GrammarUnit12Lesson1SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSMastertheformation、functionandpositionofadjectives.LearningobjectivesCompletethesentenceswithadjectivesfromthetext.

Adjectives1Ifyouhadtochoosethe______mostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury...2...thewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsending________messages.3...itis__________tosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury. 4...this__________youngmanwasrockinghis______________babywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.5In1929,another____________findingwasmadeby...6...theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletely_________place.singleinstantpossibleout-spokenone-year-oldimportantdifferentWordBuilderStudythesentencesabove.Answerthequestions.1.Ifthereismorethanoneadjectivebeforeanoun,whatistheorderoftheadjectives?2.Whatwordscanbeusedtomodifyadjectives?Ifthereismorethanoneadjectivebeforeanoun,qualitativeadjectivesalwayscomebeforeclassifyingadjectives.Adverbscanmodifyadjectives.3.Findsomecompoundadjectives.Howaretheyformed?4.Whichoftheadjectivesarecomparable?adjectives?Whicharenon-comparableadjectives?Forexample,“one-year-old”and“strong-willed”arecompoundadjectives.Theyareformedwhentwoormoreadjectivesarejoinedtogetherbyoneormorehyphens.Adjectivesthatshowopinion,quality,size,shapeorcolourarecomparable.Adjectivesthatshowquantity,number,nationalityormaterialarenon-comparable.后綴例子①名詞+ysun–sunny;wind–windy②加后綴-ablecomfort-comfortable;advise-advisable③加后綴-alnation-national;nature-natural④加后綴-enwood-wooden;gold-golden1.1本身即為形容詞的詞：red,glad,nice1.2加后綴組成的形容詞Grammar：形容詞的構(gòu)成后綴例子⑤加后綴-entdiffer-different;insist-insistent⑥加后綴-ishfool-foolish;self-selfish⑦加后綴-iveexpense-expensive;act-active⑧加后綴-fulpower-powerful;peace-peaceful⑨加后綴-ousdanger-dangerous;fame-famous⑩名詞+lyfriend-friendly;month-monthlyGrammar：形容詞的構(gòu)成1.3復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成組成例子①副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working②副詞+過去分詞well-educated③名詞+過去分詞man-made④名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving⑤名詞+形容詞world-famous⑥數(shù)詞+名詞five-starGrammar：形容詞的構(gòu)成組成例子⑦數(shù)詞+名詞-edthree-legged⑧數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞five-year-old⑨形容詞+過去分詞ready-made⑩形容詞+名詞-edkind-hearted?形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞easy-going?形容詞+形容詞dark-blue?其他形式face-to-face;over-allGrammar：形容詞的構(gòu)成JoinonewordinboxAwithonewordinboxBtoformacompoundadjective.Thencompletethesentenceswiththecompoundadjectives.A.handwellearlyoldallhardhighB.knownmadenightmorningfashionedhittingfatearly-morninghand—madewell-knownhigh-fathard-hittingall-nightold-fashionedJoinonewordinboxAwithonewordinboxBtoformacompoundadjective.Thencompletethesentenceswiththecompoundadjectives.A.handwellearlyoldallhardhighB.knownmadenightmorningfashionedhittingfatearly-morninghand—madewell-knownhigh-fathard-hittingall-nightold-fashioned1.4分詞形容詞

現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞修飾事物，常譯為“令人……的”過去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞修飾人，常譯為“感到……的”annoying,boring,exciting,frightening,disappointing,discouraging,embarrassingannoyed,bored,excited,frightened,disappointed,discouraged,embarrassedGrammar：形容詞的構(gòu)成“名詞+分詞”構(gòu)成的形容詞，究竟是用-ing形式還是用-ed形式的分詞，要看復(fù)合詞與被修飾詞的關(guān)系，如peace-lovingpeople。限定詞12冠詞的限定詞（放在冠詞前）冠詞/指示代詞/所有格/不定代詞等both,suchthe,a(n),your,Tom’s,

this,that,these,those,another,some,any當(dāng)多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)作定語時(shí)，一般按照各形容詞與被修飾詞之間的緊密程度排列，其排列順序如下：

