2025年高考英語(yǔ)二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練專題14完形

填空說(shuō)明文含答案專題14完形填空說(shuō)明文

目錄

題型綜述........................................................................2

解題攻略........................................................................2

題型01利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題.........................................................2

題型02利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題

題型03利用邏輯關(guān)系解題.........................................................4

題型04利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題...................................................5

高考練場(chǎng)

?題型簡(jiǎn)介

說(shuō)明文是高考英語(yǔ)完形填空中的一種并不常考文體，其主要功能是介紹、解釋或說(shuō)明事物的特征、本

質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理等。與記敘文相比，說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言更加簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確，通常采用客觀

描述。文章主題明確，層次分明，作者通常在文章開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)明說(shuō)明對(duì)象。

?命題類型

>詞匯選擇題：主要考查名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。

>邏輯關(guān)系題：考查考生對(duì)文章邏輯關(guān)系的理解，需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。

>語(yǔ)境理解題：要求考生在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇最合適的詞匯。

?解題思路

?抓住首句，明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象：首句通常不設(shè)空，提供了文章的主題或說(shuō)明對(duì)象，幫助考生快速把握文

章的大意。

?理清段落關(guān)系：通讀全文，明確作者是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明的，概括

每一段的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，理清各段之間的關(guān)系。

?弄清說(shuō)明順序，把握文章脈絡(luò)：作者在說(shuō)明過(guò)程中會(huì)選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序（如時(shí)間順序、空間順

序、邏輯順序等），把握這些順序有助于理解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。

?關(guān)注語(yǔ)境和邏輯：在選擇答案時(shí)，要結(jié)合上下文的語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系，確保所選詞匯使文章意思通

順、邏輯合理。

?先易后難，逐步推進(jìn)：先解決那些容易判斷的空格，再逐步處理較難的題目，避免在難題上耗費(fèi)過(guò)

多時(shí)間。

02

技巧一：利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題

【題型詮釋】

復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語(yǔ)義銜接手段,它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根

詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起因此,考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理

解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境利用文章中的語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)來(lái)選擇正確的答案。它包括：1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；2.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；3.反

義復(fù)現(xiàn)；4.代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

提分秘籍

Fin

該類題是完形填空中比較簡(jiǎn)單的，也是送分題。要仔細(xì)閱讀，但是這些詞可能隱藏的比較深；上文

可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相P券麗，因此要注意集中尋找這些暗示

信息。

典例剖析

［示例］Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthe

stageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis_41—processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy

42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage（美式手語(yǔ)）.

41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

［示例］Goodmannersatmealtimeshelpyouandthosearoundyoutofeel49.Thisistrueathomeasmuchasit

istrueinsomeoneelse'shomeorinarestaurant.Good50makemealsmoreenjoyableforeveryoneatthetable.

50.A.dishesB.mannersC.atmospheresD.friends

技巧二：利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題

【題型詮釋】

在完形填空中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過(guò)程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要

詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索,可以幫助我們

快速確定某些題目的正確答案。

提分秘籍

考生在解答該類問(wèn)題時(shí),要善于把握與作者的寫作態(tài)度、感悟面笏目關(guān)的詞匯,特別是某些形容

詞、副詞。這類題型主現(xiàn)性較強(qiáng)，心理描寫較多。屬于較難的題目。

典例剖析

［示伊Whenmenarehelduptogetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsof

speakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,

theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.

50.A.pleasingB.annoyingC.commonD.valuable

［示例］…gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.

28.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused

技巧三：利用邏輯關(guān)系解題

【題型詮釋】

在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。從邏輯關(guān)系的高度整體上把握，就會(huì)不

無(wú)驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不縹緲，它就隱藏在句子中、句與

句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過(guò)邏輯關(guān)系的方法，我們可以通過(guò)確切、具體的線索，把答案的邏輯意義推

測(cè)出來(lái)，從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項(xiàng)。這樣做，使得題目的難度大大降低。

提分秘籍

這種邏輯關(guān)系包括：（1）

句中邏輯關(guān)系；（2）句間邏輯關(guān)系：往往通過(guò)車斯、讓步、遹8、因果等明確的邏輯關(guān)系詞來(lái)體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)

然，句子的邏輯關(guān)系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內(nèi)部，它還可以滲透到篇章的層面上,在句與句之間表

典例剖析

［示例］Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriend^homeorinarestaurantthantheyare

atyourownhome?Probablyso,45youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.

