翻譯三級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬27ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Thenovel,whichisaworkofart（江南博哥）,existsnotbyits______life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.A.significanceinB.imaginationatC.resemblancetoD.predominanceover正確答案：C[解析]這是一個(gè)由but連接的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句。后面提到了difference，由句子前后關(guān)系看，空白處的詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是difference的反義詞，只有resemblanceto符合題意。significance

in(life)意為“在(生活方面)的意義”，與題意不符；imagination

at(life)不是正確用法；predominanceover.的意思是“比……強(qiáng)，在……之上”，放在此句中，毫無意義。

2.

Peterwill______asmanagingdirectorwhenBillretires.A.takeoffB.takeoverC.taketoD.takeup正確答案：B[解析]本題需要弄清楚以take為中心的四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的意思。A項(xiàng)的takeoff意思是“(飛機(jī)等)起飛”，B項(xiàng)的takeover意思是“接替，接任”，C項(xiàng)的taketo意思是“逃去某處；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生好感；逐漸習(xí)慣于做……”，D項(xiàng)的takeup意思是“繼續(xù)”。根據(jù)題意，B為正確答案。

3.

Inchargeofanarmyofseventhousandmen,he______theorientalcityforninemonthsandfinallydefeatedit.A.intrudedB.hauntedC.besiegedD.possessed正確答案：C[解析]intrude侵略，侵入；haunt常去；besiege圍攻，包圍；possess占有。

4.

Thisdistinguisheddirector______theplotfortheprizewinningfilmwhilehewasstillacollegestudent.A.conceivedB.constitutedC.reflectedD.calculated正確答案：A[解析]conceived構(gòu)思；constituted組成；reflected反應(yīng)，反??；calculated計(jì)算，考慮。

5.

Themonopoly-capitalistgroup______manysmallerenterpriseslastyear.A.integratedB.mergedC.combinedD.collected正確答案：B[解析]merge兼并。A．integrate聯(lián)合；C．combine聯(lián)合；D．collect收款。

6.

Customersmayalsobepermittedto______theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay正確答案：B[解析]overdraw透支。A．overextend貨款過多；C．overvalue估價(jià)過高；D．overpay多付款。

7.

TheDeclarationofIndependence,______theConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,wasdrawnupwiththehelpofBenjaminFranklin.A.andB.alsoC.aswellasD.sotoo正確答案：C[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。

此句意為：《獨(dú)立宣言》和美國憲法都是在本杰明•富蘭克林的協(xié)助下起草的。A.and，(連接并列的名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞)同，和，與；B．a(chǎn)lso也(在句中作狀語，只能用于肯定句中，通常放在主要?jiǎng)釉~之前，助動(dòng)詞之后)；C．a(chǎn)swellas除……之外，和(強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)在前面)，不但……而且；注意：用and連接一般不需要逗號(hào)隔開，且此處后面的系動(dòng)詞是was，不是were；因此答案只能是C。

8.

Thepicnic______atlastafterbeingtwicepostponed.A.cameoffB.cameupC.putonD.wenton正確答案：A[解析]cameoff舉行，實(shí)現(xiàn)；cameup發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；puton穿上，增加；wenton繼續(xù)，發(fā)生。

9.

Thisteachingmethodisa______ofmanymethodswhichhavebeenusedfordecadesinthecountry.A.symposiumB.symphonyC.spectrogramD.synthesis正確答案：D[解析]symposium討論會(huì)；symphony交響曲；spectrogram光譜圖；synthesis綜合，合成。

10.

TheChairmanseldomtalkedmuchatthesemeetings,buthisgesturesandnoisesspoke______.A.forumsB.valuesC.volumesD.horrors正確答案：C[解析]固定搭配

speakvolumes(口語)意義深長；有力地說明。因此答案為C。

11.

______famousqueensinthehistoryofEngland:ElizabethIandVictoria.A.TwoB.TherearetwoC.BetweentwoareD.Aretwo正確答案：B[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別

此句意為：在英國歷史上有兩個(gè)著名的女王：伊麗莎白一世和維多利亞女王。選項(xiàng)A，C，D都無法和后續(xù)部分構(gòu)成完整句，因此答案為B。

12.

