2021-2022學(xué)年山西省運城市高二上學(xué)期期末英語試題考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分（聽力計入總分），考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。4.本卷命題范圍：外研版選擇性必修第二冊。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Tennis.B.Tom.C.Homework.2.Whatdidthewomanorderyesterday?A.Somepaper.B.Aprinter.C.Forms.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Takingphotos.B.Drawingapicture.C.Encouragingthewoman.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanwillmeetmanypeople.B.Themanplanstobuysomefood.C.Themanwillhavetocleanthehouse.5.Whatwillthewomando?A.Makeaphonecall.B.ChecktheATM.C.Gotothebank.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthemansweatingsomuch?A.Heissick.B.Hehasrunfast.C.Hehaspractiseddancing.7.Whatdoesthemanlikemost?A.Ballet.B.Thestreetdance.C.Latindance.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howdoesthemanthinkaboutthesmell?A.Usual.B.Bad.C.Great.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Buysomedrinks.B.TasteaSwissrollfirst.C.Bakesomecookiesathome.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatmaythewomanbe?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Ashopper.11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanoftensuffersfrom?A.Aflu.B.Astomachache.C.Apsychologicalillness.12.Howdoesthemanusuallyspendhisholidays?A.Takingexerciseregularly.B.Doingsomeshopping.C.Gettingalotofrest.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inastreet.B.Inapoliceoffice.C.Inastudio.14.HowlonghasMr.Smithbeenapoliceofficer?A.Twodecades.B.Twoandahalfdecades.C.Threedecades.15.WhatisMr.Smith'scurrenttask?A.Undercoverwork.B.Investigationwork.C.Detectivework.16.WhatdoesMr.Smithagreewith?A.Manypoliceofficersneverfeelfrightened.B.Beingapoliceofficerisverystressful.C.Beingatrafficpoliceofficerisverysafe.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhenwilltheWinterCarnivalstart?A.OnJanuary10.B.OnJanuary12.C.OnFebruary12.18.Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeir10-year-oldsonpayforthetickets?A.$10.B.$20.C.$30.19.Wherewilltheflowershowbe?A.Besidetheentrance.B.Nexttothefoodshops.C.Inthecenterofthesite.20.Howmanyareaswillbeforamusementrides?A.2.B.4.C.30.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAlthoughattendingcollegeisn'talreadyexpensiveenough,thecostoftextbookshasbeenrisinggreatlyinrecentyears.Textbooksaresomethingstudentscan'tavoid,butthankfullyanumberofcompanieshavesteppedupwithoptionstomakethemmoreaffordable.AmazonLet'sbehonest:Whatcan'tyoubuyonAmazon?Throughtheonlinemarketplace,youcanbuy,sellandrenttextbooksande-books.Notonlyarethepricesgenerallywellbelowthoseatyourcollegebookstore,butwithAmazonPrimeShipping,theycanarriveonyourdoorstepinjusttwodayswithone-weekfreereturns.AbeBooksAbeBookshasmorethanjusttextbooks.Ithasawidevarietyoffineartrarebooksandspecialeditions.Thousandsofindependentbooksellerslisttheirtextbooksforsaleonabebooks.com.Thesitehasnewandusedtextbooks,academicjournals,classicliterature,referencebooksandeveninternationaleditions.Anybookpriced$15orabovehasfreeshippingpolicy.ValoreBooksValoreBooksoffersdeepdiscountsonmillionsoftitles,withatwo-weekfreereturnshippinganda30-daymoney-backguarantee.Thesitegivesstudentstheabilitytobuyorrenttextbooksfromover