Unit4ElectronicsystemsLesson11ThemobiletelephoneSystem(II)《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Lesson11ThemobiletelephoneSystem(II)

BackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2025/3/62《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TerminologyTDM時分復用FDM頻分復用PCM脈沖編碼調(diào)制PCS個人通信系統(tǒng)spreadspectrumcommunication

擴頻通信Backgrounds2025/3/63《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TexttourOutlineD-AMPS-TheDigitalAdvancedMobilePhoneSystemGSM-TheGlobalSystemforMobileCommunicationsCDMA-CodeDivisionMultipleAccess2025/3/64《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》D-AMPSisthesecondgenerationofAMPSFullydigitalInternationalStandard:IS-54andIS-136D-AMPSandAMPSshare…30kHzchannelupstreamchannelsinthe1850–1910MHzrangedownstreamchannelsinthe1930–1990MHzrange D-AMPSdiffersin…

D-AMPS

TheDigitalAdvancedMobilePhoneSystem2025/3/65《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》(a)AD-AMPSchannelwith3users.(b)AD-AMPSchannelwith6users.D-AMPS

TheDigitalAdvancedMobilePhoneSystem2025/3/66《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》GSMissimilartoD-AMPSin…cellularsystemFDMisusedtransmittingononefrequencyandreceivingonahigherfrequencyasinglefrequencypairissplitbyTDMintotimeslotssharedbymultiplemobiles.

GSM

TheGlobalSystemforMobileCommunications2025/3/67《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》GSMisdifferentfromD-AMPSin…

theGSMchannelsaremuchwider(200kHzvs.30kHz)holdrelativelyfewadditionalusers(3vs.8)GSMhasamuchhigherdatarateperuserGSM

TheGlobalSystemforMobileCommunications2025/3/68《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》GSMuses124frequencychannels,eachofwhichusesaneight-slotTDMsystem.GSM

TheGlobalSystemforMobileCommunications2025/3/69《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》AportionoftheGSMframingstructure.GSM

TheGlobalSystemforMobileCommunications2025/3/610《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》CompletelydifferentfromD-AMPSandGSMAnanalogyFDMAis…TDMAis…CDMAis…

AnexamplePracticalconsiderationsforCDMACDMA

CodeDivisionMultipleAccess2025/3/611《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Vocabularymodulation,approximation,conflict,comparable,random,complement,inverse,spectrum,parallel,scheme,complicateStructureReading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse2025/3/612《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Vocabulary2025/3/613《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ModulationindictionaryAchangeinstress,pitch,loudness,ortoneofthevoice;aninflectionofthevoice.Thevariationofapropertyofanelectromagneticwaveorsignal,suchasitsamplitude,frequency,orphase.Theprocessbywhichsomecharacteristicofonewaveisvariedinaccordancewithanotherwaveorsignal.Thistechniqueisusedinmodemstomakebusinessmachinesignalscompatiblewithcommunicationfacilities.Amethodofrepresentingdatainmagnetizablesurfacestorage;forexample,“modifiedfrequencymodulation”.2025/3/614《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ModulationintextOnaD-AMPSmobilephone,thevoicesignalpickedupbythemicrophoneisdigitizedandcompressedusingamodelthatismoresophisticatedthanthedeltamodulationandpredictiveencodingschemes.在D-AMPS移動電話上，語音信號由麥克風拾取之后，先進行數(shù)字化，然后使用比增量調(diào)制和預測編碼更復雜的模型進行壓縮。

2025/3/615《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Modulationinuse

adaptivedeltamodulation自適應增量調(diào)制amplitudemodulation調(diào)幅anglemodulation角調(diào)制(調(diào)頻與調(diào)相)binarypulse-codemodulation二進制脈(沖編)碼調(diào)制differentialpulsecodemodulation差值脈沖編碼調(diào)制2025/3/616《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Modulationinuse

differentialpulsecodemodulation差分脈沖編碼調(diào)制directfrequencymodulation直接調(diào)頻displacementmodulation(脈沖)相位[位移]調(diào)制double-sidebandmodulation雙邊帶調(diào)制2025/3/617《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Modulationinuse

incidentalphasemodulation寄生調(diào)相pulse-amplitudemodulation脈幅調(diào)制quadraturemodulation正交調(diào)制,直角相位調(diào)制vestigialsidebandmodulation殘留邊帶調(diào)制2025/3/618《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ApproximationindictionaryTheact,process,orresultofapproximating.

接近Aninexactresultadequateforagivenpurpose.

近似值2025/3/619《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ApproximationintextToafirst

approximation,GSMissimilartoD-AMPS.Botharecellularsystems.乍一看，GSM和D-AMPS很相似。兩者都是蜂窩系統(tǒng)。2025/3/620《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Approximationinuse

bestpolynomialapproximation最佳多項式逼近closestrationalapproximation最近分數(shù),最近有理近似法differenceapproximation差分近似differentialapproximation微分逼近digitalapproximation數(shù)值逼近engineeringapproximation工程近似法exponentialapproximation指數(shù)近似2025/3/621《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Approximationinuse

finite-differenceapproximation有限差分近似leastsquareapproximation最小二乘逼近linearapproximation線性近似,線性逼近lumpedparameterapproximation集中參數(shù)近似rationalfunctionapproximation有理函數(shù)逼近2025/3/622《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》MultiplexindictionaryRelatingto,having,orconsistingofmultipleelementsorparts:

復合的Relatingtoorbeingasystemofsimultaneouscommunicationoftwoormoremessages

onthesamewireorradiochannel.

多路傳輸?shù)腁building,especiallyamovietheaterordwelling,withmultipleseparateunits.

復合式建筑Tosendmessagesorsignals

simultaneouslyusingamultiplexsystem.

多路傳輸Tosendsimultaneouslyusingamultiplexsystem.

多路傳輸2025/3/623《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》MultiplexintextWithmobiletelephonythereisahugegainfromdoingdigitizationandcompressioninthehandset,somuchsothatinD-AMPS,threeuserscanshareasinglefrequencypairusingtimedivisionmultiplexing.

對于移動電話而言，在電話機內(nèi)完成數(shù)字化并進行數(shù)據(jù)壓縮有很大好處——這樣一來，3個D-AMPS用戶可以通過時分復用共用一對頻率。

2025/3/624《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Multiplexinuse

code-divisionmultiplex碼分多路通信frequencymultiplex頻率多工通信frequency-divisionmultiplex頻分多路復用spacedivisionmultiplex空分多路通信stereomultiplex立體聲多路傳輸2025/3/625《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Multiplexinuse

Simplex

單工通信Atermappliedtoacircuitormethodofworkinginwhichdataistransmittedinonlyonepre-assigneddirection.Duplex

雙工通信(fullduplex,halfduplex)Indatacommunication,pertainingtoasimultaneoustwo-wayindependenttransmission

inbothdirections.Complex2025/3/626《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ConflictindictionaryAstateofopen,oftenprolongedfighting;abattleorwar.

戰(zhàn)役或戰(zhàn)爭Astateofdisharmonybetweenincompatibleorantitheticalpersons,ideas,orinterests;aclash.

沖突

Apsychicstruggle,oftenunconscious,resultingfromtheoppositionorsimultaneousfunctioningofmutuallyexclusiveimpulses,desires,ortendencies.

心理掙扎Oppositionbetweencharactersorforcesinaworkofdramaorfiction,especiallyoppositionthatmotivatesorshapestheactionoftheplot.

（戲劇或小說）沖突2025/3/627《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ConflictintextTheoretically,992channelscanbesupportedineachcell,butmanyofthemarenotavailable,toavoidfrequencyconflictswithneighboringcells.理論上講，每個蜂窩小區(qū)可以支持992個信道；但為了避免和鄰近蜂窩小區(qū)發(fā)生頻率沖突，許多信道并不能使用。

2025/3/628《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Conflictinuse

conflictcontestcombatfightaffray Thesenounsdenotestrugglebetweenopposingforcesforvictoryorsupremacy.

