備戰(zhàn)2021高考英語閱讀之說明文（二）

（A）

Whenmusiccomeson,somepeoplearetoe-lappersorhead-bobbers,othersshaketheirhips,

andthentherearcthosewholettherhythmmovethemtoafull-bodyboogie（布吉舞）.But,

whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercannow

identifyusbyouruniquedancing“fingerprint”.

ResearchersattheCentreforInterdisciplinaryMusicResearchatFinland'sUniversitycfJyv

skylhavebeenusingmotioncapture（動作捕捉）technologytostudywhataperson'sdancemoves

sayabouthisorhermood,personality,andabilitytosympathize.Theyrecentlymadeanaccidental

discoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeableto

identifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.

Intheirstudy,theresearchers'motioncaptured73participantswiththeAItechnologywhilethey

dancedtoeightdifferentmusicgenres:electronica,jazz,metal,pop.rap,reggae,country,andblues.

Theonlyinstructionthedancersweregivenwastomoveinawaythatfeltnatural.

Butwhatitcoulddowasmoreshocking.Thecomputerwasabletocorrectlyidentifywhich

musiconeof（heparticipantswasdancingto94percentofthetime,regardlessofwhatkindofmusic

wasplaying,basedonthepatternofaperson'sdancestyle.Itwasthemovementofparticipants,

heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.4<It

seemsasthoughaperson'sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasaunique

movementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying,saidPasiSaari,a

co-authorofthestudy,inaclass.

It'spossiblethatdancc-rccognitionsoftwarecouldbecomesomethingsimilarto

face-recognitionsoftwarebutitdoesn'tseemaspractical.Fornow,researcherssaythattheyarenot

asinterestedinpossiblesurveillance（1監(jiān)視）usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsof

thisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.Sodon'tworryaboutbeingidentifiedat

nightclubbyanAIviayoursignaturedancemovesyet.

1.WhatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowiththeMLmachine?

A.Testthedancers'flexibility.

B.Makedancersaccustomedtothebeat.

C.Identifythemusicusingdancers'moves.

D.Checktheaccuracyofmotioncapturetechnology.

2.WhatmightnothelptheAItechnologydetermineadancer'sidentity?

A.Headmovement.B.Footmovement.

C.Kneemovement.D.Shouldermovement.

3.Whatdoresearcherswanttousetheresultsfor?

A.Puttingitontheapplicationmarket.

B.Programmingittoworkatnightclub.

C.Learningabout（hehumanresponsetomusic.

D.Developingasoftwarelikeface-recognition.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.Amusicstylematterslessthanitsbeat.

B.NewAIcangenerateyournextdancemove.

C.Adance-rccognitionsoftwarewillbecomemorepopular.

D.NewAIcanidentifyyoubyyourdancing“fingerprint”.

（B）

Oursuitshavefourlayers:thermal（保暖的）underwearontheinside,followedbyan

electricallyheatedbodysuit,athickwoolcoat,andahalf-inch-thicklayerofrubberouterwear.

There'rctwolayersofhoods,waterproofglovesand35poundsofweights.Therearctwobatteries

fbrtheheatedbodysuit,abackupgascontainer,andfinally,myphotographyequipment.Wclook

likeastronautsminusthehelmets.

Whenwefinallydiveintothefreezingwater,we'rewearing200poundseach.Thecold

quicklynumbs（使麻木）lhefewsquareinchesofexposedskinonourcheeks,andasthedivegoes

on.itspreadsintooursuitsandgloves,bitingevenharder.It'salmostunbearable.Towardtheend,

aswe'repausingon.ourwayuptoletthepressuredrop,wesearchforanythingtodistractus

fromthepain.Whenwefinallydragourselvesoutofthefreezingocean,Iliefacedownontheice,

mybraindulled,myskinhardandwrinkled,mylips,hands,andfeetswollenandunconscious（無

知覺的）一（hen,asmybodywarmsandthebloodstartstoflowagain,theintensepainisatits

worst.