18,000sellersandrentalproviders.Plus,whenyou'redonewiththebook,youcansellitrightbackthroughvalorebooks.com,makingtheprocessaseasyaspossible.eCampusThrougheCampus.com,studentscanbuy,rentandselltextbooksande-books.Youcanenjoyfreeshippingonordersover$35,plusa25-dayfreereturnpolicy.Andthesiterunsanongoingpromotionwhereyoucansaveanadditional$5onyourorderbytextingthewordBOOKSto87955.1.WhatisthetimerangeoffreereturnshippingonAmazon?A.7days. B.14days. C.21days. D.25days.2.Whichwebsitecanyouchoosetosellthebookbackwhenyoufinishit?A.A. B.A.C.V. D.eC.3.HowcanyouenjoyfreeshippingonyourorderateCampus.com?A.Byrunningapromotion. B.Bysellingmoree-books.C.Bytexting"BOOKS"to87955. D.Byspendingmorethan$35.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個可以便宜購買教科書的網(wǎng)站的情況。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Amazon部分中“butwithAmazonPrimeShipping,theycanarriveonyourdoorstepinjusttwodayswithone-weekfreereturns.(但是通過AmazonPrimeShipping郵購的書兩天之內(nèi)就可到達，附加一周的免費退貨時間)”可知，在Amazon上購物免費退貨時間是7天。故選A。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ValoreBooks部分中“Plus,whenyou'redonewiththebook,youcansellitrightbackthroughvalorebooks.com(當(dāng)你讀完一本書時，你能通過valorebooks.Com將書賣回)”可知，你能通過valorebooks.Com將書賣回，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)eCampus部分中“Youcanenjoyfreeshippingonordersover$35(花費在$35以上可以享受免費郵寄)”可知，花費在$35以上可以享受免費郵寄。故選D。BEugeneO'Neill,whowasbornin1888,inNewYork,wasaleadingAmericandramawriterandthewinneroftheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1936.Hisfatherwasasuccessfultouringactor.Becauseofthat,Eugenespenthisearlychildhoodinhotels,ontrains,andbackstage.Althoughlaterinhislifehegrewtohatehisfatherfornotgivinghimsecurityinhisearlyyearsandalovingandcomfortablefamily,hehadthetheaterinhisbloodAsastudent.O'Neillwenttoboardingschoolsbutspentthesummersinamoderatehousehisfamilyowned.HeleftPrincetonO'Neilldidn'tcutafigureinplaywritinguntilthesummerof1916,whenhewasinapeacefulvillageofProvincetown.Massachusetts,wheresomeyoungwritersandartistshadfoundedanexperimentaltheaterBeforethat,hehadwrittenawkwardmelodramasTheatercriticsspokehighlyofBeyondtheHorizonforitstragicrealism.TheplaybroughtO'Neillmorepublicattention,aswellashisfirstPulitzerPrize,apartfromwhichhewonanotherthreeforAmnaChristie,StrangeInterlude,andLongDay'sJourneyIntoNight.Overthenexttwodecades.O'Neillcontinuedtogainreputationnationallyandglobally.HebecamethemostwidelytranslatedandproduceddramatistafterShakespeareandBernardShaw.4.WhatmightinspireO'Neill'spassionfortheater?A.Hisfather'scareer. B.Thesupportofhisfamily.C.Hotelroomshehadlivedin D.Storieshehadheardontrains.5.WhydidO'NeilldropoutofPrincetonA.Hedidn'twanttostudyinaboardingschool.B.Hewantedtoreceiverealeducationfromlife.C.HegotajobfromtheNeeLondonTelegraphD.Hewasunsatisfiedwiththequalityofuniversityeducation.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"cutafigure"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Showinterest. B.Holdadegree. C.Attractattention. D.Receiveanaward.7.WhatcanwelearnaboutO'Neill'sBeyondtheHorizon?A.ItenhancedhisreputationinthefieldoftheaterB.Itdrewtheatercritics'attentiontotragicrealism,C.Itinspiredhimtocomposeanotherthreedramas.D.Itmadehimthemostwidelytranslatedandproduceddramatist【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了著名戲劇家O'Neill生平經(jīng)歷和成就?