SectionⅢGrammar對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P31[基礎(chǔ)題]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．[2024·北京高考]Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime________(spend)withhisstudents.答案：spent句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，不過他仍舊記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的歡樂時(shí)間。time與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞作后置定語。2．________(face)withaheavyloadofwork,Jimwonderedhowhecouldfinishitthistime.答案：Faced句意：面臨著繁重的工作，吉姆思索著這一次怎樣才能完成任務(wù)。befacedwithsth.表示“(某人)面臨著某事”，是固定用法，face的邏輯主語是Jim，兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故運(yùn)用過去分詞作狀語。3．________(compare)withletters,e-mailsaremoreconvenientincommunicationnowadays.答案：Compared句意：和信件相比，如今電子郵件更便利溝通。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，compare的邏輯主語是主句主語e-mails，兩者之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填Compared。4．Recyclepaper,plasticandglassandbuythingsmadefrom________(recycle)materials,andalotofenergywillbesaved.答案：recycled過去分詞作定語，修飾materials，表示被動(dòng)和完成。5．Greatly________(encourage),theplayerstriedtheirbesttowinthegamefortheircountry.答案：encouraged句意：受到極大的鼓舞，運(yùn)動(dòng)員們?nèi)σ愿盀樽鎳A得競賽。encourage和其邏輯主語theplayers之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)員“被激勵(lì)”，所以此處用過去分詞作狀語。6．________(catch)inthetrafficjam,hegottoschoolverylatethismorning.答案：Caughtbecaughtin...表示“被困在……”，catch與其邏輯主語he之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作緣由狀語。7．Janeisashygirlandsheneverspeaksuntil________(speak)to.答案：spoken句意：簡是一個(gè)羞澀的女孩，別人開口和她說話之前，她從不說話?！斑B詞＋過去分詞”在句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于“連詞＋狀語從句”的省略形式，即...untilsheisspokento。8．[2024·北京高考]________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.答案：Ordered句意：這些書一個(gè)多星期前就被下訂單了，預(yù)料現(xiàn)在隨時(shí)會(huì)到。order與邏輯主語thebooks之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語，答案為Ordered。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Inspiringbymyteacher,Isignedupforthespeechcontestandmadefullpreparationsforit.________________________________________________________________________答案：Inspiring→Inspired2．Althoughremindingnottodriveafterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisverydangerous.________________________________________________________________________答案：reminding→reminded3．Thoughbringupinapoorfamily,theyounggirlhasahighlevelofself-esteem.________________________________________________________________________答案：bring→brought4．Devotetohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutotherthings.________________________________________________________________________答案：Devote→Devoted5．Theteachingreformintendingtopromotestudents'motivationinclasshasreceivedgoodresults.________________________________________________________________________答案：intending→intended6．“Wecan'tgooutinthisweather，”saidBob,lookedoutofthewindow.________________________________________________________________________答案：looked→lookingⅢ.完成句子1．Hesatinthearmchair，________________________________________________________________________.他坐在躺椅上讀報(bào)紙。答案：readinganewspaper2．Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindever________.這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。答案：written3．__________________inthebush,Susanwassentbacktothecamp.因?yàn)楸还嗄緟仓械纳咭У?，蘇珊被送回到露營地。答案：Bittenbythesnake4．________________________________________________________________________，theyoungmanwasalittleshy.被女孩們包圍了，這個(gè)年輕人有點(diǎn)羞澀。答案：Surroundedbythegirls5．____________byagroupofstudents,theteacherenteredtheclassroom.