湖南省高一年級(jí)四月考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillMarydonext?A.Gototheairport. B.Visitheruncle. C.Stayforlunch.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:WhereisMary?We’dlikehertostayforlunch.M:Well,thanksalot.ButMaryhastomeetheruncleattheairport.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoestheboywanttohaveforlunch?A.Abeefsandwich. B.Asalad. C.Friedeggs.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Doyouwanttohaveasaladforlunch?M:No,Mom.Ineedsomeenergyformyafternoonclasses.Howaboutsomefriedeggsoracheesesandwich?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanwanttogettothezoo?A.Onfoot. B.Bytrain. C.Bybus.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Howabouttakingatraintothezootoday?W:No.Let’swalkthroughtheCentralParkinstead.Ineedsomeexercise.M:Thatwillbefun!Ifwegettired,wecangetonabus,anyway.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhattimewillthespeakersbeatLena’shouse?A.At10:00am. B.At11:30am. C.At11:00am.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Let’shurryup!WeneedtobeatLena’shouseat11:00am.W:Ijustgotatextfromher,Brian.She’dlikeustoarrivehalfanhourlater.So,wehavesomeextratimenow.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames’behavior?A.Surprised. B.Understanding. C.Upset.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Jamesdidn’tevensay“hi”whenhepassedbymetoday.Ifeelsohurt!M:Iwouldn’tbesurprised,becausemaybehedidn’tnoticeyou.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatdothespeakersintendtodo?A.Gooutfordinner. B.Studytogether. C.Staylateatwork.7.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Attheoffice. B.Attheparkinglot. C.Attherestaurant.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Wouldyouliketogooutfordinnertonight?W:I’dloveto.Whattime?M:Would7:30beOK?Or7:00ifyouwanttogoearlier.W:No,7:30isfine.Ifinishworkat5:00.M:ShallIpickyouupfromyourhouse?W:It’shardtofindaparkingspacenearwhereIlive.CouldImeetyouattherestaurant?M:Yes,that’sfine.Well,there’sanItalianrestaurantintown,orwouldyoupreferIndianorThaifood?W:Italianfoodsoundsfine.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabookstore. B.Inapostoffice. C.Onanairplane.9.Howmuchwillthemanpayintotal?A.$20. B.$25. C.$45.【答案】8.B9.B【解析】【原文】M:I’dliketopostthispackagetoAustralia,please.W:Certainly.Whatarethecontentsofthepackage?M:They’rethreebooks.W:Whatisthetotalvalueofthecontents?M:Eachbookis$15,so$45intotal.W:Wouldyouliketobuyinsuranceforthepackagefor$5?M:Yes,please.W:OK,sowiththesizeofthepackage,wecansenditstandardpost,whichwilltake10days.M:Isthereanythingfaster?W:Yes,airmailonlytakestwodaysbutit’s$20.M:That’sfine.Let’sgowiththat.W:OK.Thenyouneedtopay$25altogether.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Wheredoestheboyusuallyswim?A.Inauniversitypool. B.Inthesea. C.Inapoolinthepark.11Whydoesthegirllikeswimming?A.It’sgoodexercise.B.It’sfun.C.It’shertrainingcourse.12.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydothisweekend?A.Playbeachvolleyball.B.Playindoorvolleyball.C.Goswimminginthepool.