Conflictappliesbothtoopenfightingbetweenhostilegroupsandtoastruggle,oftenaninnerstruggle,betweenantitheticalforcesContestcanrefereithertofriendlycompetitionortoahostilestruggletoachieveanobjective:anarcherycontest;aspellingcontest;2025/3/629《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Conflictinuse

conflictcontestcombatfightaffrayCombatmostcommonlyimpliesanencounterbetweentwoarmedpersonsorgroups:Fightusuallyreferstoaclash,physicalorfigurative,involvingindividualadversaries:Afightwasscheduledbetweentheworldboxingchampionandthechallenger.

Affraysuggestsapublicfightorbrawl:2025/3/630《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ComparableindictionaryAdmittingofcomparisonwithanotherorothers:

可比較的Ourhouseisnotcomparablewithyours.Afireiscomparablewiththesun;bothgivelightandheat.Similarorequivalent:

相似或相當：AcomparablecarwouldcostfarmoreinEurope.Nohorsehasaspeedcomparabletothatofhis.2025/3/631《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ComparableintextTDMiscomparable

tothepeoplebeinginthemiddleoftheroombuttakingturnsspeaking.FDMiscomparabletothepeoplebeinginwidelyseparatedclumps,eachclumpholdingitsownconversationatthesametimeas,butstillindependentof,theothers.CDMAiscomparabletoeverybodybeinginthemiddleoftheroomtalkingatonce,butwitheachpairinadifferentlanguage.2025/3/632《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》RandomindictionaryHavingnospecificpattern,purpose,orobjective:

沒有明確形式、目的或內(nèi)容的：randommovements;arandomchoice.Oforrelatingtothesameorequalchancesorprobabilityofoccurrenceforeachmemberofagroup.

隨機的2025/3/633《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》RandomintextThus,thekeytoCDMAistobeabletoextractthedesiredsignalwhilerejectingeverythingelseas

randomnoise.因此，CDMA的關鍵在于能夠提取出希望得到的信號，而把其他信號當作隨機噪聲而加以抑制。2025/3/634《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Randominuse

random,haphazard,chance,casualRandom強調(diào)某事不是按計劃發(fā)生的Theexperimentcannotbesatisfactorybecausehehastousetherandomselectionofspecimens.Haphazard表示說話或使用某物時不考慮效果Heregrertedhishaphazardremarks.Chance包含著冒險性或不確定性，或者結果是不能預知的Withoutsomethingofthiskind,searchingforintelligenceonotherplanetswouldbeliketryingtomeetafriendinLondonwithoutapre-arrangedrendezvousandabsurdlywanderingthestreetsinthehopeofachanceencounter.Casual表示“隨便的”2025/3/635《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ComplementindictionarySomethingthatcompletes,makesupawhole,orbringstoperfection.

補充物Thequantityornumberneededtomakeupawhole:

補足Eitheroftwopartsthatcompletethewholeormutuallycompleteeachother.

補數(shù)Ananglerelatedtoanothersothatthesumoftheirmeasuresis90.

余角2025/3/636《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ComplementintextEachstationisassignedauniquem-bitcodecalledachipsequence.Totransmita1bit,astationsendsitschipsequence.Totransmita0bit,itsendstheone’scomplementofitschipsequence.每個（移動）站分配到唯一的一個稱為“碼片序列”的m位碼。要傳送比特“1”，就發(fā)送這個碼片序列；要傳送比特“0”，就發(fā)送這個碼片序列的反碼。

2025/3/637《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Complementinuse

One’scomplement二進制反碼two’scomplement二進制補碼complementofanangle余角complementofanumber余數(shù)complementofaset補集2025/3/638《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Complementinuse

Complementcompliment

Complementandcompliment,thoughquitedistinctinmeaning,aresometimesconfusedbecausetheyarepronouncedthesame.

Complementmeanssomethingthatcompletesorbringstoperfection.Theantiquesilverwasacomplementtothebeautifullysettable.Complimentmeansanexpressionoractofcourtesyorpraise.Theygaveusacomplimentonourbeautifullysettable.2025/3/639《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》InverseindictionaryReversedinorder,nature,oreffect.

相反的Oforrelatingtoaninverseoraninversefunction.

相反的

Turnedupsidedown;inverted.