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Hisfatherwasasuccessfultouringactor.Becauseofthat,Eugenespenthisearlychildhoodinhotels,ontrains,andbackstage.”（他的父親是一個成功的巡回演員。因為那個，他在賓館、火車以及后臺度過了他的童年）可知，是他父親的職業(yè)激發(fā)了他對戲劇的熱情，故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“HeleftPrincetonUniversityin1907,onlyaboutoneyearafterheenteredit,tostartwhathelatercalledhisrealeducationin"lifeexperience".”（在他入學(xué)約一年后，他于1907年離開了普林斯頓大學(xué)，去開始他后來視為從“生活經(jīng)驗”中的真正教育）可知。他是為了從生活中獲得真正的教育，故選B?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段第三句“WhileO'Neillwasonlyoneofthosewhoseplayswereproducedbythetheater,heledthegrouptosuccessbecauseofhiscontributionwithinthenextfewyears.Between1916and1920,thetheaterproducedallofO'Neill'sone-actseaplays.”（盡管O'Neill只是唯一使用劇院創(chuàng)作的劇本的演員，因為他后面幾年的貢獻，他帶領(lǐng)這個團隊取得了成功。）可知，他開始取得成功和關(guān)注，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“TheplaybroughtO'Neillmorepublicattention,aswellashisfirstPulitzerPrize”（這部戲劇讓O'Neill受到公眾的更多關(guān)注，以及他的第一個普利策獎）可知，他的名氣得到進一步提升，即這部戲劇鞏固了他在戲劇領(lǐng)域的名氣,故選A。CTechnologically,the20-yearjumpfrom2015to2035willbehuge.Backin1995wewereintheearlydaysoftheInternet,weworkedinsmallroomsandourcomputerswereheavyandpoweredbyWindows95.TherewerenotouchscreenphonesorflatscreenTVs;peoplelaughedattheideaofreadingelectronicbooks.So,whatwillourworldreallybelikein2035?Whatwillthefuturejobsandtechnologybelike?Theworldin2035willprobablybemuchlikeitistoday,butsmarterandmoreautomatic.Wecanseethefutureofourworkfirst.Taxidriverswillbereplacedbyself-drivingUbercarsandreceptionistswillbereplacedbyrobots.Doctorscanusevastmedicaldatabasesandtravelagentswillbewipedoutbytrip-planning,flight-bookingwebservices.EvenwritersarethreatenedbycompaniessuchasNarrativeScience,whichcurrentlyusesAItocreatesportsreportsandfinancialupdates.Obviously,therewillalsobenewjobscreated:thecomputerengineerwhofixestheself-drivingUbertaxis,programmers,spacetourguidesandvertical(垂直的)farmers.Technologywillcontinuetodisrupt(擾亂)businessesandgetridofjobs,creatingnewprofessionswecan’tyetenvisagenow.Thoseofuswhoworkprobablywon’tdosoinatraditionalofficeeither.We’realreadyseeingashiftinthedefinitionofwork.It’snowataskyouperform,notaplaceyougoto.Productivityisnolongermeasuredbysittingatadesk.There’snoninetofive.Nojobforlife.Thebiggestadvantageofworkingfromhomeisthatyousavealotoftimecommutingbackandforthtowork.Youcanspendextratimewithyourchildrenorspouseandreadthenewspaperinsteadofsittingintraffic.Ofcourse,advancedtechnologywillensurethatmostofuscanworkfromhome.8.What’sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph2?A.Leadinginthetopicofthearticle. B.Raisingthethinkingofthereaders.C.Introducingtheworkofthefuture. D.Inspiringreaderstoexplorethefuture.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“envisage”inparagraph4mean?A.Assess. B.Ignore. C.Imagine. D.Reject.10.Wherewillmostpeopleworkinthefuture?A.Intheoffice. B.Atthehotel. C.Intheopenair. D.Athome.11.Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Thefuturehealth. B.Thefuturetechnology. C.Thefuturemarriage. D.Thefuturetransportation.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在未來的工作是什么樣子?