【答案】10.A11.B12.B【解析】【原文】W:It’salmostsummertime,andit’salreadytoohot!Ican’twaitfortheswimmingpoolintheparktoopenagain!M:Youlikeswimmingthere?Ihatethecrowds.W:Wheredoyouusuallyswim,then?M:Myfatherteachesatauniversity.Hegivesmethetrainingcoursethere.Icangoswimmingintheindoorpoolthere.It’shuge!W:Youmustswimforexercise.Iliketoswimforfun.Ilikebeinginthesun,too.M:Well,ifIwanttoswimforfun,Iprefertogotothebeach.Besides,Iloveplayingbeachvolleyball.W:Metoo!Let’sinvitesomefriendsandgotothebeachthisweekend!M:Theweathermansaidit’ssupposedtorain.W:Oh.Wecanplayindoorvolleyballintheschoolgym,then.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Howlongshouldthemanattendclassesperweekforsummerschool?A.12hours. B.6hours. C.18hours.14.WhydoesthemantaketheSpanishcourse?A.HewillgotoSpainsoon.B.HefailedtheSpanishtest.C.Hehasinterestinit.15.Whatistheadvantageofthesummerschoolaccordingtotheman?A.Itischeap. B.Ithassmallclasses. C.Itislessstressful.16.Whatwillthemandoafterthesummerschool?A.Stayathome. B.Studywithhisfriends. C.Relaxatthebeach.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Peter.How’ssummerschoolgoing?M:It’sbeenafullmonthofstudying.ButI’veonlygottwomoreweeksuntilI’mdone.W:Nice!Howmanycoursesareyoutaking?M:Two.They’reboth6hourseachweek,soI’mreallybusy.W:Soundsintense.Whatcoursesareyoulearning?M:I’mtakingSpanishandmath.IfellinlovewithSpanishwhenIvisitedSpainlastsummer.AndItakethemathcoursebecauseIfailedmymathexamlastsemester.Ineedtomakeupforit.W:Oh,I’veneveractuallytakenthesummerschool.Isitexpensive?M:Alittlebit,butclassesareoftensmallerandyougetmoreone-on-onetimewithprofessors.W:So,whenareyoudoneforthesummeragain?M:Iwillgetfinalsintwoweeks.ThenI’llbefree.W:Anyplansafterthat?M:Yeah.I’llhaveatriptothebeacheswithsomefriends.Ineedtorelaxafteralongperiodofstudying.W:Greatplan!聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Achef. B.Adoctor. C.Ateacher.18.WherewasTomduringlunchtime?A.Inthespeaker’soffice. B.Intheclassroom. C.Inthelibrary.19.WhywouldTomratherstudyatlunchtimethaneat?A.Hewastoobusystudyingtoeat.B.Hewasunabletoaffordfood.C.Hewasembarrassedtobuylunch.20.WhatkindofpersonwasTom?A.Caring. B.Curious. C.Calm.【答案】17.C18.C19.B20.A【解析】【原文】M:Manyyearsago,ItaughtastudentnamedTomwhowasfromaverypoorfamily.Hewasverysmartandneverlatewithhishomework.EverydayatlunchIwouldseehimgotothelibraryinsteadofeatingwitheveryoneelse.WhenIaskedhimaboutit,hesaidthathewouldratherstudythaneat.Atfirst,Ithoughtthiswasverygood,butthenIfoundoutthatheonlydidthisbecausehecouldnotaffordtopayforlunch.IdidnotwanttoupsethimbytellinghimwhatIlearned,soIbroughtextrafoodwithmeeverydayandtoldhimthatmywifealwayspackedmetoomuchlunchbecauseshewasachefatarestaurantandgotfoodverycheap.Hetooktheextrafood,andatelunchwithmeeventhoughheseenembarrassed.Yearslater,IreceivedaletterfromTomanditwasfullofthanks.Hebecameadoctorandnowtravelstopoorhospitalsaroundtheworldtohelpthoseinneed.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHereareintroductionstofouroutstandingagriculturalscientists.YuanLongpingYuanLongping,the“FatherofHybridRice”,wasanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering(CAE)anda“MedaloftheRepublic”recipient.Hededicatedhislifetohybridriceresearch,application,andpromotion,greatlyincreasingriceyields.HisworkensuredfoodsecurityforbillionsandgreatlycontributedtoChina’sagricultureandtheglobalfoodsupply.WangMaohuaWangMaohua,anacademicianoftheCAE,wasafamousagriculturalengineerandeducator.Hepioneeredprecisionagriculture(精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè))researchandpracticeinChina,contributingtotheestablishmentofthefirstnationalprecisionagriculturedemonstrationpark.Healsoreformedagriculturalengineeringeducation,trainingmanytalentedprofessionals.JiangYiyuanJiangYiyuan,anacademicianoftheCAE,wasafamousagriculturalengineerandeducator.Hestressedintegratingagriculturalmachinerywithagronomy(農(nóng)藝學(xué))throughinnovation(創(chuàng)新).Heledthecreationofthe“pre-harvestthreshingsystemforrice”,solvingissuesofhighgrainlossandharvestinglodgedrice.HealsoimprovedthepredictionaccuracyofMurphy’sπrelationshipsynthesistheory.LuYonggenLuYonggenwasanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,afamouscropgeneticist,andaneducator.Knownasthe“Plain-ClothedAcademician”,helivedasimplelifebutwasextremelygeneroustothecountryandsociety.Heandhiswifedonatedtheirlifetimesavingsofover8.8millionyuantotheirschooltoestablishaneducationfund.HealsopreservedtheSouthChinawildricegenebank,makingimportantcontributionsstocropgeneticsresearch.21.WhatdidYuanLongpingcontributetosignificantly?A.Thedevelopmentofprecisionagriculture.B.Theestablishmentofawildricegenebank.C.Theresearchandpromotionofhybridrice.D.Theimprovementofagriculturalengineeringeducation.22.Whichscientistconnectedagriculturalmachinerywithagronomy?A.YuanLongping. B.JiangYiyuan. C.WangMaohua. D.LuYonggen.23.WhatdoWangMaohuaandLuYonggenhaveincommon?A.Bothmadebreakthroughsincropgeneticsresearch.B.Bothcontributedtoagriculturaleducation.C.Bothdonatedlargesumsofmoneytoothers.D.BothwereacademiciansoftheCAE.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講述了四位杰出的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家——袁隆平、汪懋華、蔣亦元、盧永根的主要成就和貢獻(xiàn)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“YuanLongping,the“FatherofHybridRice”,wasanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering(CAE)anda“MedaloftheRepublic”recipient.Hededicatedhislifetohybridriceresearch,application,andpromotion,greatlyincreasingriceyields.(“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平是中國(guó)工程院院士，“共和國(guó)勛章”獲得者。他一生致力于雜交水稻的研究、應(yīng)用和推廣，大大提高了水稻產(chǎn)量)”可知，袁隆平主要貢獻(xiàn)在于雜交水稻的研究和推廣。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“JiangYiyuan,anacademicianoftheCAE,wasafamousagriculturalengineerandeducator.Hestressedintegratingagriculturalmachinerywithagronomy(農(nóng)藝學(xué))throughinnovation(創(chuàng)新).(蔣亦元是中國(guó)工程院院士，著名農(nóng)業(yè)工程師和教育家。他強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)創(chuàng)新將農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械與農(nóng)藝學(xué)相結(jié)合)”可知，將農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械與農(nóng)藝學(xué)聯(lián)系起來(lái)的科學(xué)家是蔣亦元。故選B。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WangMaohua,anacademicianoftheCAE,wasafamousagriculturalengineerandeducator...Healsoreformedagriculturalengineeringeducation,trainingmanytalentedprofessionals.(汪懋華是中國(guó)工程院院士，著名農(nóng)業(yè)工程師和教育家……他還改革了農(nóng)業(yè)工程教育，培養(yǎng)了許多優(yōu)秀專(zhuān)業(yè)人才)”以及第五段“LuYonggenwasanacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,afamouscropgeneticist,andaneducator.Knownasthe“Plain-ClothedAcademician”,helivedasimplelifebutwasextremelygeneroustothecountryandsociety.Heandhiswifedonatedtheirlifetimesavingsofover8.8millionyuantotheirschooltoestablishaneducationfund.