Whatcouldpossiblymakethisworthwhile?Thesight!Onlyafewspeciesofseals,penguins,

andotherbirdsliveinEastAntarctica,andnolandmammalsatall.Below,it'sarichgarden.

Antarcticmarine（海洋的）lifehasbeenlargelyisolatedfromtherestoftheplanetformillionsof

years,eversincethecontinentsseparatedfromtheothercontinentsandfrozeover.Sincethenthe

powerfulAntarcticCircumpolarCurrenthassurroundedAntarcticafromwesttoeast,creatinga

sharpchangeintemperaturethatpreventsthespreadofmarineanimals.Thelongisolationhas

allowedasurprisingdiversityofspecies,uniquetotheregion,toevolveontheseafloor.

ThewatersunderAntarcticicearelikeMountQomolangma:magical,butextremely

unfriendly.Nothingshortoffullcommitmentgetsyouanywhere.Thedemandistoogreat.But

that'swhatmakestheimagesyouseeheresobreathtaking,andtheexperienceofhaving

photographedthemandofhavingseenthisplacesounforgettable.

I.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraphI?

A.Howfullypreparedthediversare,

B.Howentertainingadiverappearstobe.

C.Howadvancedmoderntechnologiesare.

D.Howheavytheastronauts'equipmentis.

2.Thediverssufferthegreatestpainwhenthey.

A.diveintothewaterB.begintoresurface

C.reachthedeepestspotD.regainconsciousness

3.WhacdoweknowaboutmarinespeciesinAntarctica?

A.Theycanbefoundelsewhereontheplanet.

B.Theyhaveunimpressivebiologicaldiversity.

C.Theyexperiencesharpchangesintemperature.

D.Theyliverclalivclyiiidcpundcnllygeographically.

4.WhatmakesthedivingexperienceinAntarcticasoworthwhile?

A.Theamazingsceneryandpicturestaken.

B.Thedivers'devotiontothetoughtask.

C.Thelong-standingreputationofAntarctica.

D.Thechallengingcircumstancesofthediving.

(C)

Oneof(hemostdangerousinsectsyouneedtowatchoutfbrduringsummerismosquitoes.Bu(

nomatterhowyoutrytoavoidthem,somepeoplenaturallyattractmosquitoesmorethanothers.

Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownbysmell

andbodyodour(氣味),accordingtoBartKnols,PhD,abiologistdevotedtothestudyofmosquitoes.

Thecarbondioxidepeoplebreatheout,alongwithchemicalsfromtheskin,createsan“odour

piumc,,thatmosquitoescardetectfromuptoalmost100feetaway."Eachpersongivesoffmore

than300chemicalsfromtheskin,morethan100inbreathingout,“Knotssays.

Thespecificmixturesontheskin(hatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies.Theyellowfever

mosquitoandAsiantigermosquito,fbrexample,respondwelltolacticacidfromskin.African

malariamosquitoesrespondtoamixoffattyacids,accordingtoKnols.Yourindividualmixtures

andsmellsdeterminehowmuchofamosquitoattractionyouare,dependingonthemosquito

species.Themixofchemicalsyouproducearconlypartlyinyourcontrol.Thesechemicalsdepend

onyourgeneticmake-up,healthcondition,diet,skinpH,andsoon."Bacteria(細菌)ontheskin

breakdownthemixturesthatwegiveoffthroughourpores(毛孑L),andthesearetheattractive

smells,“Knolssays."Soitisnotactuallywethatattractmosquitoes,butthebacteriaonourskin.^^

Althoughthisisacomplexandpartlyunderstoodphenomenon.Knolssaysthatwedoallhave

auniquesmell.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutwhysomepeoplearemoreorlessattractiveto

mosquitoes.Somepeoplefalselythinkthebloodtypeisthecause,andothersbelievetakingvitamin

Boreatinggarlicmakespeoplelessattractivetomosquitoes——butKnolsnotesthere'snoscientific

databackingtheseclaims.

1.Whatdowelearnfromrhesecondparagraph?