顛倒的；倒置的2025/3/640《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》InverseindictionaryThereciprocalofadesignatedquantity.

Alsocalled:multiplicativeinverse

倒數(shù)Thenegativeofadesignatedquantity.

Alsocalled:additiveinverse

相反數(shù)2025/3/641《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》InverseintextAgoodheuristichereisforeachmobilestationtotransmittothebasestationattheinverse

ofthepowerlevelitreceivesfromthebasestation.一個很好的思路是：每個移動站向基站發(fā)送信號的功率是接收到的基站信號功率電平的倒數(shù)。

2025/3/642《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Inverseinuse

ReverseTransverse2025/3/643《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》SpectrumindictionaryThedistributionofenergy

emittedbyaradiantsource,asbyanincandescentbody,arrangedinorderofwavelengths.

光譜Thedistributionofatomicorsubatomicparticlesinasystem,asinamagneticallyresolvedmolecularbeam,arrangedinorderofmasses.

能譜Agraphicorphotographicrepresentationofsuchadistribution.

譜圖2025/3/644《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》SpectrumindictionaryArangeofvaluesofaquantityorsetofrelatedquantities.

范圍Abroadsequenceorrangeofrelatedqualities,ideas,oractivities:

系列，范圍thewholespectrumof20th-centurythought.thewholespectrumofindustry2025/3/645《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》SpectrumintextIncreasingtheamountofinformationtobesentfrombbits/sectombchips/seccanonlybedoneifthebandwidthavailableisincreasedbyafactorofm,makingCDMAaformofspreadspectrumcommunication(assumingnochangesinthemodulationorencodingtechniques).只要可用帶寬提高至原來的m倍，就可以將發(fā)送信息量從b位/秒提高到mb碼片/秒；這使得CDMA是一種擴頻通信的形式（假定調(diào)制和編碼技術沒有發(fā)生變化的話）。

2025/3/646《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Spectruminuseabsorptionspectrum吸收光譜,吸收頻譜electromagneticspectrum電磁波頻譜energydensityspectrum能量密度譜frequencyspectrum頻譜infraredspectrum紅外線譜phasespectrum相位譜powerspectrum能譜,功率譜powerdensityspectrum功率密度譜uppersidebandspectrum上邊帶譜2025/3/647《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ParallelindictionaryBeinganequaldistanceaparteverywhere平行的Havingcomparableparts,analogousaspects,orreadilyrecognizedsimilarities相似的，相同的，對等的theparallellivesoftwocontemporaries.Havingthesametendencyordirection

具有相同傾向的parallelmotivesandaims.Denotingacircuitorpartofacircuitconnectedinparallel.并聯(lián)的Oforrelatingtothesimultaneoustransmissionofallthebitsofabyteoverseparatewires同時輸送的Oforrelatingtothesimultaneousperformanceofmultipleoperations并行的parallelprocessing.2025/3/648《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ParallelindictionaryOneofasetofparallelgeometricfigures,suchaslinesorplanes.平行線，平行面Onethatcloselyresemblesorisanalogoustoanother相似物Acomparisonindicatinglikeness;ananalogy.類比Theconditionofbeingparallel;nearsimilarityorexactagreementinparticulars;parallelism.類似Anyoftheimaginarylinesrepresentingdegreesoflatitudethatencircletheearthparalleltotheplaneoftheequator.緯線Anarrangementofcomponentsinacircuitthatsplitsthecurrentintotwoormorepaths.Usedchieflyinthephraseinparallel.

并聯(lián)2025/3/649《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ParallelintextInprinciple,givenenoughcomputingcapacity,thereceivercanlistentoallthesendersatoncebyrunningthedecodingalgorithmforeachoftheminparallel.從理論上講，假如具備足夠的計算能力，通過并行運行解碼算法，接收機就能同時聽到每一個發(fā)送方。

2025/3/650《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》SchemeindictionaryAsystematicplanofaction.

系統(tǒng)性計劃Asecretordeviousplan;aplot.

陰謀；計劃Animpracticalorunrealisticplan:

不切實際的計劃Anorderlycombinationofrelatedparts:

系統(tǒng)配置Achart,adiagram,oranoutlineofasystemoranobject.