(盧永根，中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士，著名作物遺傳學(xué)家，教育家。他被稱(chēng)為“便衣院士”，生活簡(jiǎn)樸，但對(duì)國(guó)家和社會(huì)極為慷慨。他和他的妻子將他們一生的積蓄880多萬(wàn)元捐給了他們的學(xué)校，建立了一個(gè)教育基金)”可知，汪懋華和盧永根的共同之處是都為農(nóng)業(yè)教育做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選B。BInSeptember,asixth-gradeclassfromaChineseschoolbeganadifferentjourney.Undertheorganizationoftheparentassociation,thestudentsbegana5-kilometermorningjoggingprograminaparkofBeijing,withtheaimofimprovingtheirfitness,buildingself-confidence,anddevelopingpatience.EverySaturdaymorning,withaparentchosenasthecoachtoguidethem,theylaceduptheirshoesandsetoff.Thefirstrunwasarealchallenge.Afterrunningjustseveralhundredmeters,afewstudentswereoutofbreath.Somecouldn’tevenmakeithalfway,andothershadtorelyoneachotherforsupporttoreachthefinishline.However,despitethemanydifficulties,theirdeterminationneverwavered.Alongtheway,manyfeltenergetic.Mostmadeittotheendbycompletingtheir100thrunonSaturdaytocelebratetheirupcominggraduation,astheyhadbeenexercisingregularly.Inrecentyears,somesurveyshaveshownthattherateofobesityamongstudentswhoareshortofexerciseisincreasingrapidly.Accordingtoanauthorityreport,oneinfiveindividualsagedsixtoseventeenisnowoverweight,asignificantrisefromoneintwentyin1995.Inadditiontoweightproblems,thelackofexercisehasalsoledtoanincreaseofshort-sightednessinschools.Recognizingthepotentiallinkbetweendecreasedphysicalactivityandhealth-relatedproblems,variousmeasureshavebeentakentoreducestudents’academicpressureandincreasetheirexercisetime,suchasreducingtheafter-schoolhomeworkburden.Thesixth-gradejoggingprogramservesasaninspiringexample,offeringasolutiontohelpstudentsfindmoretimetoexperiencehealth,happiness,andfriendshipthroughphysicalactivity.Itshowsthatwithdedicationandsupport,evenasimplejoggingroutinecanhaveagreateffectonthewell-beingofyoungstudents.24.Whydidtheparentassociationorganizethemorningjoggingprogram?A.Tomeettheparents’requirements.B.Toliveuptothecoach’sexpectations.C.Toimprovethestudents’physicalandmentalhealth.D.Toreplacetheschool’spresentphysicaleducationclasses.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsinthefirstrun?A.Fewofthemfeltenergetic. B.Mostofthemgaveuphalfway.C.Noneofthemcompletedtherun. D.Notallofthemmadeittotheend.26.Howistheseriousnessofbeingoverweightonstudentsshowninparagraph3?A.Throughdatacomparison. B.Throughanunofficialreport.C.Throughtheschools’prediction. D.Throughindividualimagination.27.Whichwordcanbestdescribethemorningjoggingprogram?A.Traditional. B.Influential. C.Global. D.Limitless.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了學(xué)校開(kāi)展晨跑項(xiàng)目來(lái)促進(jìn)學(xué)生身心健康?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Undertheorganizationoftheparentassociation,thestudentsbegana5-kilometermorningjoggingprograminaparkofBeijing,withtheaimofimprovingtheirfitness,buildingself-confidence,anddevelopingpatience.(在家長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)的組織下，學(xué)生們?cè)诒本┑囊粋€(gè)公園開(kāi)始了一個(gè)5公里的晨跑項(xiàng)目，目的是提高他們的身體素質(zhì)，建立自信，培養(yǎng)耐心)”可知，家長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)組織晨跑是為了促進(jìn)學(xué)生身心健康。