45.A.becauseB.butC.unlessD.though

［示伊AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhy

thefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole-suchas

child-centeredlearning,the“discovery“method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils-therehavebeen

severalserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.

55.A.DuetoB.InadditiontoC.InsteadofD.Inspiteof

技巧四：利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題

【題型詮釋】

在句組層次題中,有些題目我們往往也需要通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境暗示來(lái)解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確

答案。完形填空題中雖然也穿插了對(duì)語(yǔ)法、短語(yǔ)和詞的辨析、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查等，但對(duì)文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展

線索的邏輯考查仍是重點(diǎn)。

提分秘籍

□口陶國(guó)

暗示與上下對(duì)應(yīng)的思維方法，是突破此類完形埴空最關(guān)鍵的思維方式?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)要有全局觀

念，進(jìn)行連貫性思維，做題時(shí)要把每個(gè)空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來(lái)理解，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的

推理判斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。

典例剖析

［示例］Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbody

chemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative__47_.ThebookmadeCousinsthink

aboutthepossible_48—ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.

47.A.attitudesB.beliefsC.goalsD.positions

48.A.shortcomingB.harmC.benefitD.interest

［示例］Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55

ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.

55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh

03高考練場(chǎng)

（2022全國(guó)乙卷）

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there?ssomethinghighly

excitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheir

eyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly

“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46

thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwith

anadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.

Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherown

mouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn,t52toher.

Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswere

clear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothe

questionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.^^Theysimply58mutual

（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itis

notaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

（2018年上海高考）

When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon*tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswith

theirdates.1,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.

Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelaying

activitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto2.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChild

Development,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetried

alcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous（急居U的）3inthe

pastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,and

suburbanareas.

Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe4haveslimmedconsiderably.

Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschool

studentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDisease

Controlstatistics,uPeoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,*but

they're5thelargertrend,1'saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lag

surveysofAmericans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless6inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobs

becauseintoday'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.

Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson'snlifestrategy"slowsdownorspeedsup

dependingonhisorher7,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable11environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,

whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe8effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst9,"You'dhave

alotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,andexpect

thattherewillbemore10andfewerresources,"saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoState

UniversitywhoistheauthorofniGen：WhyToday'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLessRebellious,

MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood.1'

Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore11aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingfor

paywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources/thestudysaid.But

Americaisshiftingmoretowardthe12model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,

Twengesaid.uEveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn'thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheidea

thatchildrenneedtobecarefully13hasreallysunkin.44The14of41adultactivities"couldnotbeattributed

tomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhourson

homeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s（withtheexceptionof

communityservice,whichhasrisenslightly）.NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe

15,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomfor

creativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.

1.A.ThereforeB.RatherC.MoreoverD.Besides

2.A.childhoodB.neighborhoodC.adolescentsD.adulthood

3.A.escapesB.endsC.decreasesD?changes

4.A.minoritiesB.majoritiesC.massesD.amounts

5.A.takingB.avoidingC.sendingD.missing

6.A.interestedB.enviedC.relievedD.realized

7.A.emotionsB.surroundingsC.customsD.habits

8.A.wrongB.sameC.oppositeD.similar

9.A.eventB.issueC.caseD.occasion

10.A.troubleB.questionsC.benefitsD.diseases

11.A.respectivelyB.delicatelyC.seriouslyD.considerably

12.A.slowerB.betterC.smallerD.faster

13.A.emphasizedB.relatedC.organizedD.educated

14.A.implementB.postponementC.achievementD.payment

15.A.causeB.impactC.factD.result

變式演練

A

（24-25高三上?山東?階段練習(xí)）China9sspaceexplorationhasonceagainachievedagreatsuccess.The

launchoftheShenzhou-19spacecraftwasamemorablemomentforallChinese,markingthebeginningofanew

1_inChina'sspacejourney.