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Wecanseethefutureofourworkfirst.”(我們可以先看看我們工作的未來。)可知，文章接下來主要是講在未來的工作是什么樣子，所以第二段里的問題的功能是引導(dǎo)文章主題。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“creatingnewprofessions”(創(chuàng)造新的職業(yè))可知，此處是指未來會有我們現(xiàn)在無法想象的新的職業(yè)創(chuàng)造出來，所以envisage意為“想象”。故選C。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Thoseofuswhoworkprobablywon’tdosoinatraditionalofficeeither.”(我們這些工作的人可能也不會在傳統(tǒng)的辦公室里做這些。)和第三句“It’snowataskyouperform,notaplaceyougoto.”(它現(xiàn)在是你執(zhí)行的任務(wù)，而不是你去的地方。)以及最后一段最后一句“Ofcourse,advancedtechnologywillensurethatmostofuscanworkfromhome.”(當(dāng)然，先進的技術(shù)將確保我們大多數(shù)人可以在家工作。)可知，未來大多數(shù)人會在家工作。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Ofcourse,advancedtechnologywillensurethatmostofuscanworkfromhome.”(當(dāng)然，先進的技術(shù)將確保我們大多數(shù)人可以在家工作。)可知，文章接下來要討論的是未來的技術(shù)。故選B。DExamplesofeffectiveconservationofplacesmattertotheworld.Theyrangefromthe1960sNubiancampaigntosafeguardAncientEgyptianmonumentsfromthewatersoftheAswanDamtotheremovalin2018oftheBelizeBarrierReeffromtheListofWorldHeritageinDanger.ConservationisthecorepurposeoftheWorldHeritageConventionanditmayalsobeitsbiggestchallenge.Thefollowingexampleshowshowsuccessesatspecificsitesnowserveasmodelsforconservationandsustainable(可持續(xù)性)development.AyearafterViennawasincludedontheWorldHeritageListin2001,theWorldHeritageCommittee(WHC)expressedconcernsaboutthearchitecturalsolutionsandheightoffourplannedtowersoftheWien-Mitteproject.Thisdevelopmentproject,closetotheHistoricCentreofViennainthesite’sbufferzone,theonethatliesbetweentwoormoreotherareas,affectedtheurbanscale(規(guī)模)andvisualeffectsinandaroundtheproperty(地產(chǎn)).AsaresultoftheCommittee’sconcerns,ViennachangeditsbuildingcodesandlaunchedanewdesigncompetitionfortheWien-MitteprojecttoworkoutarchitecturalplanswithreducedsizeinkeepingwithWorldHeritageprotection.Thesuccessfulpracticeinspiredthegovernmentofthecitytoinviteover600expertsandprofessionalsfrom55countriestoaninternationalconferenceonWorldHeritageandcontemporaryarchitecture,heldinViennainMay2005.Theglobaldiscussionthatfollowed,detailinganapproachtomanagingconservationanddevelopment,wasrecordedintheUNESCORecommendationin2011.TheRecommendationputforwardsanall-roundedandcombinedapproachtobalancingurbanheritage(遺產(chǎn))conservationandeconomicdevelopment,arguingthatactiveprotectionandmanagementofurbanheritagesupportsthegoalofsustainabledevelopment.TheRecommendationsupportstheharmoniouscombinationofcontemporaryinvolvementintothehistoricurbanframeworkwhileholdingontovalueslinkedtohistory,memoryandtheenvironment.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheBelizeBarrierReefinParagraph1?A.Toexplainthegoaloftheorganization.B.Toencouragethepublictoprotecttheworld.C.Toshowthepositiveeffectofconservation.D.Toremindpeopleoftheenvironmentalproblems.13.WhywasWHCworriedabouttheWien-Mitteproject?A.Ittookuptoomuchpubliclandofthecity.B.IthadabadeffectontheHistoricCentreofVienna.C.Itsoriginaldesignswerenotenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itsarchitecturalsolutionscouldn’tmeetsafetystandards.14Whatdidtheglobaldiscussionfocuson?A.Thewaystocombineconservationanddevelopment.B.ThecreationofthenewUNESCORecommendation.C.Theinternationalurbanmanagementanddevelopment.D.ThestylesofthecontemporaryarchitectureofVienna.15.