittingthere,hethrewhimself___29___thechair.Glenn___30___himselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Heworkedhiswaytothewhitefence.Withgreat___31___,heraisedhimselfuponthefence.Hestartedtodothiseveryday___32___heworeasmoothpathallaroundtheyardbesidethefence.Therewas___33___hewantedmorethantodeveloplifeinthoselegs.Glenn'sironpersistenceanddetermination___34___.Hediddeveloptheabilityfirsttostandup,thentowalkwithhelp,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.Heeventuallyreceivedthe___35___"KansasFlyer".21.A.deliberately B.secretlyC.mistakenlyD.cautiously22.A.struck B.stuckC.beat D.attracted23.A.ThrilledB.TerrifiedC.RegretfulD.Puzzled24.A.speechlessB.unconsciousC.blind D.deaf25.A.And B.OrC.But D.So26.A.survive B.resistC.escapeD.recover27.A.happiness B.reliefC.amazementD.confusion28.A.desire B.talentC.will D.ability29.A.into B.fromC.overD.upon30.A.helped B.managedC.pushedD.pulled31.A.effortB.encouragementC.CourageD.help32.A.because B.ifC.untilD.as33.A.something B.anythingC.everythingD.nothing34.A.paidfor B.paidoffC.paidbackD.paidup35.A.award B.rewardC.nicknameD.record【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.B25.C26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了男孩格倫在意外中失去了行動(dòng)能力，最終通過(guò)堅(jiān)持和決心恢復(fù)了站立的能力的故事。21.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨，有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，災(zāi)難發(fā)生了。A.deliberately故意地；B.secretly秘密地；C.mistakenly錯(cuò)誤地；D.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)后文“filledthekerosenecontainerwithgasoline”可知，有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，故選C。22.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨，有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，災(zāi)難發(fā)生了。A.struck罷工；B.stuck卡住；C.beat打?。籇.attracted吸引。上文提到有人誤將煤油桶裝滿了汽油，所以引起了災(zāi)難，strike此處表示“觸發(fā)，發(fā)生”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。23.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：意識(shí)到Glenn在里面，他們嚇壞了，沖了進(jìn)去，設(shè)法把失去知覺(jué)的男孩從燃燒的大樓里拖了出來(lái)。A.Thrilled激動(dòng)的；B.Terrified害怕的；C.Regretful后悔的；D.Puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)后文“onrealizingthatGlennwasinside”可知他們意識(shí)到Glenn在里面，很害怕。故選B。24.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：意識(shí)到Glenn在里面，他們嚇壞了，沖了進(jìn)去，設(shè)法把失去知覺(jué)的男孩從燃燒的大樓里拖了出來(lái)。A.speechless說(shuō)不出話的；B.unconscious昏迷的；C.blind盲目的；D.deaf聾的。結(jié)合上文動(dòng)詞drag表示“拖拽”可知，男孩當(dāng)時(shí)失去了意識(shí)，無(wú)法自己行動(dòng)。故選B。25.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但男孩不想死。A.And并且；B.Or或者；C.But但是；D.So所以。結(jié)合前后語(yǔ)境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but。故選C。26.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他會(huì)活下來(lái)。A.survive幸存；B.resist抵抗；C.escape逃走；D.recover恢復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“hedidsurvive”可知此處指男孩存活、幸存下來(lái)。故選A。27.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令醫(yī)生驚訝的是，不知怎的，他竟然活了下來(lái)。A.happiness幸福；B.relief安慰；C.amazement驚訝；D.confusion困惑。上文“Hersonwouldsurelydie”提到男孩會(huì)死，結(jié)果他竟然活了下來(lái)，令醫(yī)生驚訝。故選C。28.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，格倫沒(méi)有行動(dòng)能力。A.desire渴望；B.talent才能；C.will意愿；D.ability能力。根據(jù)后文“Insteadofsittingthere”可知格倫雖然存活下來(lái)了，但是沒(méi)有了行動(dòng)能力。故選D。29.考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他沒(méi)有坐在那里，而是從椅子上把自己拖了下來(lái)。A.into進(jìn)入；B.from來(lái)自；C.over越過(guò)；D.upon在……上。根據(jù)上文“hethrewhimself”指格倫把自己從椅子拖上下來(lái)，故選B。30.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：格倫拖著雙腿穿過(guò)草地。A.helped幫助；B.managed管理；C.pushed推；D.pulled拉。根據(jù)后文“himselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim”可知格倫憑借自己的力量拖著雙腿穿過(guò)草地。故選D。31.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他費(fèi)了很大的勁才在籬笆上站起來(lái)。A.effort努力；B.encouragement鼓勵(lì)；C.courage勇氣；D.help幫助。根據(jù)后文“heraisedhimselfuponthefence”可知沒(méi)有行動(dòng)能力的格倫，費(fèi)了很大的勁才在籬笆上站起來(lái)。故選A。32.考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：他每天都這樣做，直到在院子的籬笆旁鋪上了一條平坦的小路。A.because因?yàn)?；B.if如果；C.until直到；D.as正如。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“直到”應(yīng)用until。故選C。33.考查不定代詞辨析。句意：他最希望的就是讓他的腿重獲生命。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.everything一切；D.nothing沒(méi)有什么。根據(jù)后文“hewantedmorethantodeveloplifeinthoselegs”可知格倫唯一的希望就是雙腿恢復(fù)正常，故選D。34.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：格倫的堅(jiān)持和決心得到了回報(bào)。A.paidfor支付；B.paidoff取得成功；C.paidback報(bào)答；D.paidup全部付清。根據(jù)后文“Hediddeveloptheabilityfirsttostandup”可知格倫培養(yǎng)了站起來(lái)的能力，可見(jiàn)格倫的堅(jiān)持和決心得到了回報(bào)。故選B。35.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他最終獲得了“堪薩斯飛行者”的綽號(hào)。A.award獎(jiǎng)；B.reward回報(bào)；C.nickname綽號(hào)；D.record記錄。"KansasFlyer"是別人給格倫取得綽號(hào)。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa___36___(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers___37___(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth___38___(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore___39___decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___40___(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.___41___(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated___42___health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy___43___(care)forandmakegreatpresents.BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The___44___(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare_____45_____firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.【答案】36.celebration37.carries38.coming39.than40.decorated41.Certainly42.with43.tocare44.beautiful45.the【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì)。文章介紹了中國(guó)的新年，寓意冬季的結(jié)束、春季的開(kāi)始。還介紹了一些春節(jié)期間用來(lái)裝扮的有些植物、水果和鮮花的寓意。36.考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)新年是一個(gè)慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開(kāi)始的節(jié)日。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式做表語(yǔ)。故填celebration。37.考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么