Thearticlegivesusasummaryofthesituationinthefirstpartandthendiscussesit______.A.atissueB.atlengthC.atrandomD.atlarge正確答案：B[解析]固定搭配四組均作狀語：A.atissue在爭論中，不和；B.atlength最后，詳細(xì)地；C.atrandom胡亂地，隨便地；D.atlarge普遍；本句意為：這篇文章在第一部分給我們將情形做了個(gè)概述，然后詳盡地做了論述。因此B為答案。

13.

Theshippingclerksmustknowwhichorders______.A.takepriorityB.forwaitC.arepaidforD.requirelittleattention正確答案：A[解析]固定搭配

A．takepriority比……居先；B．waitfor等待；C．bepaidfor被償還，被賠償；D．requirelittleattention不需注意；因此答案為A。

14.

Asaresultoftheirfrequentlitters,rabbitshavethereputationofbeing______.A.ruthlessB.prolificC.practicalD.rational正確答案：B[解析]ruthless無情的；prolific多產(chǎn)的，大量繁殖的；practical實(shí)際的；rational合理的，理性的。

15.

TrainingprogramsfortheU.S.PeaceCorpsareconductedinthecountryorregion______thevolunteerwillserve.A.andB.orC.thatisD.where正確答案：D[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別

所填之詞與后面的部分構(gòu)成定語從句，修飾前面的中心詞thecountryorregion，因此需填一個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語從句、表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞，因此D為答案。

16.

Howmuchapersoncanearnisnotalwaysagood______ofrealsuccessinlife.A.essenceB.decreeC.qualificationD.criterion正確答案：D[解析]criterion(批評(píng)判斷的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；essence本質(zhì)；decree法令；qualification資格，條件。

17.

Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewould______beabletowalk.A.innotimeB.byallmeansC.innowayD.onanyaccount正確答案：C[解析]innoway決不，一點(diǎn)也不。A．innotime立刻，馬上；B．byallmeans當(dāng)然，一定；D．onanyaccount無論如何。

18.

Hefeltinsultedatthecommentthathiswritingwasall______.A.junkB.pollutantC.garbageD.waste正確答案：A

19.

Marketingis______justdistributinggoodsfromthemanufacturertothefinalcustomer.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.biggerthanD.morethan正確答案：D[解析]習(xí)語辨析。

A．ratherthan勝于；B．otherthan不同于，除了；C．biggerthan大于；D．morethan多過……，不止……，……以上；如：Theconsequencewasmuchmorethanheimagined．結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)超過他的想象。本句意為：營銷不僅僅是將貨物從生產(chǎn)者向最終客戶的分配。因此選D。

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

Theofficerisgallantinhisbehaviortowardhisyoungsecretary.A.braveB.pertinentC.obedientD.courtly正確答案：D[解析]形容詞辨析

A．brave勇敢的；B．pertinent有關(guān)的；C．obedient服從的，孝順的；D．courtly優(yōu)雅的，尊嚴(yán)而又禮貌的；而gallant表示豪俠的，騎士風(fēng)度的；所以D為答案。

2.

Recentevidencehastendedtobecontraryytoestablishedtheoriesonthissubject.A.incontradictionwithB.incoincidencewithC.incorrespondencewithD.incontrastwith正確答案：A[解析]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有incontradictionwith“與……相互矛盾”與contraryto“相反地”同義。其他選項(xiàng)incoincidencewith“與……巧合”、incorrespondencewith“與……通信”和incontrastwith“與……形成對(duì)照”則與之意義不符。

3.

Amistakeisrarelyatonedforbyasingleapology,howeverprofuse.A.extravagantB.producedC.divergentD.repetitious正確答案：A[解析]本題中，profuse的意思是“極其豐富的”。A項(xiàng)的“extravagant過分的，豐饒的”符合題意，如：extravagantvegetation(茂盛的植被)。其他三項(xiàng)“produced畸形生長的；divergent分歧的；repetitious重復(fù)的”都不正確。

4.

RacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.A.falldownB.fallillC.falloutD.fallbehind正確答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)的意思是“掉下，倒下”，與“collapse塌陷”的意思相近。B項(xiàng)“病倒”；C項(xiàng)“吵鬧，爭吵”；D項(xiàng)“落后”。[譯文]每天與時(shí)間賽跑是一項(xiàng)令人疲憊不堪的工作，當(dāng)我確實(shí)有時(shí)間休息時(shí)，我?guī)缀醵家辶恕?/p>

5.

IfwelookattheChineseandBritishconceptsofhospitality,wefindonemajorsimilaritybutanumberofimportantdifferences.A.hostilityB.friendlinessC.mannerD.culture正確答案：B[解析]名詞辨析。

hospitality好客，宜人，盛情；A．hostility敵意，不友善，敵對(duì)：B．friendliness友誼，友善，親切；C．manner禮貌，風(fēng)格，方式；D．culture文化，文明，因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。

6.

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.A.disinfectedB.scouredC.rinsedD.scratched正確答案：B[解析]近義詞辨析

A．disinfect給……消毒，使洗凈；B．scour沖洗，擦亮(尤指用粗糙的東西徹底地擦洗)；C．rinse漱口，漂凈；D．scratch擦，刮，而scrub表示用力擦洗(尤指用硬刷之類)，例：Shewasonherhandsandkneesscrubbingthefloor.(她趴在地上用力擦洗地板)

因此B為答案。

7.

Thelocalmedicalofficerreportedaseriousoutbreakoffoodpoisoning.A.breakthroughB.breakdownC.outburstD.outcome正確答案：C[解析]outburst“爆發(fā)”與outbreak“爆發(fā)，發(fā)作”意義相近。其他詞義分別為：breakthrough“突破”；breakdown“損壞，故障”和outcome“結(jié)果”。

8.

Shebustledaboutwithanassumptionofauthority.A.airB.suppositionC.appearanceD.face正確答案：A

9.

Ifminordisputesareleftunsettled,toughoneswillpileupsoonerorlater.A.accumulateB.vanishC.lingerD.emerge正確答案：A[解析]句中詞“pileup”表示“演變成、變化成”。A項(xiàng)“accumulate”表示“積累、堆積”，指經(jīng)過一段比較長的時(shí)間由少到多地積累；B項(xiàng)“vanish”表示“消失”；C項(xiàng)“l(fā)inger”表示“拖延”；D項(xiàng)“emerge”表示“出現(xiàn)”，一般指從陰暗處顯露。所以應(yīng)該選A。[譯文]如果小爭論沒有得到解決的話，那么遲早會(huì)演變成激烈的爭吵。

10.

Itdescribesauniquejoint-ventureindistanceeducationanddemonstratestheviableopportunitiesofglobaltele-educationtechniquesinanexcitingnewmarket.A.practicableB.militaryC.difficultD.comprehensive正確答案：A[解析]形容詞辨析viable能養(yǎng)活的，能生育的，可行的；A．practicable能實(shí)行的，行得通的，可執(zhí)行的；B．military軍事的，軍用的；C．difficult困難的，艱難的；D．comprehensive全面的，廣泛的；因此A為答案。

11.

Thejokekilledtheaudience.A.madetheaudiencelaughtodeathB.madetheaudienceunimaginativeC.madetheaudienceverypainfulD.madetheaudienceverynervous正確答案：C[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析Kill在本句中表示：令某人煩惱、傷心、關(guān)注(與annoy同義)；例：Itkillsmetoseehimworkingsohard.看到他工作那么辛苦我很擔(dān)心。A.madetheaudiencelanghtodeath使觀眾笑到死；B.madetheaudienceunimaginative使觀眾感到無趣；C.madetheaudienceverypainful令觀眾感到痛苦；D.madetheaudienceverynervous令觀眾感到緊張；因此C為答案。

12.