A.Mosquitoescandetectpeoplewithsmcli.B.Nobodycanavoidmosquitoesanyway.

C.Apersonbreathesoutover300chemicals.D.Peoplenaturallyattractmosquitoes.

2.Whydoestheauthortakeseveralkindsofmosquitoesforexample?

A.Topersuadereaderstoprotect(heenvironment.

B.Towarnpeopleagainsttouchingmosquitoes.

C.Toshowdifferentmosquitoesreacttomixtures.

D.lbmakepeoplelookoutforpoisonousmosquitoes.

3.WhatdrawsmosquitoesaccordingtoBartKnols?

A.Chemicalsinthemouth.B.Mixturespeoplegiveoff.

C.Smellsfrom(hepores.D.Bacteriaontheskin.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheScientificReasonYouAreaMosquitoAttraction

B.FolkStoriesaboutHowMosquitoesAttackPeople

C.AttitudestowardMosquitoesDifferentPeopleHave

D.WaystoMakePccplcMoreandMoreAttractive

(D)

Likeallculturalinstitutions,galleriesandartfairsareadaptingtoanewreality.

ArtBaselHongKong,Asia'sbiggestcontemporary-artfair,wascancelledbecauseof

COVID-19,butanyonehewhohadplannedtovisitIasiweekcouldenjoyanexperimental

alternative：theviewingroom.Attheclickofakeyboardyoucouldenteranoverallviewbutprivate

visualsalon,withouthavingtobravetheairlessHongKongConventionandExhibitionCentre.

There,ononewebpage,wasJeffKoonsriffing(翻唱)onBotticelli's"Primavera“inatribute

to(hehistoryofpaintingatDavidZwirncrGallery.OtaFineArtsofferedonecollectorthechanceto

acquirean“infinity(無限)room“，oneofthemostInstagrammcdartworksofrecentyears——the

creationofthefantasies,nonagenarian(九卜多歲)Japaneseartist,YayoiKusama.WhiteCube

presentedalargecollectionofinternationalworksbyAndreasGursky(German),TheasterGates

(American)andBeatrizMihazes(Brazilian).Butnoteveryartist,galleryandformshowedtoequal

advantageinthisalternativefair.Notsurprisingly,simpletwo-dimensionalworksinbrightcolours

cameacrossbestNosculptureorconceptualartwasincluded.

Besidesdepthandtexture,thereareaspectsofgalleryhoppingthatawebsiteisunlikelyto

copy.Oneisserendipily—thesenseofwanderingbetweenartworksandencountering(he

unexpected.Anotherissociability.Artisacommunionbetweenartistandviewer,butgalleriesand

fairsarealsoplacestoswapopinionsandshareenthusiasms.

Therearewaystocompensateortheseinevitable(不可避免的)disadvanlages.Astheyshut

theirphysicaldoors,someoftheworld'snestgalleriesandmuseumsarcofferingadvanced

interactivevisits.360degreevideosandwalkaroundtoursoftheircollections,allwithoutqueues

andhighticketprices.OneofthebestislaidonbytheRijksmuseuminAmsterdam;itstourallows

visitorstoviewitsVermeersandRembrandts,includingthemagnicent"NightWatch"，farmore

closelythanwouldnormallyhepossible.AnotherstandoutofferingisfromtheMuseudeArtede

SPaulo,whichhasanevenbroadercollection.Onitsvirtualplatform,itspaintings,spanning700

years,appeartobehanginginanopen-planspace,seeminglyhungonglasspanels,or^crystal

easels”asthemuseumcallsthem,idealforclose-upinspection,

I.Fromtheparagraph3,wcmayknow.

A.”Primavera"wasoriginallypaintedbyJeKoons

B.infinityroom“wasthemostpopularartworksofrecentyearsonsocialmedia

C.WhileCubedisplayedagreatmanyworksbyartistsfromdifferentnations

D.variouspaintingsandstatuesshowedonthewebpagearewell-received

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"serendipity"inParagraph4probablymean?

A.surprise.B.treasure.C.expectation.D.compromise.

3.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?