TheLongMarch-2Frocketwastheperfect2forthisimportantmissionwithitsimpressiveappearance

andstabletechnology,andtheastronautsunderwent3training.

Atzeroseconds,witheveryone'shearts4,therocketsoaredintothesky,leavingatrailoffireand

smoke.BackonEarth,peoplewatchedthelaunchonTVand5theastronauts9progressthroughlivebroadcast.

Thesuccessfullaunchandoperationofthespacecraft6China'sabilitytocompetewiththeworld'sleading

spaceagencies.

Duringthemission,theastronautswillhave7taskstoaccomplish.Theywill8scientific

experimentsandprepareforfuturemissions.Theywillalsotaketimetoenjoythebeautiful9ofEarthfrom

space.TheShenzhou-19spacecraftissupposedto10itsmissionaftersixmonthsinspace.Thesuccessofthe

missionwillinspiremanyyoungpeopletopursuetheirdreamsofbecomingastronauts.

Since2003,witheachnewmission,Chinahasshownitsabilityto11andpushtheboundariesofhuman

knowledge.Andwithitsstrongscientificandtechnological12,Chinaissuretomakegreaterachievementsin

thefuture.

TheShenzhou-19missionisaconstant13ofChina'sgrowinginfluenceinspaceexploration.Itmarksa

newerainChina9sspaceexplorationand14theworld'sattentiontothecountry'sdevelopment.AsChina

continuestoprogress,wecanonlyimaginewhatthefutureholdsforthis15nation.

1.A.frameworkB.chapterC.modeD.platform

2.A.optionB.combinationC.locationD.definition

3.A.dramaticB.appealingC.flexibleD.demanding

4.A.beatingB.sinkingC.racingD.melting

5.A.followedB.documentedC.monitoredD.noticed

6.A.facilitatedB.identifiedC.clarifiedD.demonstrated

7.A.multipleB.urgentC.physicalD.risky

8.A.drawonB.carryoutC.bringupD.dealwith

9.A.imagesB.fieldsC.sightsD.figures

10.A.summarizeB.occupyC.interruptD.complete

11.A.wonderB.innovateC.sustainD.apply

12.A.expansionB.backgroundC.introductionD.competence

13.A.reminderB.warningC.operationD.factor

14.A.referB.limitsC.absorbsD.connects

15.A.humbleB.powerfulC.reliableD.generous

B

（24-25高三上?河南濮陽(yáng)?階段練習(xí)）Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.

Ideally,thechoiceofan16shouldbemadeevenbeforethechoiceofthecurriculum（課程）inhighschool.

17,manypeoplejusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirmindsandmostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoices

duringtheirworkinglives,18becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprovetheir

positions.Actually,the"perfectjob“doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletraining

programthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle19.

Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans20gettingproperhelpfromacompetent

occupationalcounselor（置業(yè)顧問(wèn)）orpsychologist.Knowing21abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselves

forthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss22.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others23toa

pieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.

Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits24prestige（聲望）.Toomanyhighschool

students-ortheirparents-chooseaprofessionalfield,25boththerelativelysmallpercentageofworkersin

theprofessionandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal26.Theimaginaryprestigeofaprofessionis

27goodreasonforchoosingitasalifetime'swork.Whafsworse,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.

Sincealargepercentageofjobsaremechanicalandmanualwork,the28ofyoungpeopleshouldgive

serious29tothesefields.

Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathe/shewantsoutoflife

andhowhardhe/sheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.

Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake30forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasits

demandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulordosomecareeraptitudetestsbeforemakingthefinal

choicetogetaheadstart.