系統(tǒng)或計劃的圖表、圖解或大綱2025/3/651《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》SchemeintextNevertheless,CDMAisacleverschemethatisbeingrapidlyintroducedforwirelessmobilecommunication.但不管怎么說，CDMA是一種非常精巧的設計，并迅速地應用于無線移動通信中。

2025/3/652《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Schemeinuse

blockscheme方框圖,方塊圖classificationscheme分類表codescheme編碼方案colorscheme色彩組合;色彩設計;配色commandcodingscheme指令編碼方案decisionscheme判定方案,判決方案educationalscheme教育制度equivalentscheme等效電路labelingscheme代碼電路;標號方案proofscheme驗證方案2025/3/653《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ComplicateindictionaryTomakeorbecomecomplexorperplexing.

使復雜或令人困惑Totwistorbecometwistedtogether.

使麻煩Complex,intricate,andinvolved.

復雜的、錯綜的

2025/3/654《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ComplicateintextCDMAalsohasmanyothercomplicatingfactorsthathavebeenglossedoverhere.在這里，我們尚未談到CDMA技術中許多其他的、令問題復雜化的因素。

2025/3/655《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Complicateinuse

complex,complicated,intricate,involved,knottycomplex指組成元素多，相互關系復雜，需要專門知識才能處理。thecomplexmechanismofawatchcomplicated更強調(diào)復雜得難以解釋或理解。TheoldviewofGalileowasdelightfullyuncomplicated.intricate指眾多因素交織在一起，很難理出頭緒來。Thechildwasperplexedbytheintricateplotofthestory.involved指許多事物或事物的關系盤根錯節(jié)。Theseareinvolvedfinancialaffairs.knotty指意義很難弄懂。Thisisaknottypassage.2025/3/656《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Structure2025/3/657《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Reading/Writingtechniques2025/3/658《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Unit4ElectronicSystemLesson12PersonalComputerSystems《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Lesson12PersonalComputerSystemsBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2025/3/660《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TerminologyCPURAM,ROM,BIOSIDEPCIUSB，F(xiàn)irewireOSBackgrounds2025/3/661《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Terminology2025/3/662《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Themicroprocessor"brain"ofthecomputersystemiscalledthecentralprocessingunit.EverythingthatacomputerdoesisoverseenbytheCPU.CPU64-bitMicroprocessor2025/3/663《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Random-accessmemory(RAM)-UsedtotemporarilystoreinformationthatthecomputeriscurrentlyworkingwithRead-onlymemory(ROM)-ApermanenttypeofmemorystorageusedbythecomputerforimportantdatathatdoesnotchangeBasicinput/outputsystem(BIOS)-AtypeofROMthatisusedbythecomputertoestablishbasiccommunicationwhenthecomputerisfirstturnedonRAM,ROM,BIOSRAMs2025/3/664《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》IntegratedDriveElectronics(IDE)Controller-Thisistheprimaryinterfacefortheharddrive,CD-ROMandfloppydiskdrive.

IDEControllerIDEController2025/3/665《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》PeripheralComponentInterconnect(PCI)Bus-Themostcommonwaytoconnectadditionalcomponentstothecomputer,PCIusesaseriesofslotsonthemotherboardthatPCIcardspluginto.

PCIPCIcard2025/3/666《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》UniversalSerialBus(USB)-Quicklybecomingthemostpopularexternalconnection,USBportsofferpowerandversatilityandareincrediblyeasytouse.FireWire(IEEE1394)-FireWireisaverypopularmethodofconnectingdigital-videodevices,suchascamcordersordigitalcameras,toyourcomputer.USB,FireWire2025/3/667《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Operatingsystem-Thisisthebasicsoftwarethatallowstheusertointerfacewiththecomputer.OS2025/3/668《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TexttourOutlineCorePCComponentsPorts,PeripheralsandExpansionSlotsPoweringUpaPC2025/3/669《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》CaseMotherboardCPURAMDrivesCoolingdevicesCables

CorePCComponents2025/3/670《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》GraphicscomponentsPortsExpansionslots