A.Tointroducesomepopularartshowintheworld.

B.ToshowthattherearesomealternativewaystopromotethedisplayduringCOVID-19

epidemic.

C.Toprovethatpaintingshungonglasspanelscanbeidealforclose-upinspection,

D.Toreleasesomeinformationaboutsomeextraordinaryartshows.

4.Whatisthebesttitle?

A.Artbeyondtheinternet.B.Fascinatingart.

C.ArtunderCOVID-19.D.galleryhopping

(E)

TherewasatimewhenthemajorconcernwithAIsafetyhadbeentheoneevilsuper

intelligence,reflectedinthemovie叮heTerminator”.However,thegame"Tacoma”takesa

differentapproach.ItassumesthattherewillbenumerousAG1(artificialgeneralintelligence)inthe

worldandthatanyAGI,evenasafelydesignedone,inthewronghandsatthewrongtimecould

causelive?tobelost.That'sthefuturethatagrowingnumberofAIsafetyexpertsareworriedabout.

Thisisnotanewidea.Inthebook''EngineeringaSaferWorld,“MITprofessorNancyG

Levesonaddressescommonmisunderstandingsaboutsafety-criticalsystemsengineering:

engineeringsystemswhosefailurecouldleadtohumanloss.Suchsafety-criticaltechnologies

includeaviation,nuclearpower,automobiles,heavychemicals,biotechnology,and,ofcourse,AG1.

Sowhatcanbedone?

Technologyisn'talwaysthesolution.Afamousexampleistheinventionofsonicradars(聲波

Wii)thatweresupposedtohelpshipsdetectnearbyobstacles,butwhichonlyincreasedtherateof

accidents.Why?Captainssailedfaster,thinkingtheycouldgetawaywithit(hankstothenewsafety

technology.

Insteadoftechnologies,Leveson'sbooksuggests,weshouldbemakingorganizationalchanges.

Additionally,Levesonsuggests,amongmanycomplicatedguidelines,organizationsshouldbe

awarethatsafetyguidelineswillinevitablybecomelaxovertime.Asaconsequence,measures

shouldbecarriedouttopreventpotentialdisasters.

WhatlessonscanwedrawfromconcernwithAIsafety?Theanswermaylieinrecentdisaster

narratives(敘述)，whichremindusthat,especiallyinlimeslike(his,weshouldn'tforgetthe

potentialforotherdisasters.Publicconsciencereallydoesmatter.Andifwe'reallbetteratthinking

aboutsafetywecitizens,maybewereallycanpreventdisasters.

1.Whydoestheauthormentioned"TheTenninator“inthefirstparagraph?

A.Toarousereaders'interestinTheTerminator.

B.TointroducethetopicofconcernwithAIsafely.

C.Tomentionthesimilaritybetween“TheTerminator”and“Tacoma”.

D.Tomakereadersrecalltheevilsuperintelligencereflectedinthemovie.

2.Whydidtherateofshipaccidentsstillincreaseaftertheinventionofsonicradars?

A.Becausecaptainsseldomusedthem.

B.Becauselliciadaisfailedtowuikpiopcily.

C.Becausecaptainsdependedonthemtoomuch.

D.Becausetheshipscouldn'tdetectnearbyobstacles.

3.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"lax”inparagraph5referto?

A.Safe.B.Important.

C.Unreliable.D.Unnecessary.

4.Whichot(hefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthe(ext?

A.DisasterpreventionLessonsfromAI.

B.Safelyproblemsinmodernsociety.

C.Engineeringdevelopmentinmodemdays.

D.Futureapplicationsofartificialintelligence.