16.A.identificationB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.occupation

17.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.ThusD.Therefore

18.A.thoroughlyB.mainlyC.usuallyD.partly

19.A.meansB.jobC.taleD.certificate

20.A.withoutB.viaC.w汕D.through

21.A.littleB.moreC.muchD.less

22.A.chanceB.purposeC.basisD.mixture

23.A.applyB.appealC.accuseD.stick

24.A.imaginaryB.inspirationalC.generousD.greedy

25.A.concerningB.followingC.ignoringD.considering

26.A.prioritiesB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitions

27.A.oneB.anyC.theD.no

28.A.majorityB.chorusC.minorityD.number

29.A.proposalB.profileC.approvalD.consideration

30.A.turnsB.partsC.risksD.choices

(24-25高三上?黑龍江大慶?期中)DuringtheNov.11shoppingevent,manypeopletendtobuymore

thantheyneedbecauseofsalesandpromotionorjustaplainurge.Butwhatnormally31theshopping

madnessisnot32butregret.Thafsbecausemanypeoplejustbuythingstofilltheemptinessintheirhearts,

butaccumulatingthingsactually33theburdenintheirminds.

TheconceptofDansharimayprovidea(n)34totheproblem.DanshariisbasedonthreeChinese

characters,duansheli,35refusal,disposalandseparation.Itpromotestheideaofremoving36things

andseparatingoneselffromthedrivetoown37possessions.Therearetwobasicrulesthat38whether

youshouldkeepsomething-therelationshipbetweenyouandtheitemunder39aswellasthetiming.So

beforeyou40yourpaymentpasswordforsomething,askyourselftwoquestions:DoIneeditnow?Doesit

suitme?

Danshariencouragesyounotonlyto41things,buttogiveuptheunreasonabledesireassociatedwith

owningthem.Nowadays,peopleneedtolearnto42theirdailylives.Buyonlythenecessitiesandsuitable

items,regularly43thingsyoudon'tneedanymore,andthenyou511getfreedominyourheart.

However,itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldkillyourdesireandlivealessinterestinglife.Instead,youshould

44yourselfratherthanmaterialgoods.Through45whattobuyandwhattothrowaway,youcanseea

deeperreflectionofyourself,thereforelearningtomakewisedecisionsaboutmoreimportantthings.

31.A.preventsB.promotesC.startsD.follows

32.A.satisfactionB.wealthC.reliefD.expectation

33.A.measuresB.coversc.relievesD.indicates

34.A.limitB.alternativec.solutionD.introduction

35.A.abolishingB.meaningc.violatingD?predicting

36.A.unnecessaryB.temporaryC.usedD.updated

37.A.privateB.valuableC.materialD.popular

38.A.proveB.permitC.decideD.affect

39.A.guaranteeB.controlC.discussionD.consideration

40.A.changeB.enterC.provideD.create

41.A.getoverB.getalongwithC.getridofD.getthrough

42.A.fixB.riskC.enrichD.simplify

43.A.discoverB.recycleC.cherishD.abandon

44.A.reflectonB.focusonC.giveupD.cheerup

45.A.choosingB.avoidingC.comparingD.mentioning

D

（24-25高三上?河北邯鄲?階段練習(xí)）Everymorningat4:30a.m.,YangHe,a64-year-oldphotographer,

wakesupinthe46hoursanddrivestothebanksoftheYangtzeRiverinYichang,Hubeiprovince.Upon

arrival,hepatientlywaitsthereforfinlessporpoises（江月豕）tocomeoutfromthewater,hopingto47their

beauty.

Asadevoted48offinlessporpoises,Yanghastakenmorethan100,000vividphotosofthe49

speciesinthepastsixyears.4tIknowthisgroupoffinlessporpoisesvery50.Theyarejustlikemychildren,

hesays.

YangtzefinlessporpoisesaresoconnectedtotheYangtzeRiverthatanychangeinthehealthofitcan

supportorthreatentheir51.“Ifirst52afinlessporpoiseasateenagerwhentherewerefarfewerboats

ontheRiver.Iwould53seethempursuingboatsastheymadetheirwaydowntheriver,9,Yangsays,adding

thatashumanactivityincreased,theybecomerare.