In1982,HitachiwasindictedforstealingconfidentialdocumentsfromIBM.Aspartofacourtsettlement,thecompanypaidIBMhundredsofmillionsofdollars.A.condemnedforB.accusedofC.disciplinedforD.disapprovedof正確答案：B[解析]本題中，indictedfor的意思是“被起訴”。B項(xiàng)的“accusedof被控告”符合題意，如：Thepoliceaccusedhimofstealing.(警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。)其他三項(xiàng)“condemnedfor被責(zé)難；disciplinedfor被訓(xùn)練；disapprovedof不贊成”都不正確。

13.

Publicrelationspracticeisthedeliberate,plannedandsustainedefforttoestablishandmaintainmutualunderstandingbetweenanorganizationanditspublic.A.completeB.relatedC.intentionalD.active正確答案：C[解析]形容詞辨析。

deliberate深思熟慮的，故意的；A．complete全部的，完成的；B．related敘述的，相關(guān)的；C．intentional有意圖的，故意的；D．a(chǎn)ctive積極的，主動(dòng)的：因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

14.

Anotablelawyerinourcity,themanisverybusy.A.liableB.practicableC.qualifiedD.celebrated正確答案：D[解析]celebrated“著名的”與notable“著名的”意義相同。其他詞義分別為：liable“易受影響的”；practicable“實(shí)際的”；qualified“有資格的”。

15.

Thecostofhealthcareandhealthinsuranceremainsthemosturgenthealthproblemfacingthecountrytoday.A.pressingB.importantC.neglectedD.complicated正確答案：A[解析]句中詞“urgent”表示“急迫的，緊急的”。A項(xiàng)“pressing”表示“緊迫的”；B項(xiàng)“important”表示“重大的，重要的”；C項(xiàng)“neglected”表示“被忽視的”；D項(xiàng)“complicated”表示“復(fù)雜的，難解的”。所以應(yīng)該選A。[譯文]現(xiàn)在，醫(yī)療保健和健康保險(xiǎn)的花費(fèi)仍然是國家所面臨的最緊迫的健康問題。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

Fewpleasurescallequalsuchofacookdrinkonahotday.A.thisB.allthisC.thatD.allthat正確答案：C[解析]句中劃線部分應(yīng)該是代詞來替代前面提到的pleasure。that和those若跟有介詞短語，可用來代表前面提到的東西，以避免重復(fù)，等于“the+前面那個(gè)名詞”。

2.

Fouryearsago,quittingtheartisticdirectorofAmericanBalletTheatre,BaryshnikovfoundtheWhiteOakDanceProject.A.havequitaswasfoundingB.havingquitashadfoundedC.beingquitasfoundedD.havingquitasfounded正確答案：D[解析]動(dòng)名詞“辭職”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞“創(chuàng)辦”之前，因此要用其完成時(shí)，而謂語動(dòng)詞“創(chuàng)辦”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在四年前，所以用一般過去時(shí)即可。答案為D。

3.

WhenIlastsawthem,thepolicehadchasedtherobbersdownColumbusStreet.A.werechasingB.waschasingC.chasedD.wereonachase正確答案：A[解析]時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用。

在由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的句子中，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是有先后次序的，如狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，本句表示過去正在做的動(dòng)作所以應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，又因主語thepolice即狀語中的them，所以謂語為復(fù)數(shù)，答案應(yīng)為A。

4.

wearedelightedtoestablishbusinessrelationshipwithyou.A.beestablishedB.establishingC.beestablishingD.haveestablished正確答案：D[解析]根據(jù)句義判斷，“和你們建立商務(wù)關(guān)系”表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，因此應(yīng)用不定式的完成式，因此D為答案。

5.

Allrootvegetablesgrowunderground,andnotallvegetablesthatgrowundergroundareroots.A.butB.orC.asD.thus正確答案：A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。

根據(jù)句意，前后兩句應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此連接詞應(yīng)是表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but，而不能用表示并列關(guān)系的and；因此選項(xiàng)A是答案。or表示“或”；as“當(dāng)……之時(shí)，隨著”；thus“因此，這樣”。

6.