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Somecouldn’tevenmakeithalfway,andothershadtorelyoneachotherforsupporttoreachthefinishline.However,despitethemanydifficulties,theirdeterminationneverwavered.Alongtheway,manyfeltenergetic.Mostmadeittotheendbycompletingtheir100thrunonSaturdaytocelebratetheirupcominggraduation,astheyhadbeenexercisingregularly.(有些人甚至不能走到一半，有些人不得不互相支持才能到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線。然而，盡管困難重重，他們的決心從未動(dòng)搖。一路上，許多人都感到精力充沛。大多數(shù)人在周六完成了第100次跑步，以慶祝即將到來(lái)的畢業(yè)，因?yàn)樗麄円恢痹诙ㄆ阱憻?”可知，并不是所有學(xué)生都堅(jiān)持到了最后。故選D。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inrecentyears,somesurveyshaveshownthattherateofobesityamongstudentswhoareshortofexerciseisincreasingrapidly.Accordingtoanauthorityreport,oneinfiveindividualsagedsixtoseventeenisnowoverweight,asignificantrisefromoneintwentyin1995.Inadditiontoweightproblems,thelackofexercisehasalsoledtoanincreaseofshort-sightednessinschools.(近年來(lái)，一些調(diào)查顯示，在缺乏鍛煉的學(xué)生中，肥胖率正在迅速上升。根據(jù)一份權(quán)威報(bào)告，現(xiàn)在6至17歲的年輕人中有五分之一超重，比1995年的二十分之一顯著上升。除了體重問(wèn)題，缺乏鍛煉也導(dǎo)致了學(xué)校近視的增加)”可知，第3段通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)比較說(shuō)明學(xué)生超重的嚴(yán)重性。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesixth-gradejoggingprogramservesasaninspiringexample,offeringasolutiontohelpstudentsfindmoretimetoexperiencehealth,happiness,andfriendshipthroughphysicalactivity.Itshowsthatwithdedicationandsupport,evenasimplejoggingroutinecanhaveagreateffectonthewell-beingofyoungstudents.(六年級(jí)的慢跑項(xiàng)目就是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的例子，它提供了一個(gè)解決方案，幫助學(xué)生們通過(guò)體育活動(dòng)找到更多的時(shí)間來(lái)體驗(yàn)健康、快樂(lè)和友誼。它表明，只要有奉獻(xiàn)精神和支持，即使是簡(jiǎn)單的慢跑也能對(duì)年輕學(xué)生的健康產(chǎn)生巨大影響)”可知，晨跑項(xiàng)目是有影響力的。故選B。CAraremoss(苔蘚)calledtakakiahasadaptedoverhundredsofmillionsofyearstosurvivetheextremesoflifeontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Andthereisateamofresearcherswhohavebeenstudyingthemossfornearlytenyears.Takakiaincludesjusttwospecies,bothofwhicharefoundonlyontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Takakiainthislocationhasbeenburiedundersnowforeightmonthsoftheyear,anditfacedstrongUVrayswhenitcamefromitssnowycover.Takakiahasbeendevelopinghereforover65millionyears,withthehabitatincreasinglybecomingextreme.Theresearchersrecordhowclimatechangehasgreatlychangedthemoss’habitatwithinjustafewyears.Andtheteamissurprisedtofindtakakia’sshapein165million-year-oldfossils(化石),showingthatgeneticchangesaffectingtheshapedevelopedmorethan165millionyearsagounderwildlydifferentconditions.Despitehavinghundredsofmillionsofyearstoadapttoclimatechange,thelittlemosswillbeendediftheglobalclimatekeepsgettingwarmer.Sincetheybegantakingmeasurementsoftakakia’shabitatintheearly2010s,theresearchershavedescribedanaveragetemperatureincreaseofalmost0.5℃peryear.Meanwhile,theglacier(冰川)nearsamplesitesismeltingatanalarmingpace-around50metersperyear.Theresearchersnotethattakakia’spopulationshavebecomesignificantlysmalleroverthestudyperiod.Duringthetenyears,thecoverageoftakakia’spopulationsdecreasedby1.6%everyyear,fasterthanthatoffourlocalcommonmosses—atrendtheyexpecttocontinue.“Ourstudyshowshowvaluabletakakiaisintracingthedevelopmentoflandplants.Thepopulationreductionwefoundisfrightening,”aresearchersays.