A篇參考答案

1.根據(jù)文章第二段中'Theyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifan

MLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwas

playingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing."他們在嘗試看人工智能ML機

器是否能夠根據(jù)研究參與者跳舞的方式來識別出播放的音樂時，有了一個意外發(fā)現(xiàn)?？芍?/p>

研究人員期望用ML機器根據(jù)舞蹈者的動作識別音樂。故選C。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段中"Itwasthemovementofparticipants'heads,shouldersandkneesthat

wereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.”參與者頭部、肩膀和膝羔的運動

是區(qū)分個體的重要標志?？芍?，跳舞者的腳部運動不能幫助A1技術確定跳舞者的身份。故

選Bo

3.根據(jù)文章第四段中“researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance

（監(jiān)視）usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumans

respondtomusic.”研究人員說他們感興趣的不是這種技術的監(jiān)視用途，而是這項研究關于人

類對音樂是如何反應的結果。可知，研究人員想用這個研究的結果來了解人類對音樂的反應。

故選C。

4.文章第一段提至『'whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividual

thatacomputercannowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing“fingerprinl”.”不管是什么舞蹈，我

們跟著節(jié)拍跳舞的方式對一個人來說是如此明顯，以至于電腦現(xiàn)在可以通過我們獨特的跳舞

“指紋”來識別我們。第三段中提到研究人員PasiSaari所說的話“Itseemsasthoughaperson's

danceniovcincnlsakindoffingurprinl.Eachpersonhasauniqueniovcnicnlsigiialurcthatslaysthe

samenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying.一個人的舞蹈動作就好像是一種指紋。每個人

都有自己獨特的動作特征，無論演奏什么音樂，這些特征都是不變的。由此可知，文章是關

于新的AI技術能夠通過獨特的跳舞“指紋”來識別跳舞者.D項“新的AI技術能夠通過你的

跳舞“指紋”來識別你”可以作為本文標題。故選D。

B篇參考答案：ADDA

C篇參考答案：

1.根據(jù)第二段的Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrack

peopledownbysmellandbodyodour（氣味），accordingtoBartKnols,PhD,abiologist

devotedtothestudyofmosquiloes.據(jù)專門研究蚊子的生物學家BartKnols博士說，要記

住的最重要的事實之一是蚊子通過氣味和體味來追蹤人。可知，蚊子可以通過氣味探測

人。故選A。

2.根據(jù)第三段的Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovaryby

species.蚊子對皮膚上的特定混合物有反應，這種混合物因物種而異?？芍挛牧信e

黃熱病蚊子和亞洲虎蚊及非洲瘧疾蚊子是為了表明不同的蚊子對不同的混合物反應不

同。故選Co

3.根據(jù)第三段的Knolssays.“Soitisnotactuallywethatattractmosquitoes,butthe

bacteriaonourskin?Xnols說?！八詫嶋H上吸引蚊子的不是我們自己，而是我們皮膚上

的細菌.”可知，吸引蚊子的是皮膚卜的細菌.故選De

4.文章介紹了蚊子追蹤人們的嗅覺和體味，人的皮膚會產(chǎn)生很多不同的物質，而

不同的蚊子對皮膚的不同物質反應不同。我們之所以吸引蚊子是因為我們皮膚上的細

菌。因此，選項A“你吸引蚊子的科學原因”是本文的最佳標題。故選A。

D參考答案：

1.根據(jù)第三段第三句"WhiteCubepresentedalargecollectionofinternationalworksby

AndreasGursky（German）,TheasterGates（American）andBeatrizMilhazes（Brazilian）.（白立方

畫廊展示了安德烈亞斯?古爾斯基（德國）、西斯特?蓋茨1美國）和貝亞特里斯?米拉塞斯（巴

西）的一系列國際作品）”可知，白立方畫廊展示了很多來自不同國家的藝術家作品，故選

C項。

2.破折號后面的內(nèi)容是對劃線詞的解釋說明，根據(jù)“thesenseofwanderingbehveen

artworksandencountering（heunexpected.M可知，"serendipily”是指在藝術品之間徘徊，遇

到意想不到的東西，即“意外發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故選A項。

3.第四段提到與逛畫廊相比，在線藝術展覽的一些缺陷，結合最后一段第一句"There

arewaystocompensatefortheseinevitable（不可避免的）disadvantages4有一些方法可以彌補

這些不可避免的缺陷）”可知，最后一段的目的是表明有一些可供選擇的方