Whenshereturnedbackbyabroad,shetoldusallaboutherexperienceasanillegalimmigrant.A.byB.backC.fromD.backfrom正確答案：C[解析]returnfrom(=goback)返回，如：Shereturned(home)fromaholiday.(她度假歸來。)

7.

Theseniorsenatorhasinthepastthreetermsbothexperiencedthesweettasteofsuccessandthebitternessofdefeatinhislegislationfightswithhisopponents.A.bothexperiencesB.experiencesbothC.experiencebothD.experiencedboth正確答案：D[解析]“both...and.”表示“既……又……”，both應(yīng)放在所修飾的詞thesweettasteofsuccess之前。

8.

Hemeanttellingusaboutit,butheforgottotellus.A.tobetellingB.tellingC.tohavetoldD.havingtold正確答案：C[解析]在此表示“忘記做某事”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。且動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)牛在謂語動(dòng)詞“忘記”這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，應(yīng)用tohavetoldus。因此C為答案。

9.

Watermakesupsome70percentagepointsofthebody,anddrinkingenoughwater—eithertapwaterorexpensivemineralwater—willensurethatthebodyisproperlylubricatedandflushed.A.percentB.percapitaC.percentD.percentage正確答案：C[解析]本題考查習(xí)慣搭配。句意為：水占了身體比例的70%，喝足夠的水——不管是自來水還是昂貴的礦泉水——都能確保身體的滋潤和興奮。percentagepoints“百分點(diǎn)”，百分之幾通常用“num+percent

of+noun”表示。所以，答案是C。

10.

TheaffluentmiddleclasscreatedbytheAsianboomnowtakeupoverfromexportsasthemainengineofgrowth.A.takeoverfromexportsB.takefromexportsC.takeexportsD.takesexports正確答案：D[解析]本題考查習(xí)慣搭配和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?！皌akesth.assth.”為固定用法，意為“把……看做”。themiddleclass是集合名詞，其作主語時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。所以，答案是D。

11.

Havingfinishedlunch,thecasewasdiscussed.A.theydiscussedthecaseB.theyhaddiscussedthecaseC.thecasewasdiscussedD.thecasehadbeendiscussed正確答案：A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。

現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句中主語一致。句中只能是they在discuss，分詞邏輯主語是they，句子主語也應(yīng)是they；所以選項(xiàng)C、D均不對(duì)；而前半句用的是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，所以選項(xiàng)A是答案。

12.

Thehard,outsurfaceofthetoothiscalledenamel.A.outsideB.appearanceC.outerD.hiding正確答案：C[解析]形容詞應(yīng)用。

outside和outer均有“外部的”意思。但outside一般指物體的外表或表面，而outer指一種相對(duì)性，即相對(duì)于內(nèi)部而言的外部或外表，

appearance外貌，外觀，hiding隱匿：在此指牙齒的外表面，是相對(duì)于內(nèi)部而言的，因此選項(xiàng)C為答案。

13.

Marthahasmadeuphermindtobuyherfavoritefurniture,disregardhowmuchmoneyshewouldpay.A.nomatterhowmuchitcostsB.nomatterhowmuchdoesitcostC.nomatterhowitcostsD.nomatterhowdoesitcost正確答案：A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用本句意為：Martha下決心不論她喜歡的家具有多貴也要買下來。因此首先排除選項(xiàng)C、D；另：劃線部分在句中作狀語從句，而不是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的疑問句，因此應(yīng)用陳述句式，答案為A。

14.

Properlightingisanecessaryforgoodeyesighteventhoughhumannightvisioncanbetemporarilyimpairedbyextremeflashesoflight.A.needfulB.necessityC.exigencyD.need正確答案：B[解析]本句意為：視力好需要有合適的照明，盡管人類的夜視偶爾會(huì)被極端的(過明或過暗)燈光的閃現(xiàn)削弱。所填之詞在句中作表語，又由a限定，應(yīng)填名詞。因此排除選項(xiàng)A，因是形容詞，表示：必要的，需要的。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為名詞：B．necessity必要性，需要，必需品(指為了生存所必需的)；C．exigency苛求，緊急(事件)；D．need需要，必需，必需品(指需要某事或某物，尤其是它們還沒發(fā)生或還無法利用)。因此B為答案。

15.