“Luckily,knowingthattheplantisthreatenedbyextinctionalsogivesusachancetoprotectit.Forexample,wecangrowitinthelab,”anotherresearchersays.“Takakiahasseenthedinosaurscomeandgo.Ithasseenushumanscoming.Nowwecanlearnsomethingaboutadaptiveabilityandextinctionfromthismoss.”28.WhatcanbeinferredabouttakakiaontheQinghai-TibetPlateaufromthetext?A.Itshabitatisfreefromsnow.B.IthasbeendevelopingwildlyinChina.C.Ithasadaptedtoextremeconditionsforquiteatime.D.Itsgeneshavebeenunchangedformillionsofyears.29.Whatmightbethemainthreattotakakiaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Theriseofglacialwater. B.Humanharvesting.C.Thecompetitionwiththelocalmosses. D.Globalwarming.30.Whatistheattitudeofthetworesearchersinthelastparagraphtotakakia?A.Curious. B.Concerned. C.Indifferent. D.Impatient.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAncientHistoryofTakakia B.TheUniqueAdaptiveAbilityofTakakiaC.TheThreatenedSurvivalofTakakia D.TheRapidlyIncreasingPopulationofTakakia【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述角葉藻苔在青藏高原長(zhǎng)期適應(yīng)極端環(huán)境，現(xiàn)因全球變暖數(shù)量銳減，生存受威脅【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Araremoss(苔蘚)calledtakakiahasadaptedoverhundredsofmillionsofyearstosurvivetheextremesoflifeontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.(一種名為‘角葉藻苔’的稀有苔蘚已經(jīng)在數(shù)億年的時(shí)間里適應(yīng)了青藏高原極端的生存環(huán)境。)”以及第二段“Takakiahasbeendevelopinghereforover65millionyears,withthehabitatincreasinglybecomingextreme.(角葉藻苔已經(jīng)在這里發(fā)展了超過(guò)6500萬(wàn)年，其棲息地越來(lái)越極端。)”可知，角葉藻苔在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了極端條件。故選C?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Despitehavinghundredsofmillionsofyearstoadapttoclimatechange,thelittlemosswillbeendediftheglobalclimatekeepsgettingwarmer.(盡管有數(shù)億年的時(shí)間來(lái)適應(yīng)氣候變化，但如果全球氣候繼續(xù)變暖，這種小苔蘚將會(huì)滅絕。)”可知，對(duì)角葉藻苔的主要威脅是全球變暖。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Ourstudyshowshowvaluabletakakiaisintracingthedevelopmentoflandplants.Thepopulationreductionwefoundisfrightening,’aresearchersays.‘Luckily,knowingthattheplantisthreatenedbyextinctionalsogivesusachancetoprotectit.’(一位研究人員說(shuō)：‘我們的研究表明，角葉藻苔在追蹤陸地植物的發(fā)展方面是多么有價(jià)值。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)量減少是令人恐懼的。幸運(yùn)的是，知道這種植物受到滅絕的威脅也給了我們一個(gè)保護(hù)它的機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為角葉藻苔數(shù)量減少令人恐懼，并且提到要保護(hù)它，所以他們對(duì)角葉藻苔的態(tài)度是擔(dān)憂的。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了角葉藻苔在青藏高原適應(yīng)極端環(huán)境生存了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但是由于全球氣候變暖，其棲息地發(fā)生變化，數(shù)量顯著減少，面臨滅絕的威脅。所以C選項(xiàng)TheThreatenedSurvivalofTakakia(角葉藻苔受到威脅的生存狀況)符合文章主旨，可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。DChina'sspaceexplorationprogramhasmadeasignificantachievementinrecentyears.Besides,thenationplanstolanditsastronautsonthemoonandconductresearch.OnekeyaspectofthesemissionsisthelunarlandingsuitwornbyChina'sastronauts.China'slunarlandingsuitshowsthecountry'screativity.Thesuit,withseverallayers(層),isdesignedtofightagainsttheterribleconditionsofthelunarsurface,includingextremetemperatures,lowgravity,andsolarradiation(輻射).Theinnermostlayerisdesignedforcomfort,ensuringthattheastronautsremaincoolanddryduringthemission.Thislayerisfollowedbypressureclothingthatkeepsthecorrectatmosphericpressurewithinthesuit,inthelow-pressureenvironmentofthemoon.Theouterlayer,madeofaspecialmaterial,protectstheastronautsfromextremeheatandbittercold,rangingfromover100℃duringthedaytimetoaslowas-170℃atnight.Despitetheseverallayersandprotectiveequipment,thesuitisflexible,enablingtheastronautstomovefreely.Thelunarlandingsuitisequippedwitharangeoffeaturesthatimprovetheastronauts'abilitytoperformtasksonthemoon.Thesuit'sgloves,forexample,allowforfinemotorskills,makingiteasierforthemtohandletoolsandequipment.Alifesupportsystemincludedinthesuitcanprovideoxygen,regulatetemperature,andremoveCO2,whichisimportanttotheirsurvivalduringthemission,asthelunarenvironmentisunfitforhumanlifewithoutpropersupport.Besides,thesuitincludesahelmet(頭盔)withavisorthatprovidesaclearviewwhileprotectingtheireyesfromdustandradiation.Thehelmetalsohascommunicationsystems,allowingthemtostayincontactwithmissioncontrol.Throughyearsofresearchanddevelopment,China'slatestlunarlandingsuitmarksabigbreakthrough(重大進(jìn)展)inspacetechnology,showcasingthenation'spowerinspaceengineeringandrepresentingabigtechnologicalleap.32.Whatdoestheouterofthesuitmainlyfightagainst?A.Highgravity. B.Theextremetemperatures.C.Muchdrought. D.Theatmosphericpressure.33.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutthesuit?A.Itsdesignandfunctions. B.Itscostandbenefits.C.Itshistoryandfuture. D.Itsmaterialandweight.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)eap”inthelastparagraphreferto?dA.Advance. B.Mission. C.Error. D.Pressure.35.Whatcanweconcludefromthedesignofthesuit?A.Betterlatethannever. B.AllroadsleadtoRome.CActionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.【答案】32.B33.A34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)的太空探索計(jì)劃取得重大成就，計(jì)劃讓宇航員登月并開(kāi)展研究，其中宇航員所穿的登月服是關(guān)鍵。詳細(xì)介紹了登月服的結(jié)構(gòu)，包括多層設(shè)計(jì)及其各自功能，如最內(nèi)層保證舒適，壓力服維持氣壓，外層抵御極端溫度等。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theouterlayer,madeofaspecialmaterial,protectstheastronautsfromextremeheatandbittercold,rangingfromover100℃duringthedaytimetoaslowas-170℃atnight.(外層由一種特殊材料制成，保護(hù)宇航員免受極端高溫和嚴(yán)寒的影響，從白天超過(guò)100℃到夜晚低至-170℃)”可知，宇航服的外層主要抵御的是極端溫度。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thelunarlandingsuitisequippedwitharangeoffeaturesthatimprovetheastronauts'abilitytoperformtasksonthemoon.Thesuit'sgloves,forexample,allowforfinemotorskills,makingiteasierforthemtohandletoolsandequipment.Alifesupportsystemincludedinthesuitcanprovideoxygen,regulatetemperature,andremoveCO2,whichisimportanttotheirsurvivalduringthemission,asthelunarenvironmentisunfitforhumanlifewithoutpropersupport.Besides,thesuitincludesahelmet(頭盔)withavisorthatprovidesaclearviewwhileprotectingtheireyesfromdustandradiation.Thehelmetalsohascommunicationsystems,allowingthemtostayincontactwithmissioncontrol.(登月服配備了一系列功能，這些功能提高了宇航員在月球上執(zhí)行任務(wù)的能力。例如，宇航服的手套允許進(jìn)行精細(xì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能操作，使他們更容易操作工具和設(shè)備。宇航服中包含的生命支持系統(tǒng)可以提供氧氣、調(diào)節(jié)溫度并去除二氧化碳，這對(duì)他們?cè)谌蝿?wù)期間的生存很重要，因?yàn)樵跊](méi)有適當(dāng)支持的情況下，月球環(huán)境不適合人類(lèi)生存。此外，宇航服包括一個(gè)帶有面罩的頭盔，在保護(hù)他們的眼睛免受灰塵和輻射的同時(shí)提供清晰的視野。頭盔還配備了通信系統(tǒng)，使他們能夠與任務(wù)控制中心保持聯(lián)系)”可知，第三段主要介紹了登月服的設(shè)計(jì)（如手套、頭盔等）以及這些設(shè)計(jì)所具有的功能（如便于操作、保障生存、通信等）。