Grammar：形容詞的位置數(shù)量詞34序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞first,second,third,fourth,fifthone,two,three,fourfiveGrammar：形容詞的位置形容詞567891011性質(zhì)狀態(tài)大小/長短/形狀新舊/溫度顏色國籍材料用途/類別kindfinegoodsicklargesmalllongshortroundoldnewcoolhotredbluewhitegreenChineseEnglishJapaneseAmericaironstonesilkchemicalmedicalGrammar：形容詞的位置巧記順口溜：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。形容詞的句法功能Worse?still,?we?got?lost?in?the?dark.?Purpleistheincolourthisspring.找出下列句中形容詞并說明其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諩verything?useful?in?the?house?was?taken?away?by?him?by?force.?Shebeatthepoorboyblackandblue.Hewalkedinthewind,lonelyandhungry.Wordsareplentifulbutdeedsareprecious.adj做表語，位于系動詞之后adj做前置定語adj做后置定語adj做賓語補(bǔ)足語adj做狀語adj做獨(dú)立成分表示人/事物的特征be動詞感官動詞：look,smell,taste,sound,feel.3.表變化：become,grow,get,go,turn.4.表保持延續(xù)：keep,remain,stay.5.其他：fall,appear,seem,prove.get

sb.interested

makesb.happykeepsb.separate

considersth.truefindsb.unhappy

provesth.true注

意

考

點(diǎn)

②形容詞做賓補(bǔ)和狀語1.Wemustkeepthewindows________(open)toletthefreshairin.open2.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem___________(interest)inhislectures.interested③形容詞作狀語adj作狀語對主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)加以說明Strong,?proud?and?united,?the?people?of?Wuhan?are?the?modern?heroes?of?China.thepeopleofWuhan注

意

考

點(diǎn)①形容詞后置：表語形容詞如alive,alone,awake,asleep等放在名詞之后；形容詞修飾something等不定代詞和表示尺寸、距離時(shí)，也后置。Those?alive?should?memorize?the?dead?forever.

****既可前置又可后置的形容詞；做前置定語和后置定語意義不同thepeoplepresent

thepresenttime

thepeopleinvolved

aninvolvedsentence

allpartyconcerned

aconcernedlook

在場的目前的；現(xiàn)在的卷入/涉及的復(fù)雜的有關(guān)的擔(dān)憂的構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級一般加-er和-eststrongstrongerstrongest以字母e結(jié)尾只加-r，-stlatelaterlatest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫這一輔音字母后再加-er，-estgladhotthingladderhotterthinnergladdesthottestthinnest3.1規(guī)則變化

Grammar：形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕，再加-er，-estangrymerryuglyearlyangriermerrieruglierearlierangriestmerriestugliestearliest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在詞前加more或mostenthusiasticmoreenthusiasticmostenthusiasticGrammar：形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-er，-estgraygrayergrayest有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)以及以-er以及-le結(jié)尾的詞，有兩種形式commoncleversimplecommoner/morecommon;cleverer/moreclever;simpler/moresimplecommonest/mostcommon;cleverest/mostclever;simplest/mostsimpleGrammar：形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級“劣等”比較，在adj

原型前加less/leastkindusefullesskindlessusefulleastkindleastuseful復(fù)合式形容詞比較等級well-knownbetter-knownbest-knownGrammar：形容詞的比較級和最高級3.2不規(guī)則變化

Grammar：形容詞的比較級和最高級原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastmuch/manymoremostGrammar：形容詞的比較級和最高級原級比較級最高級farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlatelaterlatest①older,oldest指時(shí)間、年齡、年代的長短，既可指人，又可指物。②elder,eldest指家庭成員的長幼順序。--------------------------------------------------------------①farther,farthest表示距離的遠(yuǎn)②further,

furthest表示程度含形容詞比較級的習(xí)語moreorless

或多或少soonerorlater遲早muchless/stillless更不必說morethanonce/often不止一次oncemore/onceagain再一遍morethan超過；非常；不僅僅Theworkismoreorlessfinished.Morethanonepersonwaskilledinthataccident.Grammar：含形容詞比較詞、最高級的習(xí)語含形容詞最高級的習(xí)語at(the)latest最遲at(the)most

最多，不超過atleast至少atbest充其量doone’sbest盡力forthemostpart