Harddisk

Ports,PeripheralsandExpansionSlots2025/3/671《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ThepowerbuttonactivatesthepowersupplyinthePC,sendingpowertothemotherboardandothercomponents.ThePCperformsapower-onself-test(POST).ThePOSTisasmallcomputerprogramwithintheBIOSthatchecksforhardwarefailures.AsinglebeepafterthePOSTsignalsthateverything'sokay.Otherbeepsequencessignalahardwarefailure,andPCrepairspecialistscomparethesesequenceswithacharttodeterminewhichcomponenthasfailed.ThePCdisplaysinformationontheattachedmonitorshowingdetailsaboutthebootprocess.TheseincludetheBIOSmanufacturerandrevision,processorspecs,theamountofRAMinstalled,andthedrivesdetected.ManyPCshavereplaceddisplayingthisinformationwithasplashscreenshowingthemanufacturer'slogo.YoucanturnoffthesplashscreenintheBIOSsettingsifyou'dratherseethetext.PoweringUpaPC2025/3/672《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TheBIOSattemptstoaccessthefirstsectorofthedrivedesignatedasthebootdisk.Thefirstsectoristhefirstkilobytesofthediskinsequence,ifthedriveisreadsequentiallystartingwiththefirstavailablestorageaddress.Thebootdiskistypicallythesameharddiskorsolid-statedrivethatcontainsyouroperatingsystem.YoucanchangethebootdiskbyconfiguringtheBIOSorinterruptingthebootprocesswithakeysequence(oftenindicatedonthebootscreens).TheBIOSconfirmsthere'sabootstraploader,orbootloader,inthatfirstsectorofthebootdisk,anditloadsthatbootloaderintomemory(RAM).ThebootloaderisasmallprogramdesignedtofindandlaunchthePC'soperatingsystem.Oncethebootloaderisinmemory,theBIOShandsoveritsworktothebootloader,whichinturnbeginsloadingtheoperatingsystemintomemory.Whenthebootloaderfinishesitstask,itturnscontrolofthePCovertotheoperatingsystem.Then,theOSisreadyforuserinteraction.PoweringUpaPC2025/3/673《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》VocabularyfacetapplianceinterfaceStructureReading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse2025/3/674《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Vocabulary2025/3/675《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》FacetindictionaryOneofnumerousaspects,asofasubject;aphase.

某一方面2025/3/676《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》FacetintextWhenyoumentiontheword"technology,"mostpeoplethinkaboutcomputers.

Virtuallyevery

facetofourliveshassomecomputerizedcomponent.一提到“技術”這個詞，多數(shù)人都會想到計算機。實際上，和計算機相關的事物出現(xiàn)在我們生活中的方方面面。2025/3/677《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ApplianceindictionaryAdeviceorinstrumentdesignedtoperformaspecificfunction,especiallyanelectricaldevice,suchasatoaster,forhouseholduse.

器具，用具Adentalorsurgicaldevicedesignedtoperformatherapeuticorcorrectivefunction.

醫(yī)療器械2025/3/678《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Applianceintext

Theappliancesinourhomeshavemicroprocessorsbuiltintothem,asdoourtelevisions.Evenourcarshaveacomputer.電視機等家用電器內(nèi)部就有微處理器，汽車里也有計算機。

2025/3/679《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Applianceinusecontrolappliance控制設備conveyingappliance輸送裝置divingappliances潛水用具electricappliance電器first-aidappliance急救用品householdappliances家用電器liftingappliance升降設備measuringappliance測量器具2025/3/680《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》InterfaceindictionaryAsurfaceformingacommonboundarybetweenadjacentregions,bodies,substances,orphases.

界面Apointatwhichindependentsystemsordiversegroupsinteract:

接合點Thepointofinteractionorcommunicationbetweenacomputerandanyotherentity,suchasaprinterorhumanoperator.

