Grammar

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能比較

todo的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

-ingform的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式

-ingform與pp的區(qū)別獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：

在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，叫做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；在句子中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.

Seeingisbelieving.

Thebuildingbuiltisquitesatisfactory.Pleasestopspeaking.（謂語(yǔ)）（謂語(yǔ)）（狀語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)）2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)不定式(todo)

分詞動(dòng)名詞（doing）

注意：havingdone/havingbeendone不作定語(yǔ)beingdone不作狀語(yǔ)todo/tobedonetobedoingtohavedone/tohavebeendonetohavebeendoing一般式/一般式的被動(dòng)進(jìn)行式完成式/完成式的被動(dòng)完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞done

既表被動(dòng)又表完成一般式/一般式的被動(dòng)完成式/完成式的被動(dòng)doing/beingdonehavingdone/havingbeendone主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)todo-ingformpp(done)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能比較eg.Ilikeskating,butIdon’tliketoskatetoday.

Playingwithfireisdangerous.Lookout！Toplaywithfireisdangerous.主語(yǔ)todo表示具體的動(dòng)作，

-ingform表示泛指的動(dòng)作。2.不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用it

作形式主語(yǔ)。

Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.

Itmademeveryhappytohearhertalkaboutit.【注意1】Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（for引出動(dòng)作發(fā)出者）（of引出adj

修飾的對(duì)象）主語(yǔ)Itisnouse/good/useless/fundoing…【注意2】Itisgreatfunsailingaboat.但I(xiàn)tisworthwhile+doing/todo都可Itiseasyfor

metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorfor

ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykind

ofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意：常用在of

句型中的adj有：kind,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,naughty,polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等＝Y(jié)ouareverykindtogivemesomehelp.

＝Y(jié)ouareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.

主語(yǔ)Theofficersnarrowlyescaped_____inthehotbattle.

A.havekilled

B.tokill

C.tobekilled

D.beingkilledDon’tyouremember_____themanbefore?

A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.tohaveseen“Haveyoudecidedwhen_____?”

“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”

A.tobeleaving

B.toleave

C.willyouleaveD.areyouleavingShe_____mewhenIpassedby.A.didn’tpretendtoseeB.pretendednotseeingC.pretendednottoseeD.pretendedtohavenotseen賓語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)

注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．

小結(jié)：find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.MyteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.考點(diǎn)一:

demand,want,expect,promise,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,decide,prepare,pretend,wish,afford

等+todoEg.老板要求被告訴一切。Eg.Thebossdemandedtobetoldeverything.

考點(diǎn)二:

admit，appreciate，avoid，consider,delay,deny,enjoy，escape,excuse，face，feellike，finish，forgive，fancy（想到）giveup,imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，pardon,practise，putoff，resist,risk，suggest，can’thelp，can’tstand(無(wú)法忍受)等+doing賓語(yǔ)

like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend+doing/todo意義無(wú)區(qū)別考點(diǎn)三：forget，remember，regret，goon，mean，stop，try

等動(dòng)詞可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。

Irememberdoingtheexercise.

Imustremembertodoit.

Imeantocomeearlytoday.

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour．我記得做過(guò)練習(xí)．

我必須記得去做這事．我打算今早些來(lái)．誤了這趟火車(chē)意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)．賓語(yǔ)

regrettosay/tell/inform…遺憾要regretdoing/havingdone后悔做過(guò)考點(diǎn)四：

allow，advise，forbid，permit+doing

allow，advise，forbid，permit+sbtodo

beallowed/advised/forbidden/permitted+todo

Wedon’tallow__________here.

Wedon'tallowstudents___________.Studentsarenotallow____________.smokingtosmoke賓語(yǔ)

tosmoke

考點(diǎn)五：在短語(yǔ)pay/drawattentionto,

devote…to，lookforwardto，stickto,beusedto，objectto，getdownto,be(kept)busy，beworth,havedifficulty／trouble／problem(in)，haveagood／wonderful／hardtime(in)+doing考點(diǎn)六：動(dòng)詞need，require，want

作“需要”解，

+doing（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）

tobedoneThewindowrequires_____________._____________.

cleaningtobecleaned賓語(yǔ)

考點(diǎn)七bewellworth名詞doing(主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思)beworthytobedoneofbeingdoneof+名詞賓語(yǔ)Thisplaceis

worthworthyavisitvisitingtobevisitedofavisitbeingvisited1.Thestorywas___,wewereall____.