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toexaminethechallengesfacedbyglobalurbanplanners.B.Tointroducealternativewaysofprotectingtheenvironment.C.Tostresstheimportanceofthevalueofhistoryandmemory.D.Topromoteactiveconservationandsustainabledevelopment.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了幾個遺產(chǎn)保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展相結(jié)合的成功案例，目的是促進積極的遺產(chǎn)保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Examplesofeffectiveconservationofplacesmattertotheworld.”可知，有效保護世界遺產(chǎn)的例子對世界很重要，緊接著提到伯利茲大堡礁就是為了證明這一點，由此可知作者在第一段提到伯利茲大堡礁就是為了展示遺產(chǎn)保護的積極作用，故C項正確。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisdevelopmentproject,closetotheHistoricCentreofViennainthesite’sbufferzone,theonethatliesbetweentwoormoreotherareas,affectedtheurbanscale(規(guī)模)andvisualeffectsinandaroundtheproperty(地產(chǎn)).”可知，該開發(fā)項目靠近位于場地緩沖區(qū)的維也納歷史中心，位于兩個或多個其他區(qū)域之間，影響了場地內(nèi)和周圍的城市規(guī)模和視覺效果，由此可知，世界遺產(chǎn)委員會擔(dān)心Wien-Mitte項目是因為它對維也納的歷史中心產(chǎn)生了不良影響，故B項正確?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theglobaldiscussionthatfollowed,detailinganapproachtomanagingconservationanddevelopment”可知，全球討論的焦點是把遺產(chǎn)保護和發(fā)展結(jié)合起來的方法，故A項正確?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefollowingexampleshowshowsuccessesatspecificsitesnowserveasmodelsforconservationandsustainable(可持續(xù)性)development.”可知，文章主要介紹了幾個遺產(chǎn)保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展相結(jié)合的成功案例，由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是促進積極的遺產(chǎn)保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，故D項正確?！军c睛】涉及到目的意圖的推理判斷題難度較大，抓住文章主題是關(guān)鍵，例如本篇第4題，根據(jù)第二段中的“Thefollowingexampleshowshowsuccessesatspecificsitesnowserveasmodelsforconservationandsustainable(可持續(xù)性)development.”可知，文章主要介紹的是幾個遺產(chǎn)保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展相結(jié)合的成功案例，由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是促進積極的遺產(chǎn)保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，故D項正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Thereisamyththatpeoplecanseeglass,butbirdscan’t.____16____Manypeopleareinjuredeveryyear.Theycollidewithunmarkeddoorsandwindows;embarrassmentistheusualresult.____17____Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandhigh-speedflight,theyareusuallykilledorreceiveinjuriesthatwilllikelykillthem.Birdscanlearntoavoidglass.Forexample,birdsinzooexhibitslearntoavoidexhibitwallsiftheglassismarkedforthefirstfewdaysoftheirresidence.____18____Butoverall,birdsdon’tseemtobeabletogeneralizecluesthatwindowsarepresent,andfrequentlydon’tsurvivethefirstimpact.Birdshitglassbecauseitpresentsatriplethreat.Oneisthatreflectionsofvegetationorlandscapeattractbirdstocollidewithglass.____19____Besides,glasscornersornarrowpassagescanallowbirdstoseethroughtohabitatontheothersideofabuilding,andtheydietryingtoflythrough.Asresearchershavebeguntounderstandcollisions,theyarecreatingbetterapproachestoreduceimpactsonbirds.Forexample,somehavedocumentedmortality(死亡)patternsandhowtheyareinfluencedbylighting,theamountofglasspresent,thedistributionofnearbyvegetation,andothervariables.