03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)第一節(jié)總論第二節(jié)中軸骨連結(jié)第三節(jié)附肢骨連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)總論骨與骨之間借纖維結(jié)締組織、軟骨或骨相連，形成骨連結(jié)。按骨連結(jié)的不同方式，分為：

¤直接連結(jié)

¤間接連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)直接連接纖維連結(jié)軟骨連結(jié)骨性結(jié)合January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong韌帶連結(jié)如椎骨棘突之間的棘間韌帶縫如顱骨矢狀縫、冠狀縫纖維軟骨聯(lián)合透明軟骨結(jié)合椎骨之間的椎間盤幼兒蝶骨和枕骨之間的蝶枕結(jié)合骶椎之間的骨性結(jié)合03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)間接連結(jié)也稱關(guān)節(jié)、滑膜關(guān)節(jié)?；緲?gòu)造：關(guān)節(jié)面

關(guān)節(jié)囊

外層纖維膜內(nèi)層滑膜

關(guān)節(jié)腔

負壓

密閉

January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)的輔助結(jié)構(gòu)韌帶：囊外韌帶、囊內(nèi)韌帶

關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)軟骨：關(guān)節(jié)盤和關(guān)節(jié)唇滑膜襞和滑膜囊January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)的運動移動

屈和伸：背屈、跖屈

收和展

旋轉(zhuǎn)：旋內(nèi)、旋外、旋前、旋后

環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)中軸骨連結(jié)一、軀干骨的連結(jié)二、顱骨的連結(jié)(一)脊柱(二)胸廓(一)纖維連結(jié)(二)軟骨連結(jié)(三)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)軀干骨的連結(jié)軀干骨的24塊椎骨、1塊骶骨和1塊尾骨借骨連接形成脊柱vertebral

column

，構(gòu)成人體的中軸，上承托顱，下接下肢骨。12塊胸椎、12對肋和胸骨和它們之間的骨連接構(gòu)成胸廓thoraciccage。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)軀干骨的連結(jié)—脊柱椎骨間的連結(jié)：椎體間的連接：椎弓間連結(jié)：

January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong椎體連結(jié)椎弓間連結(jié)椎間盤前縱韌帶后縱韌帶黃韌帶棘間韌帶棘上韌帶橫突間韌帶關(guān)節(jié)突關(guān)節(jié)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong椎間盤和關(guān)節(jié)突腰椎上面觀03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)軀干骨的連結(jié)—脊柱脊柱的整體脊柱前面觀脊柱后面觀脊柱側(cè)面觀January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)軀干骨的連結(jié)—胸廓January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong◆肋椎關(guān)節(jié)

◆胸肋關(guān)節(jié)

◆胸廓的整體觀及其運動03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong肋頭關(guān)節(jié)肋椎關(guān)節(jié)肋橫突關(guān)節(jié)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong胸肋關(guān)節(jié)

胸廓整體觀03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)顱骨的連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong縫冠狀縫矢狀縫人字縫蝶頂縫成年前的蝶枕、蝶巖、巖枕軟骨結(jié)合等纖維連結(jié)軟骨連結(jié)隨著年齡增長都先后骨化成為骨性結(jié)合03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)顱骨的滑膜關(guān)節(jié)為顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)，又稱下頜關(guān)節(jié)，由下頜骨的下頜頭與顳骨的下頜窩和關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)節(jié)構(gòu)成。關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)有纖維軟骨構(gòu)成的關(guān)節(jié)盤，將關(guān)節(jié)腔分為上、下兩部分。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)滑膜關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)附肢骨連結(jié)一、上肢骨的連結(jié)二、下肢骨的連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong上肢帶的連結(jié)自由上肢骨的連結(jié)下肢帶的連結(jié)自由下肢骨的連結(jié)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)上肢帶連結(jié)①胸鎖關(guān)節(jié)

鎖骨的胸骨端與胸骨的鎖切跡及第一肋軟骨的上面構(gòu)成，屬多軸關(guān)節(jié)。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong②肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)③喙肩韌帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)

（一）肩關(guān)節(jié)構(gòu)成：肱骨頭與肩胛骨關(guān)節(jié)盂。運動：為全身最靈活的關(guān)節(jié)。冠狀軸—屈和伸矢狀軸—收和展垂直軸—旋內(nèi)和旋外、環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)運動。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)—肩關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)—肩關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)

（二）肘關(guān)節(jié)構(gòu)成：肱骨下端與尺、橈骨上端。January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)—肘關(guān)節(jié)包括三個關(guān)節(jié)：肘關(guān)節(jié)的韌帶：January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong肱尺關(guān)節(jié)肱橈關(guān)節(jié)橈尺近側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)橈側(cè)副韌帶尺側(cè)副韌帶橈骨環(huán)狀韌帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong自由上肢骨連結(jié)肘關(guān)節(jié)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)—肘關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)橈腕關(guān)節(jié)腕骨間關(guān)節(jié)腕掌關(guān)節(jié)掌骨間關(guān)節(jié)掌指關(guān)節(jié)指骨間關(guān)節(jié)自由上肢骨連結(jié)（三）手關(guān)節(jié)手關(guān)節(jié)包括：January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)—腕關(guān)節(jié)構(gòu)成：典型的橢圓關(guān)節(jié)。特點：關(guān)節(jié)囊松弛，關(guān)節(jié)的前、后和兩側(cè)均有韌帶加強。關(guān)節(jié)具有關(guān)節(jié)軟骨—關(guān)節(jié)盤。運動：冠狀軸—屈和伸矢狀軸—收和展垂直軸—環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)運動January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong手舟骨、月骨和三角骨的近側(cè)關(guān)節(jié)面橈骨的腕關(guān)節(jié)面和尺骨頭下方的關(guān)節(jié)盤關(guān)節(jié)頭關(guān)節(jié)窩03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由上肢骨連結(jié)—腕關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)下肢帶連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong骶髂關(guān)節(jié)髖骨與脊柱間的韌帶連結(jié)恥骨聯(lián)合髖骨的固有韌帶骨盆03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)下肢帶連結(jié)—骶髂關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong由骶骨和髂骨的耳狀面構(gòu)成。其關(guān)節(jié)囊有骶髂前、后韌帶加強。03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)下肢帶連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髖骨與脊柱間的韌帶連結(jié)髂腰韌帶骶結(jié)節(jié)韌帶骶棘韌帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)下肢帶連結(jié)—恥骨聯(lián)合January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)下肢帶連結(jié)—骨盆January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong大骨盆小骨盆03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)下肢帶連結(jié)

—骨盆January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong骨盆的性差骨盆的力傳導(dǎo)方向03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)

（一）髖關(guān)節(jié)構(gòu)成：髖臼與股骨頭，屬于球窩關(guān)節(jié)。運動：冠狀軸—屈和伸矢狀軸—收和展垂直軸—旋內(nèi)和旋外、環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)運動January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)—髖關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)—髖關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)—髖關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)—髖關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髂股韌帶股骨頭韌帶恥股韌帶坐股韌帶輪匝帶03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)

（二）膝關(guān)節(jié)構(gòu)成：股骨下端、脛骨上端和髕骨，人體最復(fù)雜的關(guān)節(jié)。運動：冠狀軸—屈和伸，半屈膝關(guān)節(jié)時可作輕度旋轉(zhuǎn)。主要的韌帶January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong髕韌帶腓側(cè)副韌帶脛側(cè)副韌帶腘斜韌帶膝交叉韌帶髕上囊髕下深囊內(nèi)側(cè)和外側(cè)半月板特有的結(jié)構(gòu)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong膝關(guān)節(jié)03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)自由下肢骨連結(jié)—膝關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)脛、腓兩骨的上端—脛腓關(guān)節(jié)—脛、腓兩骨干—小腿骨間膜脛、腓兩骨的下端—韌帶連結(jié)—自由下肢骨連結(jié)

（三）脛腓連結(jié)脛骨外側(cè)髁腓骨頭脛腓前、后韌帶January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)距小腿關(guān)節(jié)跗骨間關(guān)節(jié)跗跖關(guān)節(jié)跖骨間關(guān)節(jié)跖趾關(guān)節(jié)趾骨間關(guān)節(jié)自由下肢骨連結(jié)

（四）足關(guān)節(jié)January07Copyright?Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.

AllrightsreservedbyProf.YPHouandYFSong足關(guān)節(jié)的水平切面03.關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)