A.moving,movingB.moved,movedC.moving,movedD.moved,moving2.Thereisa___expressiononhisface.Maybetheproblemistoodifficultforhim.A.puzzledB.puzzlingC.puzzleD.topuzzle3.Withhissontoo___,thefatherwassad.A.disappointedB.disappointing定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)doing作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)表令人…done表人感到…eg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.正在被Heattendedthemeetingheld

yesterday.已被

Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheld

將要被tomorrow.2.表示被修飾詞的內(nèi)容時(shí)，用todo.eg.Shehasastrongwishtogotocollege.theway/chance/ability/right/willingnesstodo但chance/wayof+doing1.從時(shí)態(tài)上看，-ingform表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,pp表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,todo表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。定語(yǔ)3.當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)用todo作定語(yǔ)Eg.I’mthefirstwomantotravelacrosstheAntarctic.定語(yǔ)Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Shehasasmallandcoldroom

tolivein.

注意：todo在該結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)不定式后有介詞時(shí)介詞保留

動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

diningcar livingroom typingpaper waitingroomwashingmachine注：動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的用途定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)peoplediningtherelivingtheretypingtheletter

….現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)多表示修飾的名詞正在發(fā)出該動(dòng)作Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair_____againstyourface.

A.moved

B.moving

C.moves

D.tomoveTheywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.

A.toriskgoing

B.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingDon’tleavethewater__whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)eg.Ifoundhim__________themoney.(steal)Ifoundthemoney____________.Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself_______________byanoldlady.(lookafter)IoftenhearMary_________thisEnglishsong.-ingform與賓語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；

pp與賓語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；

(to)do只單純表示一個(gè)事實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)stealingstolen

beinglookedaftersing

注意2：在feel，hear，listento，lookat，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make

等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但是這些句中如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。

注意1：

ask,advise,allow,permit,get,beg,cause,command,order,force,encourage,instruct,remind,warn,want,wish,expect,prefer,wouldlike,callon,dependon,askfor,waitfor,

help

+sbtodoIoftenhearhimsingthesong．

Heisoftenheardtosingthesong·

補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

注意3：catch,keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,send,fancy（想到）+sbdoing例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.We’dbetterkeepthefireburning.Idon’tmindyoujoking.Ilikeit.Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble.Idon’trememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat.Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously.Canyousmellsomethingburning?Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground.

補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Heapologizedforthere_______somemisunderstandingbetweenus.Hedoesn'tallowthere________anymistakesinhiswork.Canyouimaginethere_________livingthingsonthemoon?tobebeingbeing作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：-ing/pp表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨情況等等,eg.Theyworkedhardtopayforthenecklace.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Iamgladtoseeyou.todo

表示1.目的;2.結(jié)果—表示出人預(yù)料的情況或結(jié)果。常用only強(qiáng)調(diào)。

3.原因—表示造成情感變化的原因。目的結(jié)果原因狀語(yǔ)但Heisbusywritinganovel,onlystopping

tosmokeacigaretteonceinawhile.only(僅僅)+doing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Inordertopasstheexam，heworkedveryhard．

Weranallthewaysoasnottobelate．

2.

在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。

Iamverygladtohearit.

Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）．

3.too+adj/adv+todo作狀語(yǔ)Heistoooldtodothat．

4.enough+adj/adv+todo作狀語(yǔ)Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus．

1.目的狀語(yǔ):inorderto或soastotodo

作狀語(yǔ)的其它幾種情況:5.so/such…astodo表結(jié)果Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Iamnotsuchafoolastobelieveyou.-ingform與pp作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))與過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ),

表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。

When

leaving

the

airport,

they

waved

againand

again

to

us.United,westand;divided,wefall.

(=When/Ifweareunited…)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Climbing

to

the

top

of

the

tower,

we

saw

a

magnificent

view.(1)表示時(shí)間(2)表示原因

Being

sick,

I

stayed

at

home.She

caught

cold

sitting

on

the

grass.(3)表示條件Adopting

this

method,

we

will

raise

the

average

yield（產(chǎn)量）

by

40

percent.Wewillnotattackunlessattacked.Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgo.注意1：連詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用他們的一般式既doing和done但也有asif+todo(4)表示讓步Admitting

what

she

has

said,

I

still

think

that

she

hasn't

tried

herbest.(5)表示結(jié)果It

rained

heavily,

causing

severe

flooding

in

that

country.It

rained

for

two

weeks

on

end,

completely

ruining

our

holiday.(6)表示方式或伴隨情況He

ran

up

to

her

breathing

heavily.Please

fill

in

the

form,

giving

your

name,addressSurroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom.With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(With)theboy_________theway,Ihavenodifficultyinfindingthevillage.(With)nobody___________toforhelp,hefelthopeless.(With)thework____________,theycanrelaxth