AmericanIndianlanguages,whichdifferwidely,tendedtogroupmanyunitsofmeaningintomultisyllabicwords.A.alltendB.andtendC.totendD.tending正確答案：A[解析]本題考查句子的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)楸揪涿枋鲆话悻F(xiàn)象，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。whichdifferwidely為插入語，不影響句子結(jié)構(gòu)；“and”不能用于連接主語和謂語，all作主語的同位語。所以，答案是A。

ⅡReadingComprehension

Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.

Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.

Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.

Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thisisnot,strictlyspeaking,cooperationatall,andhencethesomewhatcontradictorytermantagonisticcooperationissometimesusedforthisrelationship.1.

Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinParagraph1ofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowcooperationdiffersfromcompetitionandconflict.B.Toshowtheimportanceofgrouporganizationandattitudes.C.Toofferabriefdefinitionofcooperation.D.Tourgereaderstocooperatemoreoften.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一段“Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.”可知，此段主要是解釋Cooperation的定義，隨后又作了類比。所以，答案是C。

2.

Theunderlinedword"cherished"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.prizedB.basedonC.definedD.setup正確答案：A[解析]本題考查推理判斷。reachajointlycherishedgoal應(yīng)與or前performatask同義或近義。后者表示“完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，所以前者表示“達(dá)到一個(gè)共同______的目標(biāo)”。Prized“有價(jià)值的”，basedon“基于”，defined“定義”，setup“建立”。比較可知，答案是A。

3.

Intheprimarycooperation______.A.groupandindividualdon'thavetouniteB.thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachperson'slifeC.individualsworkforthemselvesD.peopledon'tvaluecooperation正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句及第二句“Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.”可知，答案是B。

4.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutprimarycooperationissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?A.Itwaslimitedinprehistorictimes.B.Itisusuallythefirststageofcooperationachievedbyagroupofindividualsattemptingtocooperate.C.Itisanidealthatcanneverbeachieved.D.Itismostcommonlyseenamongpeoplewhohavenotyetdevelopedreadingandwritingskills.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.”其中preliterate“文字出現(xiàn)以前的，尚未使用文字的”。所以，答案是D。

5.

Accordingtothepassage,whydopeoplejoingroupsthatpracticesecondarycooperation?A.Tosharethehappinesswithothers.B.Togetrewardsforthemselves.C.Toassociatewithpeoplewhohavesimilarbackgrounds.D.Todefeatacommonenemy.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.”可知，成員完成任務(wù)的目的是他們能分別享受到合作的成果，成果是以薪水、威望和權(quán)利的形式體現(xiàn)的。所以，答案是B。

6.

WhichofthefollowingisanexampleofthethirdformofcooperationasitisdefinedinParagraph4?A.Studentsformastudygroupsothatallofthemcanimprovetheirgrades.B.Anewbusinessattemptstotakecustomersawayfromanestablishedcompany.C.Tworivalpoliticalpartiestemporarilyworktogethertodefeatathirdparty.D.Membersofafanningcommunityshareworkandthefoodthattheygrow.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句和第三句“Inthethirdtype，calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;

itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.”可知，在第三級(jí)合作或遷就融合性合作中，在共同參與的工作背后存在著潛在的沖突。遷就融合性合作包括采用一致的手段去達(dá)到敵對(duì)的目的；而當(dāng)一致的手段無法使得各方達(dá)到自己目的時(shí)，這種合作就破裂了。內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)C“兩個(gè)競(jìng)爭的黨派會(huì)為了擊敗第三個(gè)黨而暫時(shí)合作”相符，所以答案是C。

7.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasanameforthethirdtypeofcooperation?A.Tertiarycooperation.B.Accommodation.C.Latentconflict.D.Antagonisticcooperation.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句及最后一句“Inthethirdtype,tertiarycooperationoraccommodation,

latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork...andhencethesomewhatcontradictorytermantagonisticcooperationissometimesusedforthisrelationship.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)在文中均有提及，只有C項(xiàng)沒有提到。因此，答案為C。

8.