老師走進(jìn)教室，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。答案：Followed[實(shí)力題]Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheFutureofDairyFarming:RobotMilkersJohnFendrickistheownerofthefarm.Heinspectstheprogressoftheanimalsbylookingatacomputerscreen.Thatisallhehastodo.“Thedooropensup,theywalkin,andtheygetmilked.Thedooropensup,andtheywalkout.”Therobotdoesallthework.Itusesalasertofindeachteat(乳頭)—theplaceonthecowwherethemilkcomesout.Therobotthencleanstheteatandconnectsamilkingtubetoit.Therobotalsoteststhemilkforpossiblecontamination(污染).Ifitfindsaproblem,itrejectsthemilk.Whentheamountofmilkcomingoutofthecowslows,themachineknowstostop,andsendsthecowonitsway.MilkingrobotsarebecomingpopularamongdairyfarmersintheUnitedStates,EuropeandAustralia.JohnFendricksaystherobotshavechangedlifeonadairyfarm.“Youaregivingthefreedomback.Soitallowsmeorthepeopleworkingformetoactuallydootherthingsonthefarm.”Mostdairyfarmersmustmilktheircowstwotimesaday,earlyinthemorningandlateatnight.Theanimalsaremilkedeverydayingoodweatherorbad.ButMrFendrick'scowsdonotfollowsuchaschedule.Theystayinthefielduntiltheywanttobemilkedbytherobot.Someofthemcometobemilkedinthemiddleofthenight.MrFendrickdoesn'tevenneedtobetheretowatchhiscowsbeingmilked.Hecanwatchfromhistelephone.Hecanlearnwheneachcowwasmilkedandhowmuchsheproduced.Hecanalsolearnifacowhasnotbeenmilkedforalongtime.Andhesaysthatisagoodthing.“Idon'tliketomilk.”Withtherobot,hecanturnhisattentiontootherthings.Hegetsabout475litresofmilkaday,andheneverhastotouchacow.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了將來乳牛業(yè)的一種新模式——在養(yǎng)殖場運(yùn)用機(jī)器人擠奶，并介紹了機(jī)器人擠奶的過程和優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以及帶給農(nóng)場主的便利。1．Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectprocessoftherobotmilkingcows?a．cleaningtheteatb．testingthemilkc．lettingcowsgod．rejectingoracceptingthemilkA．a(chǎn),d,b,cB．b,a,d,cC．b,d,a,cD．a(chǎn),b,d,c答案：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段所講解并描述的機(jī)器人擠奶的過程可知，機(jī)器人先清洗乳頭，然后檢測牛奶，假如牛奶被污染，它會(huì)拒絕擠奶，沒有被污染則正常擠奶，最終讓奶牛離開。故選D項(xiàng)。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Thelaser.B．Therobot.C．Theteat.D．Thecow.答案：B指代推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Therobotalsoteststhemilkforpossiblecontamination(污染)．”可知，這里是說機(jī)器人若發(fā)覺了問題，它會(huì)拒絕擠奶。所以it在這里指代therobot。故選B項(xiàng)。3．ThereasonwhyMrFendrickdoesn'tevenhavetobeonthefarmisthat________.A．hecanwatchandlearnfromhistelephoneB．hehascompletelybeenreplacedbyrobotsC．robotswilltellhimallbytelephoneD．heisnotthepersononcalltomilk答案：A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段可知，芬德里克先生可以通過電話監(jiān)管和了解農(nóng)場的狀況，所以沒有必要親自去農(nóng)場。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.完形填空Dadhadagreencomb.HeboughtitwhenhemarriedMum.Everynight,hewouldhandmehis__1__andsay,“Goodgirl,helpDaddycleanit,OK？”Iwas__2__todoit.Atagefive,thisdulltaskbroughtmesuch__3__.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetap__4__andbrushthecombcarefully.SatisfiedthatI'ddoneagoodjob,IwouldhappilyreturnthecombtoDad.Hewould__5__affectionately(親切地)atmeandplacethecombonhiswallet.Twoyearslater,Dadstartedhisown__6__，whichwasn'tdoingsowell.Thatwaswhenthingsstartedto__7__.Daddidn'tcomehomeasearlyandasmuchasheusedto,MumandIbecame__8__withhimforplacingourfamilyintrouble.With__9__goingby,anuncomfortablesilencegrewbetweenus.Aftermygraduation,Dad'sbusinesswasgettingbackontrack.Onmy28thbirthday,Dadcamehome__10__.Asusual,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohisstudy.WhenIturnedtoleave,hesaid,“Hey,wouldyouhelpme__11__mycomb？”