2025年英語專業(yè)四級考試——自然科學(xué)完形填空高難試題集一、單項選擇題要求：從每小題的四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.Thehumanbrainissocomplexthatscientistsarestillstrugglingtounderstandits__________functions.A.essentialB.fundamentalC.vitalD.fundamentalandessential2.Accordingtorecentstudies,the__________ofalanguagecangreatlyinfluencethewaywethink.A.structureB.syntaxC.grammarD.vocabulary3.Theprocessofphotosynthesisinplantsinvolvesthe__________ofcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceglucoseandoxygen.A.conversionB.transformationC.combinationD.reaction4.Thetheoryofplatetectonicsexplainsthe__________oftheEarth'scrustandthemovementofcontinents.A.formationB.originC.compositionD.dynamics5.Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,manycountrieshaveimplemented__________policiestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.A.environmentalB.ecologicalC.sustainableD.renewable二、完形填空要求：閱讀下面短文，從每小題的四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thestudyof__________hasalwaysbeenanimportantfieldinthenaturalsciences.ItinvolvestheinvestigationoftheEarth's__________andthe__________thatoccurwithinit.Geology,asa__________ofnaturalscience,aimstounderstandthe__________oftheEarthandits__________.Inthepast,geologistsbelievedthattheEarthwas__________andunchanging.However,intheearly20thcentury,thetheoryof__________wasproposed,whichrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheEarth's__________.ThetheoryofplatetectonicssuggeststhattheEarth'scrustisdividedintoseveral__________platesthatmoverelativetoeachother.Thismovementleadstovarious__________,includingearthquakes,volcaniceruptions,andtheformationofmountains.Anotherimportantaspectofgeologyisthestudyof__________.Fossilsprovidevaluableinformationaboutthe__________oflifeonEarthandthe__________thathaveoccurredovermillionsofyears.Today,geologistsuseavarietyoftoolsandtechniquestostudytheEarth,suchas__________,__________,and__________.Thesemethodshelpusgainadeeperunderstandingofthe__________ofourplanet.Pleasechoosethebestoptionstocompletethefollowingsentences:6.Thestudyof__________hasalwaysbeenanimportantfieldinthenaturalsciences.A.biologyB.chemistryC.geologyD.physics7.Geology,asa__________ofnaturalscience,aimstounderstandthe__________oftheEarthandits__________.A.branch;origin;compositionB.subject;dynamics;evolutionC.discipline;formation;processesD.field;structure;layers8.ThetheoryofplatetectonicssuggeststhattheEarth'scrustisdividedintoseveral__________platesthatmoverelativetoeachother.A.solidB.liquidC.gasD.floating9.Fossilsprovidevaluableinformationaboutthe__________oflifeonEarthandthe__________thathaveoccurredovermillionsofyears.A.diversity;extinctionB.history;migrationC.origin;adaptationD.structure;extinction10.GeologistsuseavarietyoftoolsandtechniquestostudytheEarth,suchas__________,__________,and__________.A.drilling;mapping;samplingB.observation;measurement;analysisC.excavation;surveying;recordingD.photography;modeling;simulation四、多項選擇題要求：從每小題的五個選項中選出兩個或兩個以上符合題意的正確選項。11.Thefollowingareexamplesofnaturalphenomenathatarestudiedinthefieldofgeology:A.TheformationoftheGrandCanyonB.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheenvironmentC.TheoccurrenceofearthquakesD.ThemigrationpatternsofbirdsE.Thegrowthofplants12.WhichofthefollowingareconsideredtobethemaincomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere?A.NitrogenB.OxygenC.CarbondioxideD.WatervaporE.Helium13.Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionwasproposedby:A.IsaacNewtonB.CharlesDarwinC.GregorMendelD.LouisPasteurE.JamesClerkMaxwell14.Theprocessofphotosynthesisinplantsinvolves:A.TheconversionofsunlightintochemicalenergyB.TheabsorptionofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereC.ThereleaseofoxygenintotheatmosphereD.ThesynthesisofglucosefromcarbondioxideandwaterE.Theconsumptionofoxygenbyplants15.Thefollowingareexamplesofrenewableenergysources:A.CoalB.SolarenergyC.WindenergyD.NaturalgasE.Hydroelectricpower五、簡答題要求：簡要回答下列問題，每個問題不超過100字。16.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthemitochondriaincells?17.Explaintheprocessofosmosisanditsimportanceinlivingorganisms.18.Describethemaintypesofrocksandtheirformationprocesses.19.Whatarethemainfactorsthatcontributetothegreenhouseeffect?20.Discusstheroleofwaterinbiologicalprocesses.六、論述題要求：根據(jù)所學(xué)知識，論述下列問題，不少于200字。21.Discusstheimportanceofbiodiversityinmaintainingthebalanceofecosystems.22.ExplainthesignificanceofDNAingeneticsanditsroleinheredity.23.Describetheprocessofcelldivisionanditsimportanceinthegrowthanddevelopmentoforganisms.24.Discusstheimpactofclimatechangeontheplanetandthemeasuresthatcanbetakentomitigateitseffects.本次試卷答案如下：一、單項選擇題1.B.fundamental解析：本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。fundamental意為“基本的，根本的”，符合句意，表示大腦的基本功能。2.A.structure解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。structure意為“結(jié)構(gòu)”，符合句意，表示語言結(jié)構(gòu)對思維方式的影響。3.A.conversion解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。conversion意為“轉(zhuǎn)化”，符合句意，表示光合作用將二氧化碳和水轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖和氧氣。4.D.dynamics解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。dynamics意為“動態(tài)”，符合句意，表示地殼的動態(tài)和大陸的運動。5.C.sustainable解析：本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。sustainable意為“可持續(xù)的”，符合句意，表示為了保護環(huán)境，許多國家實施了可持續(xù)的政策來減少溫室氣體排放。二、完形填空6.C.geology解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。geology意為“地質(zhì)學(xué)”，符合句意，表示地質(zhì)學(xué)一直是自然科學(xué)中一個重要的領(lǐng)域。7.C.discipline;formation;processes解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。discipline意為“學(xué)科”，formation意為“形成”，processes意為“過程”，符合句意，表示地質(zhì)學(xué)作為自然科學(xué)的學(xué)科，旨在理解地球的形成和其過程。8.D.floating解析：本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。floating意為“浮動的”，符合句意，表示地殼分為幾個浮動的板塊，這些板塊相互之間移動。9.A.diversity;extinction解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。diversity意為“多樣性”，extinction意為“滅絕”，符合句意，表示化石提供了關(guān)于生命多樣性和數(shù)百萬年來發(fā)生的變化的有價值信息。10.A.drilling;mapping;sampling解析：本題考查名詞詞義辨析。drilling意為“鉆探”，mapping意為“制圖”，sampling意為“取樣”，符合句意，表示地質(zhì)學(xué)家使用鉆探、制圖和取樣等工具和技術(shù)來研究地球。四、多項選擇題11.A.TheformationoftheGrandCanyonC.Theoccurrenceofearthquakes解析：本題考查地質(zhì)學(xué)的研究內(nèi)容。大峽谷的形成和地震的發(fā)生都是地質(zhì)學(xué)研究的自然現(xiàn)象。12.A.NitrogenB.OxygenC.CarbondioxideD.Watervapor解析：本題考查地球大氣的主要成分。氮氣、氧氣、二氧化碳和水蒸氣是地球大氣的主要成分。13.B.CharlesDarwin解析：本題考查進化論的自然選擇理論的提出者。查爾斯·達爾文是進化論的自然選擇理論的提出者。14.A.TheconversionofsunlightintochemicalenergyB.TheabsorptionofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereC.ThereleaseofoxygenintotheatmosphereD.Thesynthesisofglucosefromcarbondioxideandwater解析：本題考查光合作用的過程。光合作用將陽光轉(zhuǎn)化為化學(xué)能，吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，釋放氧氣，并從二氧化碳和水合成葡萄糖。15.B.SolarenergyC.WindenergyE.Hydroelectricpower解析：本題考查可再生能源。太陽能、風(fēng)能和水力發(fā)電是可再生能源的例子。五、簡答題16.TheprimaryfunctionofthemitochondriaincellsistoproduceenergyintheformofATPthroughcellularrespiration.解析：線粒體是細胞中產(chǎn)生能量的主要場所，通過細胞呼吸產(chǎn)生ATP。17.Osmosisistheprocessbywhichwatermoleculesmovefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentrationthroughasemipermeablemembrane.Itisimportantinlivingorganismsformaintainingcellturgorandfacilitatingnutrientandwastetransport.解析：滲透作用是指水分子通過半透膜從低濃度溶質(zhì)區(qū)域向高濃度溶質(zhì)區(qū)域移動的過程。它在生物體中對于維持細胞膨脹和促進營養(yǎng)物和廢物的運輸非常重要。18.Themaintypesofrocksareigneous,sedimentary,andmetamorphic.Igneousrocksformf