____20____Thissciencehascomealongway,butmanyquestionsremainunanswered.Oureffortsonthetestingofbird-friendlymaterialsarehelpingtoexpandunderstandingofhowbirdssecandrespondtotheirenvironment,andwillleadtomoreeffectivesolutions.A.Infact,neitherbirdsnorpeoplecanseeglass.B.Wildbirdscanlearnaboutspecificpiecesofglass.C.EachyearuptoonebillionbirdshitglassintheU.S.alone.D.Thereforeglasscanbetheinvisiblekillerofbirdsinparticular.E.Soarchitectsandotherprofessionalscandesigninnovativebird-watchingbuildings.F.Othershavelookedatthetypeofstructuretoidentifywhichposesthemostrisk.G.Greenhabitatinsidebuildingswithsee-throughglasscanalsotrickbirdstotheirdeath.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了鳥類看不見玻璃，會撞上玻璃而受傷或死去，科學(xué)家對此進行了研究，以期能避免這種情況。【16題詳解】下文“Manypeopleareinjuredeveryyear.Theycollidewithunmarkeddoorsandwindows”（每年都有很多人受傷。他們與沒有標(biāo)記的門窗相撞）和“Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandhigh-speedflight,theyareusuallykilledorreceiveinjuriesthatwilllikelykillthem.”（由于它們的體型小且飛行速度快，它們通常會被殺死或受到可能會導(dǎo)致它們死亡的傷害）說明人和鳥都會撞上玻璃而受傷，由此可知，人和鳥都看不見玻璃，與選項A.Infact,neitherbirdsnorpeoplecanseeglass.（事實上，鳥類和人都看不到玻璃）相一致。故選A?！?7題詳解】下文“Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandhigh-speedflight,theyareusuallykilledorreceiveinjuriesthatwilllikelykillthem.”（由于它們的體型小且飛行速度快，它們通常會被殺死或受到可能會導(dǎo)致它們死亡的傷害）說明鳥看不見玻璃，會撞上玻璃而受傷，與選項C.EachyearuptoonebillionbirdshitglassintheU.S.alone.（僅在美國，每年就有多達10億只鳥撞上玻璃）相一致。故選C。【18題詳解】上文“Birdscanlearntoavoidglass.”（鳥類可以學(xué)會避開玻璃）說明鳥可以通過學(xué)習(xí)避開玻璃，與選項B.Wildbirdscanlearnaboutspecificpiecesofglass.（野生鳥類可以了解特定的玻璃碎片）相一致。故選B?！?9題詳解】上文“Oneisthatreflectionsofvegetationorlandscapeattractbirdstocollidewithglass.”（一是植被或景觀的反射吸引鳥類與玻璃碰撞）說明鳥類與玻璃相撞是被一些東西吸引，與選項G.Greenhabitatinsidebuildingswithsee-throughglasscanalsotrickbirdstotheirdeath.（帶有透明玻璃的建筑物內(nèi)的綠色棲息地也可以誘使鳥類死亡）相一致，上下文話題一致。故選G?！?0題詳解】上文“Forexample,somehavedocumentedmortality(死亡)patternsandhowtheyareinfluencedbylighting,theamountofglasspresent,thedistributionofnearbyvegetation,andothervariables.”（例如，有些人記錄了死亡率模式以及它們?nèi)绾问芄庹?、存在的玻璃量、附近植被的分布和其他變量的影響）說明一些科學(xué)家進行了這樣的研究，選項F.Othershavelookedatthetypeofstructuretoidentifywhichposesthemostrisk.（其他人則研究了結(jié)構(gòu)類型，以確定哪種結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)險最大）說其他科學(xué)家進行了另外的研究，上下文話題一致。故選F。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。InJanuary2018,Iwascommuting(通勤)fromBrooklyntoNewJersey.Ihavetwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,soaquiettrainridefeltlikeamini___21___.YetIfoundmyselfspendingthat___22___timescrollingthroughmysocialmediafeeds.Oneday,I___23___myphoneandstartedwritingthank-younotestopeoplewhohad___24___toafundIhadorganized.WhenIgotoffthetrainthatday,Iwasinanoticeablybetter___25___.Thenextday,Iwrotemorethank-yous—andfeltthesame.WhenIfinishedwritingthenotes,I___26___themup.Therewere31—oneforeverydayoftheyearsofar.Something___27___.WhatifIkeptitup?Idecidedtowriteonethank-younoteforeverydayofthatyear.IhadnoshortageofpeopleIwas___28___for.SoIpickedoutadifferent___29___foreachmonth.Januarywascharity—and,thankfully,Ihadalreadycompletedthat___30___.Februarywouldbe___31___toneighbors,andIthoughtofadozennamesrightaway.Irememberedwhentheownersofourlocalbookstoreletmeandmyfive-year-oldson,Henry,inbeforethestoreopened.I___32___whenour14-year-oldbabysitter___33___abagofoldboardgamesforourkidstoplay.Writingthenoteswasn’tallthat___34___:Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong,takingjustafewminutesto___35___.IfocusedonthepersonIwaswritingtoandwhatIwantedtosay,andthewordscamefairlyeasily.Thatfocusfelt___36___.Itwasgoodformybrain,whichhadbeentrainedto___37___fromthisfeedtothate-mail.Whilewritingthenotes,Ieventuallyrealizedwhythistaskwastheperfectantidote(解藥)tomysocial___38___.WhatwasIactuallydoingwhenIscrolledthroughFacebook?Moreoftenthannot,Iwas___39___otherpeople’slives—theirbeachvacations,theirorganizedkitchens.Writingthank-younoteswasanactofnoticingand___40___myownlife.21.A.trip B.adventure C.vacation D.celebration22.A.lonely B.precious C.boring D.tiring23.A.pickedup B.broughtout C.putup D.putdown24.A.contributed B.offered C.led D.expanded25.A.mood B.situation C.position D.harmony26.A.folded B.arranged C.piled D.counted27.A.happened B.clicked C.appeared D.presented28.A.thoughtful B.awful C.grateful D.respectful29.A.theme B.topic C.object D.range30.A.cause B.assignment C.goal D.contract31.A.written B.provided C.celebrated D.devoted32.A.reminded B.recalled C.recognized D.reflected33.A.droppedoff B.tookoff C.setoff D.putoff34A.tiring B.boring C.breath-taking D.time-consuming35A.form B.compose C.accumulate D.type36.A.exhausting B.desperate C.refreshing D.independent37.A.work B.lock C.fasten D.wander38.A.feeds B.media C.activities D.participations39.A.observing B.admiring C.following D.sharing40.A.lengthening B.purifying C.honoring D.varying【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.B36.C37.D38.A39.B40.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在一次坐火車通勤時，選擇放下手機，開始給那些給她組織的基金捐款的人寫感謝信。下車之后，她的心情明顯好了很多。之后她決定那一年的每天都寫一封感謝信，并且每一個月都有不同的主題。在這個過程中，她學(xué)會了關(guān)注和欣賞自己的生活?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我有兩個小孩，生意又很忙，所以一次安靜的火車旅行感覺就像一個迷你假期。A.trip旅程；B.adventure冒險；C.vacation假期；D.celebration慶典。根據(jù)前文“Ihavetwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,”可知作者有兩個孩子要養(yǎng)，生意也很忙，所以一次安靜的火車旅行對于作者來說就像一個短暫的假期，讓她暫時擺脫繁忙的生活。故選C項。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己把寶貴的時間花在了刷社交媒體的信息上。A.lonely孤獨的；B.precious珍貴的；C.boring無聊的；D.tiring累人的。根據(jù)前文“Ihavetwolittlekidsandabusybusiness,soaquiettrainridefeltlikeamini___1___.”可知在火車上的這段時間對于生活繁忙的作者來說就像是一個迷你假期，這段時間對于作者來說自然是珍貴的。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：有一天，我放下手機，開始給那些為我組織的基金捐款的人寫感謝信。A.pickedup撿起；B.broughtout出版；生產(chǎn)；C.putup舉起，張貼；D.putdown放下。根據(jù)后文“startedwritingthank-younotestopeople”可知作者開始寫感謝信，這說明她沒有玩手機，把手機放下了。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我放下手機，開始給那些為我組織的基金捐款的人寫感謝信。A.contributed為……做貢獻；捐助；B.offered提供；C.led帶領(lǐng)；D.expanded擴展。根據(jù)“startedwritingthank-younotestopeople”可知作者給一些人寫感謝信，根據(jù)“toafundIhadorganized.”可知作者創(chuàng)辦了一個基金，結(jié)合上下文推知這些人給作者的基金捐款了，作者因此給他們寫感謝信。故選A項。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天下火車時，我的心情明顯好了許多。A.mood心境；情緒；B.situation情況；C.position位置；D.harmony協(xié)調(diào)；融洽。作者下火車后，心情好了很多。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：寫完感謝信之后，我數(shù)了數(shù)它們的數(shù)量。A.folded折疊；B.arranged管理；安排；C.piled堆房；D.counted計算；數(shù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后文“Therewere31”可知作者寫了31封感謝信，說明作者數(shù)了數(shù)她寫了多少感謝信。