Theunderlinedword"fragile"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.inefficientB.easilybrokenC.poorlyplannedD.involuntary正確答案：B[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)最后一段的“Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;

itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.”可知，因?yàn)閍nd前后連接并列成分，所以fragile和loose是近義詞。此外，此詞應(yīng)是loose的近義詞。由此得出此詞應(yīng)有“脆弱，松散”之意。fragile意為easilybroken，符合題意。因此，答案是B。

9.

Asusedthroughoutthepassage,theterm"common"isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.ordinary.B.shared.C.simple.D.popular.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句及第四段第三句可得出common應(yīng)表“共同的，分享的”，shared“共享的”。因此，答案為B。

10.

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoverallorganizationofthepassage?A.Theauthordescribesaconceptbyanalyzingitsthreeforms.B.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststwotypesofhumanrelations.C.Theauthorpresentsthepointsofviewofthreeexpertsonthesametopic.D.Theauthorprovidesanumberofconcreteexamplesandthendrawsaconclusion.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，第一段第一句給出了cooperation的定義，隨后又做了類比。后面三段則分別描述了cooperation的三個(gè)級(jí)別。因此，答案為A。

ThefactthatmostAmericansliveinurbanareasdoesnotmeanthattheyresideinthecenteroflargecities.Infact,moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.

TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs.

AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,whichstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.Ingeneral,anMSAisanyareathatcontainsacityanditssurroundingsuburbsandhasatotalpopulationof50,000ormore.

Atthepresenttime,theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheU.S.population.Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.Oneofthemostobviousmegapolisesincludesachainofhundredsofcitiesandsuburbsacross10statesontheEastCoastfromMassachusettstoVirginia,includingBoston,NewYork,andWashingtonD.C.IntheEasternCorridor,asitiscalled,apopulationof45millioninhabitantsisconcentrated.AnothermegapolisthatisgrowingrapidlyistheCaliforniacoastfromSanFranciscothroughLosAngelestoSanDiego.11.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MetropolitanStatisticalAreasB.TypesofPopulationCentersC.TheBureauoftheCensusD.Megapolises正確答案：B[解析]本題考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，A和D都是文章敘述的一部分，C是進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)的機(jī)構(gòu)，因而應(yīng)選B。

12.

Accordingtothepassage,wheredomostAmericanslive?A.Inthecenterofcities.B.Inthesuburbssurroundinglargecities.C.Inruralareas.D.Insmalltowns.正確答案：B[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“…moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.”可知，更多的美國人生活在大都市的郊區(qū)，metropolitan意為“大城市的”。所以，答案是B。

13.

Theunderlinedword"reside"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fillB.decideC.occupyD.live正確答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“ThefactthatmostAmericansliveinurbanareasdoesnotmeanthattheyresideinthecenteroflargecities.”可知，大多數(shù)美國人生活在城區(qū)并不意味著他們都居住在市中心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，reside應(yīng)和live是同義詞。reside“居住”；fill“填滿”；decide“決定”；occupy“占據(jù)”；live“生活”。所以，答案是D。

14.

AccordingtotheBureauoftheCensus,whatisanurbanarea?A.Achainofadjacentcities.B.Anareawithatleast50,000people.C.The18largestcities.D.Anareawith2,500peopleormore.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs.”可知，答案是D。

15.

WhichofthefollowingareNOTconsideredimportantindefininganurbanarea?A.Politicalboundaries.B.Transportationnetworks.C.Socialrelationships.D.Economicsystems.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第一句話“AccordingtotheBureau，thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.”可知，統(tǒng)計(jì)局認(rèn)為，與社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系和交通通信系統(tǒng)相比，政治界限不太重要。據(jù)此可知，答案是A。

16.