Overthepastfewdecades,however,significantmeasureshavebeen54tochangethefateofthis

species.In2017,Yangwasfortunateenoughtospotafinlessporpoiseafteralong55.Overthelastfiveyears

alone,thepopulationofYangtzefinlessporpoiseshasincreasedto1,249,markinga56of23.4percent.

Today,groupsofthesecreaturescanonceagainbe57leapingabovethewater'ssurface.

“IwillcontinuetotakemorebeautifulphotosofthemaslongasIamableto58acameraandkeepa（n）

59onthem,^^Yangsays,addingthathewillmakeithislife9smissionto60theseremarkablecreatures.

46.A.officeB.smallC.bigD.rush

47.A.reflectB.inquireC.photographD.justify

48.A.admirerB.specialistC.keeperD.subscriber

49.A.motivatedB.endangeredC.occupiedD.caged

50.A.furtherB.slightlyC.littleD.well

51.A.comprehensionB.weightC.survivalD.vision

52.A.picturedB.trainedC.reservedD.encountered

53.A.frequentlyB.rarelyC.occasionallyD.never

54.A.calledoffB.carriedoutC.putasideD.gotacross

55.A.referenceB.inquiryc.gapD.inference

56.A.declineB.tendencyC.shareD.rise

57.A.justifiedB.expectedC.observedD.dominated

58.A.holdB.abandonc.deserveD.polish

59.A.paceB.earc.secretD.eye

60.A.advocateB.documentc.transformD.donate

專題14完形填空說(shuō)明文

目錄

題型綜述........................................................................2

解題攻略........................................................................2

題型01利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題.........................................................2

題型02利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題

題型03利用邏輯關(guān)系解題.........................................................4

題型04利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題...................................................5

高考練場(chǎng)

?題型簡(jiǎn)介

說(shuō)明文是高考英語(yǔ)完形填空中的一種并不?？嘉捏w，其主要功能是介紹、解釋或說(shuō)明事物的特征、本

質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理等。與記敘文相比，說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)言更加簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確，通常采用客觀

描述。文章主題明確，層次分明，作者通常在文章開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)明說(shuō)明對(duì)象。

?命題類型

>詞匯選擇題：主要考查名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。

>邏輯關(guān)系題：考查考生對(duì)文章邏輯關(guān)系的理解，需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。

>語(yǔ)境理解題：要求考生在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇最合適的詞匯。

?解題思路

?抓住首句，明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象：首句通常不設(shè)空，提供了文章的主題或說(shuō)明對(duì)象，幫助考生快速把握文

章的大意。

?理清段落關(guān)系：通讀全文，明確作者是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面進(jìn)行說(shuō)明的，概括

每一段的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，理清各段之間的關(guān)系。

?弄清說(shuō)明順序，把握文章脈絡(luò)：作者在說(shuō)明過(guò)程中會(huì)選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序（如時(shí)間順序、空間順

序、邏輯順序等），把握這些順序有助于理解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。

?關(guān)注語(yǔ)境和邏輯：在選擇答案時(shí)，要結(jié)合上下文的語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系，確保所選詞匯使文章意思通

順、邏輯合理。

?先易后難，逐步推進(jìn)：先解決那些容易判斷的空格，再逐步處理較難的題目，避免在難題上耗費(fèi)過(guò)

多時(shí)間。

技巧一：利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題

【題型詮釋】

復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語(yǔ)義銜接手段,它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根

詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起因此,考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理

解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境利用文章中的語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)來(lái)選擇正確的答案。它包括：1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；2.同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；3.反

義復(fù)現(xiàn)；4.代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

提分秘籍

Fin

該類題是完形填空中比較簡(jiǎn)單的，也是送分題。要仔細(xì)閱讀，但是這些詞可能隱藏的比較深；上文

可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相P券麗，因此要注意集中尋找這些暗示

信息。

典例剖析

［示例］Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthe

stageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis_41—processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy

42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage（美式手語(yǔ)）.

41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

［解析］A本題可利用語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。由上文中的explorenewaspectsoflife可知，所填詞與explore（探索）

在詞義上相近，故選searching（尋找）。planning計(jì)劃；natural自然的；formal正式的。

［