接口2025/3/681《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》InterfaceindictionaryAsharedboundary

betweentwofunctionalunits,definedbyfunctionalcharacteristics,commonphysicalinterconnectioncharacteristics,signalcharacteristics,andothercharacteristics,asappropriate.Adeviceorequipmentmakingpossibleinteroperationbetweentwosystems,forexample,ahardwarecomponentoracommonstorageregister.Asharedlogicalboundary

betweentwosoftwarecomponents.Aninteractivedevelopmenttool,forexample,isauser-friendlyinterfacebetweenasystemsoftwareandanapplicationsoftware.2025/3/682《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》InterfaceintextUserInterface（UI）-Providesawayforyoutointeractwiththecomputer用戶接口：提供人機通信和交互的途徑。2025/3/683《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Interfaceinuse

air-conductorinterface空氣導體分界面compilerinterface編譯程序的接口computerinterface計算機接口,計算機界面customerinterface用戶接口datainterface數(shù)據(jù)界面hardware-softwareinterface硬件軟件接口standardI/Ointerface標準輸入輸出接口2025/3/684《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Structure2025/3/685《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Reading/Writingtechniques2025/3/686《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Unit5ModernDigitalDesignLesson13ElectronicDesignAutamation《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Lesson13OverviewofModernDigitalDesignBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2025/3/688《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TerminologyCD:compactdisc

光盤LP:longplayingrecord

慢轉密紋唱片CAD:ComputerAidedDesign

計算機輔助設計EDA:ElectronicDesignAutomatic

電子設計自動化Backgrounds2025/3/689《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TerminologyHDL:HardwareDescriptionLanguage

硬件描述語言VHDL

極高速集成電路(VHSIC)硬件描述語言Backgrounds2025/3/690《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TerminologyASIC:ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit

專用集成電路PLD:ProgrammableLogicDevice

可編程邏輯器件PLA:ProgrammableLogicArray

可編程邏輯陣列RTL:RegisterTransferLevel

寄存器傳送級

Backgrounds2025/3/691《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》TexttourOutlineIntroductionDesignautomationLogicgatesASICsandFPGAsDesignflow2025/3/692《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》IntroductionElectroniccircuitdesignanaloguedesigndigitaldesignmixed-signaldesignDigitalelectronicsisevermoresignificantinconsumergoods…Thelifetimesofproductshavelessened…

2025/3/693《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》DesignautomationDigitaldesignhasbecomeverydependentonCAD –alsoknownasDAorEDATheEDAtoolsallowtwotaskstobeperformedSynthesisSimulationMethodsfordigitaldesigndescription

schematiccapturehardwaredescriptionlanguage(HDL)Verilog

VHDL2025/3/694《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》LogicgatesThebasicbuilding

blocksofdigitalcircuitsAgateisanelectroniccomponentwithanumberofinputsand,generally,asingleoutput.Theinputsandtheoutputsarenormallyinoneoftwostates:logic0orlogic1.Theselogicvaluesarerepresentedbyvoltages(forinstance,0Vforlogic0and3.3Vforlogic1)orcurrents.Thegateitselfperformsalogicaloperationusingallofitsinputstogeneratetheoutput.2025/3/695《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》Itispossibletobuyasingleintegratedcircuitcontaining,say,fouridenticalgates,asshowninFigure5.1.(Notethattwooftheconnectionsareforthepositiveandnegativepowersuppliestothedevice.Theseconnectionsarenotnormallyshowninlogicdiagrams.)Adigitalsystemcouldbebuiltbyconnectinghundredsofsuchdevicestogether-indeedmanysystemshavebeendesignedinthatway.Asmall-scaleintegratedcircuit

Logicgates2025/3/696《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》ASICsandFPGAsFull-customandsemi-customICsASICsProgrammablelogicdevicesPLAs(programmablelogicarrays)PALs(programmablearraylogic)CPLDs(complexPLDs)FPGAs(fieldprogrammablegatearrays).2025/3/697《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》PLAstructure.ASICsandFPGAs2025/3/698《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第6版）》DesignflowWriteaspecification.Ifnecessary,partitionthedesignintosmallerpartsandwriteaspecificationforeachpart.Fromthespecificationdraw

astatemachinechart.Thisshowseachstateofthesystemandtheinputconditionsthatcauseachangeofstate,togetherwiththeoutputsineachstate.Minimizethenumberofstates.Thisisoptionalandmaynotbeusefulinal