Theunderlinedword"integrate"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.benefitB.defineC.uniteD.restrict正確答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)語境可知，社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系和交通通信系統(tǒng)可以將一個(gè)場(chǎng)所聯(lián)系起來。Integrate“使成整體，使一體化”；benefit“受益于”；define“下定義”；unite聯(lián)合，團(tuán)結(jié)；restrict“限制，約束”。所以，答案是C。

17.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AnintegratedmetropolisisanMSA．B.MSAstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.C.Ametropolisincludesatleastametropolitan.D.AnMSAreferstocityanditssuburbs,withover50,000people.正確答案：C[解析]本題考查是非判斷。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,whichstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.Ingeneral,anMSAisanyareathatcontainsacityanditssurroundingsuburbsandhasatotalpopulationof50,0000rmore.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)在文中一一提到，均正確。只有C項(xiàng)在文中沒有相關(guān)支持信息，故不正確。所以，答案是C。

18.

Theunderlinedword"adjacent"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.besideeachotherB.growingveryfastC.thesamesizeD.denselypopulated正確答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知，megapolises是連續(xù)的毗鄰的都市地區(qū)。Adjacent“鄰近的，接近的”．besideeachother“靠邊”；growingveryfast“發(fā)展迅速”；thesamesize“一樣大”；denselypopulated“人口密集”。據(jù)此可知，答案是A。

19.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisamegapolis?A.Oneofthe10largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.B.Oneofthe18largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.C.Oneofthe100citiesbetweenBostonandWashington.D.Anynumberofcontinuousadjacentcitiesandsuburbs.正確答案：D[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“Inaddition，theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.”可知，答案是D。

20.

WhydoestheauthormentiontheEasternCorridorandtheCaliforniacoastinParagraph4?A.Asexamplesofmegapolises.B.Because75percentofthepopulationlivesthere.C.Toconcludethepassage.D.TheBureauoftheCensusislocatedthere.正確答案：A[解析]本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段的“theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheU.S.population”，可知75%的人住在MSA,但不單是theEasternCorridor,Califomiacoast地區(qū)，因而排除B；第四段是對(duì)megapolis的介紹，不是對(duì)文章的總結(jié)，排除C；D項(xiàng)在文中并未提及。

Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight,youwouldfindthefollowingmorningthatitwasstillexactlywhereyouhadleftit,providednobodyhadmovedit.Ifaballismadetorollonaverysmoothsurface,itwillrollalongdistanceunlesssomethingstopsitorchangesitsdirection.ThistendencyofanobjecttoremainatrestunlesssomethingmovesitandtocontinuemovingunlesssomethingstopsitisknownastheLawofInertia.

Thefollowingexamplesshowthetruthofthislaw.

a.Putatable-clothonatableandarrangeapileofbooksonit.Holdoneedgeofthetable-clothandpullitquickly.Thetable-clothwillcomeoff,leavingthepileofbooksundisturbed.

b.Placeasmallpieceofcardboardonanopenjarandplaceacoinonitdirectlyoveritsmouth.Useonefingertoflickthepieceofcardboardaway.Youwillnoticethatthecoindropsintothejar.

c.Sittinginacarwhichstartssuddenly,youfeelyouarejerkedbackwards.Infact,youarenotjerkedbackwards.Yourlowerhalf,whichisincontactwiththecushion,isforcedtomoveforwardwiththecar,andtheupperpartofyourbody,whichremainedatrest,isleftbehind.21.

Abookputonthetableovernightwould______thefollowingmorning.A.notbefoundagainB.notbetouchedagainC.stayexactlywhereitwasleftD.beprovidedtosomeoneelse正確答案：C[解析]

細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見第一段第一句：Ifyouleftyourbookonthetableovernight，youwouldfindthefollowingmorningthatitwasstillexactlywhereyouhadleftit，providednobodyhadmovedit.

22.

Aballwithasmoothsurfacemadetorollonaverysmoothsurfacewould______A.removeitssurfaceB.meetsomeobjectsC.rollalongdistanceD.changeitsdirection正確答案：C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。

見第一段第二句：Ifaballismadetorollonaverysmoothsurface，itwillrollalongdistanceunlesssomethingstopsitorchangesitsdirection．

23.

Inthispassage,inertiameans______A.asituationinwhichnoactionistakenB.asituationinwh