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然想到。如果我繼續(xù)這樣做呢?A.happened發(fā)生；B.clicked豁然開朗；突然想到；C.appeared出現(xiàn)；D.presented呈現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文“WhatifIkeptitup?”可知作者突然有了一個想法：如果她繼續(xù)寫感謝信會怎么樣呢？故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我并不缺少讓我感激的人。A.thoughtful深思的；體貼的；B.awful可怕的；C.grateful感激的；D.respectful有禮貌的；恭敬的。根據(jù)前文“Idecidedtowriteonethank-younoteforeverydayofthatyear.”可知作者決定那一年每天都寫一封感謝信，感謝信的對象肯定是作者所感激的人，所以這里要表達的是“我并不缺少讓我感激的人”。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我每個月都會選擇不同的主題。A.theme主題；B.topic話題；C.object目標(biāo)；物體；D.range范圍。根據(jù)后文“Januarywascharity—”可知一月的主題是慈善，也就是說每個月份作者會定下一個主題。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一月份的主題是慈善——幸運地，我已經(jīng)完成了這個目標(biāo)。A.cause原因；B.assignment作業(yè)；任務(wù)；C.goal目標(biāo)；D.contract合同；契約。根據(jù)“Januarywascharity”可知作者一月份寫感謝信的主題是慈善，結(jié)合前文“WhenIfinishedwritingthenotes,I___6___themup.Therewere31—”可知作者已經(jīng)寫了31感謝信給那些為她基金捐款的人，這正好和一月主題-慈善-相符，也就是說作者已經(jīng)完成了一月份每天寫一封感謝信，主題是慈善的這個目標(biāo)。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：二月是獻給鄰居的，并且我馬上想到了十幾個名字。A.written寫；B.provided提供；C.celebrated慶祝；D.devoted奉獻，致力于。根據(jù)后文“Irememberedwhentheownersofourlocalbookstore…”可知作者在一段回憶了她和鄰居比如當(dāng)?shù)貢昀习逯g的事，這說明二月份是用來寫感謝信給鄰居的。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我回想起我們14歲的保姆放下了一袋舊棋盤游戲給我們孩子玩的時候。A.reminded提醒；B.recalled回想起；C.recognized認識；承認；D.reflected反思；反映。根據(jù)“Irememberedwhen…”可知在這一段中，作者回想了她與鄰居之間的故事，所以這里作者回想起（recalled）她家14歲的保姆曾經(jīng)做過的事。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：我回想起我們14歲的保姆放下了一袋舊棋盤游戲給我們孩子玩的時候。A.droppedoff丟下；B.tookoff起飛；突然成功；C.setoff出發(fā)；引起；D.putoff推遲；拖延。根據(jù)“abagofoldboardgamesforourkidstoplay”可知這個14歲的小保姆放下一袋子舊棋盤游戲給作者的孩子玩。故選A項。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：寫感謝信并不那么費時間：每封信都只有兩三句話，只需要幾分鐘就可以完成。A.tiring累人的；B.boring無聊的；C.breath-taking激動人心的；令人驚訝的；D.time-consuming費時的。根據(jù)后文“Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong,takingjustafewminutes”可知每封感謝信只有兩三句話，花幾分鐘就可以完成，所以寫感謝信并不是那么費時間。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：寫感謝信并不那么費時間：每封信都只有兩三句話，只需要幾分鐘就可以完成。A.form形成；組成；B.compose創(chuàng)作，寫（信，詩或演講稿）；C.accumulate積累；累計；D.type打字。根據(jù)Eachwastwoorthreesentenceslong,takingjustafewminutes”可知每封感謝信只有兩三句話，所以花幾分鐘就可以寫完。故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這種專注讓人耳目一新。A.exhausting讓人精疲力竭的；B.desperate拼命的；渴望的；C.refreshing使人耳目一新的；D.independent獨立的。根據(jù)前文“IfocusedonthepersonIwaswritingtoandwhatIwantedtosay,andthewordscamefairlyeasily”可知作者把注意力集中在她寫信的對象和她想說的話上，字句脫口而出。這種體驗對于作者來說是令人耳目一新的。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這對我的大腦是有好處的，（之前）我的大腦已經(jīng)被訓(xùn)練的能從這個信息走神到那封郵件。A.work工作；B.lock鎖上；C.fasten扎牢；D.wander走神；開小差。根據(jù)“fromthisfeedtothate-mail”可知作者之前容易思緒飄蕩，一會關(guān)注社交媒體上的消息，一會又關(guān)注郵件，故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在寫感謝信的時候，我終于意識到為什么這個任務(wù)是我社交信息的完美解毒劑。A.feeds（博客，社交網(wǎng)站，新聞網(wǎng)站等）的信息推送；B.media媒體；C.activities活動；D.participations參與。根據(jù)前文“myselfspendingthat___2___timescrollingthroughmysocialmediafeeds”可知作者把時間浪費在社交媒體信息上，這里是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，指“社交媒體上的推送信息”，故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我常常