故選A。【34題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Throughyearsofresearchanddevelopment,China'slatestlunarlandingsuitmarksabigbreakthrough(重大進(jìn)展)inspacetechnology,showcasingthenation'spowerinspaceengineeringandrepresentingabigtechnologicalleap.(經(jīng)過(guò)多年的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)，中國(guó)最新的登月服標(biāo)志著太空技術(shù)的重大突破，展示了國(guó)家在太空工程方面的實(shí)力，并代表了一次重大的技術(shù)leap)可知，前文提到的“重大突破”以及“展示了國(guó)家在太空工程方面的實(shí)力”。由此推知，劃線詞“l(fā)eap”在這里表示技術(shù)上的進(jìn)步、提升，與advance意思接近。故選A。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。文章中講述了中國(guó)登月服的設(shè)計(jì)是為了應(yīng)對(duì)月球表面極端溫度、低重力、輻射等惡劣的環(huán)境條件，以及滿足宇航員在月球上執(zhí)行任務(wù)的各種需求（如提供生命支持、方便操作等），正是因?yàn)樵谠虑驁?zhí)行任務(wù)存在這些實(shí)際的需求，才促使了登月服的發(fā)明和不斷完善。由此推知，D選項(xiàng)“Necessityisthemotherofinvention.(需要是發(fā)明之母)”很好地體現(xiàn)了因?yàn)樵谠虑驁?zhí)行任務(wù)的實(shí)際需要，所以才有了登月服這樣的發(fā)明。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Greenlivingisnotjustanenvironmentalidea;itisasustainable(可持續(xù)的)wayoflife.____36____.Ihopeeachofuscanstartwithsmallactionstocontributetothesustainabledevelopmentofourplanet.SaveelectricityInourdailylives,weshouldpayattentiontosavingelectricity.Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleaveaclassroomoraroomathome.Althoughit’sasmallaction,itcansavelotsofelectricityovertime.Also,trytoreducethetimespentusingelectronicdevicesandspendmoretimereadingbooksordoingoutdooractivities.____37____SavewaterWaterisprecious,andweshouldnotwasteit.Donotturnthetapontoohighwhenwashingyourhands,andmakesuretoturnitofftightlyafteruse.____38____.Additionally,wecancollectrainwatertowaterplants,whichsaveswaterresourcesandreducesourrelianceontapwater.ReduceplasticusePlasticwasteisveryharmfultotheenvironment,soweshouldtrytoreducetheuseofdisposableplasticproducts.Forexample,bringreusablebagswhenshoppingtoavoidusingplasticbags.____39____.Thesesmallchangescanreducetheamountofplasticwasteandhelpusdevelopanawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.____40____Sortingwasteiseveryone’sresponsibility.Atschoolandathome,weshouldlearntoproperlysortwaste,suchasrecyclables,kitchenwaste,anddangerouswaste.Recyclableslikepaper,plasticbottles,andcansshouldbeplacedinrecyclingbinstoreducetheimpactoflandfillandincineration(焚化)ontheenvironment.Wecanalsoparticipateinschoolrecyclingactivitiesbydonatingoldbooks,newspapers,andotheritemstothoseinneed,makingbetteruseofresources.Byadoptingthesesimplepractices,wecanallcontributetoagreenerandmoresustainableworld.A.ReuseandsellwasteB.SortandrecyclewasteC.HerearesometipsforgreenlivingD.WatercanbeusedtodomanythingsE.TrytotakeshortershowerstoavoidwastingwaterF.ThisnotonlyhelpssaveenergybutalsoprotectsyoureyesightG.Usereusablewaterbottlesinsteadofsingle-useplasticbottles【答案】36.C37.F38.E39.G40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是綠色生活的理念，并給出了節(jié)約用電、用水，減少塑料使用及垃圾分類(lèi)等綠色生活的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Greenlivingisnotjustanenvironmentalidea;itisasustainable(可持續(xù)的)wayoflife.(綠色生活不僅僅是一種環(huán)保理念，它是一種可持續(xù)的生活方式)”引出綠色生活的話題，結(jié)合下文“Saveelectricity(節(jié)約用電)”、“Savewater(節(jié)約用水)”以及“Reduceplasticuse(減少使用塑料)”等，分別從節(jié)約用電、節(jié)約用水等方面給出綠色生活的做法可知，此空應(yīng)是引出下文綠色生活的建議，C選項(xiàng)“Herearesometipsforgreenliving(以下是一些綠色生