考研英語(yǔ)核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit2一、真題文章

Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.Neitherkindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepisassumedtoservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthesedescribedforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.

Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepdeprivationis100percentfataltorats,yet,uponexaminationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnowcastlightonthemysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood,asiftheirimmunesystems--theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease--hadcrashed.

二、譯文

睡眠通常被分為所謂的REM睡眠階段（REM=rapideyemovement眼睛快速運(yùn)動(dòng)）和較長(zhǎng)非REM睡眠階段，前者特點(diǎn)為眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)并做夢(mèng)。我們對(duì)兩種形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人們認(rèn)為REM睡眠對(duì)大腦起某種康復(fù)功能的作用。非REM睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究協(xié)會(huì)在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會(huì)議上，專(zhuān)家們首次描述的一些新實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)非REM睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。例如，人們?cè)缫蚜私獾?，完全剝奪其睡眠對(duì)老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在檢查老鼠尸體時(shí)，這些動(dòng)物看上去完全正常。一研究人員已闡明這些動(dòng)物死亡原因的奧秘。老鼠患血液細(xì)菌感染，似乎他們的免疫系統(tǒng)（抵抗疾病的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制）已崩潰。三、考研核心詞匯

characterize/5kArIktEraIz/vt.表現(xiàn)...的特色,刻畫(huà)的...性格[例]Thiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。[同義]depict,describe,distinguish,picture,portray,represent[派生]characterization/7kAriktErai5zeiFEn/n.描述,人物之創(chuàng)造assume/E5sju:m/vt.假定,設(shè)想,采取,呈現(xiàn)[例]Thequeenassumedavelvetrobe.王后穿了一件天鵝絨長(zhǎng)袍[同義]adopt,believe,presume.puton,suppose,suspect[反義]conclude/kEn5klu:d/v.結(jié)束,終止,決定,作出結(jié)論vt.推斷,斷定,締結(jié),議定[派生]assumed/E5sju:md/adj.假定的,假裝的,裝的restorative/ri5stC:rEtiv/adj.有助于復(fù)元的n.滋補(bǔ)劑[例]arestorativetonic有恢復(fù)作用的滋補(bǔ)品[派生]restore/ris5tC:/vt.恢復(fù),使回復(fù),歸還,交還,修復(fù),重建function/5fQNkFEn/n.官能,功能,作用,職責(zé),典禮,儀式,[數(shù)]函數(shù)vi.(器官等)活動(dòng),運(yùn)行,行使職責(zé)[例]Growthisafunctionofnutrition.長(zhǎng)身體是由營(yíng)養(yǎng)決定的。[同義]act,ceremony,exercise,gathering,operate,perform[派生]functional/5fQNkFEnl/adj.功能的[固定搭配]publicfunction盛大的公共集會(huì),正式社交集會(huì)；socialfunction盛大的公共集會(huì),正式社交集會(huì)；purpose/5pE:pEs/n.目的,意圖,用途,效果,決心,意志vt.打算,企圖,決心[例]Hewenttotownwiththepurposeofbuyinganewtelevision.他進(jìn)城的目的是買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電視機(jī)。[同義]aim,design,determination,goal,intention,object[派生]purposeful/5pE:pEsful/adj.有目的的[固定搭配]onpurpose故意地；有意地；togoodpurpose有益地，有成效地tolittlepurposeortonopurpose幾乎徒勞的，少有成效地deprivation/7depri5veiFEn/n.剝奪[例]deprivationofcivilrights剝奪公民權(quán)[派生]deprival/di5praivEl/n.剝奪deprive/di5praiv/vt.剝奪,使喪失fatal/5feitl/adj.致命的,重大的,命運(yùn)注定的,不幸的,致命的,毀滅性的[例]“Itisfataltoenteranywarwithoutthewilltowinit”(DouglasMacArthur).“不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，那是必死無(wú)疑的”（道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟）。[同義]deadly,destructive,disastrous,fateful,important,killing[派生]fatally/5feItElI/adv.致命地,宿命地,不幸地bacterial/bAk`tIErIEl/adj.細(xì)菌的[例]bacterialdiseases.細(xì)菌性疾病[派生]bacteria/bAk5tiEriE/n.細(xì)菌immune/i5mju:n/adj.免疫的[例]Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.罪犯被告知說(shuō),如果他協(xié)助警方,就可以免受懲罰。[同義]clear,exempt,free,resistant[反義]liable/5laiEbl/adj.有責(zé)任的,有義務(wù)的,易...的,有...傾向的,負(fù)有責(zé)任的,很有可能的susceptible/sE5septEbl/adj.易受影響的,易感動(dòng)的,容許...的n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人[派生]immunize/`ImjU:naIz/v.使免疫,賦予免疫性crash/krAF/n.碰撞,墜落,墜毀,撞擊聲,爆裂聲v.碰撞,墜落,墜毀,(指商業(yè)公司,政府等)破產(chǎn),垮臺(tái)[例]Theelephantcrashedthroughtheforest.大象沖進(jìn)森林。[同義]break,shatter,smash,strike[派生]crasher/`krAFE(r)/n.猛擊,不速之客[固定搭配]onacrashbasis緊[應(yīng)]急地；withacrash轟隆一聲；四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

1.Thescientistsmonitoredthepatients'bloodpressure,releaseofharmfulhormones(荷爾蒙)andothermeasurablesthat__________heartfailure.A.characterizeB.considerC.integrityD.intend2.Thecompanies_________noobligationtoupdateanyforward-lookingstatements,whetherasaresultofnewinformation,futureeventsorotherwise.A.interveneB.dictateC.prolongD.assume3.Architecturalformshouldnotrigidlyfollow__________,butoughttoreflecttheneedsofthesocialbodyitrepresents.A.professionB.functionC.vacationD.vocation4.The________oftodayIcomehereistohelppeoplewhowanttolearnEnglishbutdon’tknowhowtolearn.A.neglectB.proposalC.purposeD.likely5.Survivalisusuallyuppermostinthemindsofcompanieswiththeirbackst