Ilookedathimawhile,then__12__thecombandheadedtothesink.Ithitmethen:why,asachild,__13__Dadcleanhiscombwassuchapleasure.Thatroutine(習(xí)慣)meantDadwashomeearlyto__14__theeveningwithMumandme.It__15__ahappyandlovingfamily.IpassedthecleancombbacktoDad.Hesmiledatmeand__16__placedhiscombonhiswallet.Butthistime,Inoticedsomething__17__.Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,__18__hissmilewasstillas__19__asbefore,thesmileofafatherwhojustwantedagood__20__forhisfamily.eq\x(篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文中講解并描述了起初作者認(rèn)為自己的父親忙于事業(yè)對家人缺乏關(guān)切，但是后來作者發(fā)覺父親所做的這一切其實(shí)都是為了家人的華蜜。)1．A.bagB．walletC．combD．brush答案：C依據(jù)文章首句“Dadhadagreencomb.”可知，此處指作者的父親會(huì)把梳子(comb)交給她，讓她去清洗這把梳子。2．A.annoyedB．relievedC．a(chǎn)shamedD．pleased答案：D依據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者是很興奮(pleased)地去做這件事情的。下文的“excitedly”和“cleanhiscombwassuchapleasure”也是提示。3．A.joyB．sadnessC．courageD．pain答案：A依據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處指這份乏味的工作給作者帶來了歡樂(joy)。4．A.outB．overC．inD．on答案：D依據(jù)下文中的“brushthecomb”(清洗梳子)可知，此處指的是作者打開水龍頭。turnon“打開”，符合語境。5．A.stareB．smileC．shoutD．laugh答案：B依據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示父親會(huì)親切地對著“我”微笑(smile)，然后把梳子放到他的錢包上。6．A.familyB．businessC．taskD．journey答案：B依據(jù)下文的“Dad'sbusiness”可知，兩年之后父親起先了自己的事業(yè)(business)，但是狀況不太好。7．A.progressB．changeC．improveD．form答案：B依據(jù)后文的“Daddidn'tcomehomeasearlyandasmuchasheusedto.”以及“forplacingourfamilyintrouble”可知，就是那時(shí)候，事情起先改變(change)了。8．A.satisfiedB．delightedC．madD．strict答案：C依據(jù)句意可知，作者的母親和作者很生父親的氣，因?yàn)樗沟盟麄兊募蚁萑氲侥婢持?。bemadwith意思是“對……很生氣”，符合語境。9．A.timeB．patienceC．speedD．ease答案：A依據(jù)句意可知，隨著時(shí)間(time)的推移，“我”們之間漸漸產(chǎn)生了令人感到不舒適的緘默，這示意家庭成員之間有了隔閡。10．A.occasionallyB．earlyC．frequentlyD．rarely答案：B結(jié)合上下文語境可知，此處指由于父親的事業(yè)漸漸步入了正軌，在作者28歲生日那天，父親早早地(early)回了家。11．A.sharpenB．repairC．cleanD．keep答案：C依據(jù)第一段中的“Goodgirl，helpDaddycleanit，OK？”可知，此處指父親讓作者幫助他清洗(clean)一下梳子。12．A.droppedB．tookC．handedD．threw答案：B依據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處指作者接過(took)那把梳子，然后向洗滌池那里走去。13．A.watchingB．lettingC．helpingD．hearing答案：C依據(jù)上文的“Goodgirl，helpDaddycleanit，OK？”可知，此處指幫助(helping)父親清洗梳子。14．A.findB．loseC．wasteD．spend答案：D這里提到父親早早地回到家里，那么應(yīng)當(dāng)是與母親和“我”一起度過(spend)晚上的時(shí)間。15．A.affectedB．brokeC．meantD．supported答案：C依據(jù)上文的“Thatroutine(習(xí)慣)meant...”可知，此處指一家人共度夜晚時(shí)間，意味著(meant)一個(gè)歡樂的和充溢愛的家庭。16．A.firmlyB．hurriedlyC．casuallyD．carefully答案：D句意：父親對“我”笑了笑，當(dāng)心地(carefully)把梳子放在他的錢包上。firmly“堅(jiān)決地”，hurriedly“匆忙地”，casually“隨意地”，均不符合語境。17．A.differentB．excitingC．interestingD．urgent答案：A句意：但是，這一次，“我”留意到一些不同的(different)事情。后文中的“Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinkles...”說明白父親的改變，即不同。18．A.forB．orC．soD．yet答案：D依據(jù)上下文的語境可知，此處表示意思上的轉(zhuǎn)折，故用yet，意為“然而，但是”。19．A.convincingB．heartwarmingC．cautiousD．innocent答案：B此處指父親的微笑仍舊像以前一樣令人感到華蜜歡樂(heartwarming)。convincing“令人信服的，有勸服力的”，cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”，innocent“無辜的”，均不符合語境。20．A.originB．lifeC．reputationD．education答案：B由上下文可知，從父親的笑中，作者體會(huì)到父親是想讓自己的家人擁有好的生活(life)。Ⅲ.語法填空TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists,drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether__1__(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria__2__(be)abletoresist__3__(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”.TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman__4__(healthy).Itsaidtheyhave__5__abilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial__6__helpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.Marie-PauleKienyistheAssistantDirector-GeneralattheWHO.Shesaid,“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefas