Unit4SpaceExploration單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解InthefuturewemightlivesomewhereotherthanEarth,likeMars.Somepeopleaskhowthiswillbepossible.Well,Marsisinfactalotthesameastheearth.Thedaysarealmostthesameasthoseontheearth.However,thetwoplanetsvaryintemperature.SincethereismostlycarbondioxideonMars,itwouldbequitedifficultforahumantojustlandonit.So,specialtypesofhomesandspacesuitshavetobedesigned.Thespacesuitsshouldbealmostliketheonesastronautsusenow,andexceptthattheyhavetobewarmersothattheastronautscansurvivethecoldtemperatures.Thespacesuitsmustalsobeabletowithstand(承受)highpressureandpotentiallydangerousradiationthatcankill.Thehousesshouldbesimilartoourhomestodaywithaslightdifference.Allofthehousesandotherbuildingsshouldbebuiltinsidealargedome(圓頂狀物)orbubble.Thedomesshouldbemadeoutofglass,andwouldalsobeabletopreventradiationfromaffectingthepeopleinside.Thedomeswillbeconnectedtoamachine(likeplantswhichturncarbondioxideintooxygen)．WithMars'populationgrowing,howwouldthepeopleonitssurfacegetfreshfoodandwater?Justlikehumansusedomes,theycanalsousedomestogrowplants.However,thedomeswheretheplantsaregrownmustbebuilttoexpand.Onceweupgradethedomestoalargersizethenwecangrowmorefoodbycultivating(種植)moreplants.Togetthefoodordomeinconnectionwithotherdomes,therewillbelongnarrowtunnelslikeroadsthatconnecttoeachdomeseparatingthembyseveraldoorssothatthepressureineachdomecanremainthesame.OnMars,somanyotherthingsareavailabletous.Ashumans,wecanhaveaccesstorareandfairlyexpensivemetalsthataren'tveryeasytogetholdofonEarth,andacolonyonMarsenhances(提高)ourchancesoffindingthesemetals.SowhensomeonehereonEarthsaysthatgoingtoMarsisimpossible,pleasetellthemthatthey'llneverknowituntiltheytryandtheymaytryverysoon.Afterallit'sourfuture.WhynotmakeitonMars?本文為說明文。文章介紹了目前人類對火星的探索。1．ItisdifficultforhumanstoliveonMarsbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPT________.A．toomuchradiation B．coldtemperatureC．lackofenoughoxygen D．lackofhouses答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的描述可知，火星上大部分是二氧化碳、天氣也極其寒冷、氣壓很高、還存在可能致命的危險輻射，這些都是人類很難在火星上生活的原因。唯獨沒有提到“房屋的缺少”的問題。故D選項正確。2．OneofthereasonswhyweareeagertoexploreMarsmaybethat______.A．wecanfindrareandexpensivemetalsthereeasilyB．we'llgettooboredtoliveontheearthinthefutureC．ourtechnologywillbecomemuchadvancedD．wewanttoknowmoreabouttheunknownworld答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Ashumans,wecanhaveaccesstorareandfairlyexpensivemetalsthataren'tveryeasytogetholdofonEarth,andacolonyonMarsenhances(提高)ourchancesoffindingthesemetals.(作為人類，我們可以獲得稀有且相當(dāng)昂貴的金屬，而這些金屬在地球上并不容易獲得，而在火星上的殖民地增加了我們找到這些金屬的機會)可知，我們渴望探索火星的原因之一可能是我們可以很容易地在那里找到稀有和昂貴的金屬。故A選項正確。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslivingonMars?A．Pessimistic. B．Uncertain.C．Optimistic. D．Opposed.答案：C解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的SowhensomeonehereonEarthsaysthatgoingtoMarsisimpossible,pleasetellthemthatthey'llneverknowituntiltheytryandtheymaytryverysoon.Afterallit'sourfuture.WhynotmakeitonMars?(所以當(dāng)?shù)厍蛏嫌腥苏f去火星是不可能的，請告訴他們，他們永遠(yuǎn)不會知道，直到他們嘗試，他們可能很快就會嘗試。畢竟這是我們的未來。為什么不在火星上創(chuàng)造呢？)可知，作者對在火星上居住的想法是樂觀的。故C選項正確。Ⅱ.七選五Whyplaysports?Youmightsay“togetexercise”andyou'dberight.Tohavefun?That'strue,too.Butthere'smore.__1__AccordingtotheWomen'sSportsFoundation,girlswhoplaysportsgetalotmorethanjustfit.Girlswhoplaysportsdobetterinschool.Youmightthinkthatathleticswilltakeupallyourstudytime.__2__Exerciseimproveslearning,memory,andconcentration,whichcangiveactivegirlsanadvantageintheclassroom.Girlswhoplaysportslearnteamworkandgoal-settingskills.__3__Whenworkingwithcoaches,trainers,andteammatestowingamesandachievegoals,you'relearninghowtobesuccessful.Thoseskillswillserveyouwellatworkandinfamilylife.Sportsaregoodforagirl'shealth.Inadditiontobeingfitandkeepingahealthyweight,girlswhoplaysportsarealsolesslikelytosmoke.Andlaterinlife,girlswhoexercisearelesslikelytogetbreastcancerorosteoporosis(骨質(zhì)疏松癥)．Playingsportsimprovesself-confidence.__4__Why?Itbuildsconfidencewhenyouknowyoucanpractice,improve,andachieveyourgoals.Sportsarealsoafeel-goodactivitybecausetheyhelpgirlsgetinshape,keepahealthyweight,andmakenewfriends.__5__Playingsportscanreducestressandhelpyoufeelalittlehappier.How?Thebrainchemicalsreleasedduringexerciseimproveaperson'smood.Friendsareanothermood-lifter.Andbeinginateamcreatestightbondsbetweenfriends.It'sgoodtoknowyourteammateswillsupportyou—bothonandoffthefield!A．Exercisecutsthepressure.B．Sportsteachvaluablelifeskills.C．Regularexerciseincreasesqualityoflife.D．Infact,thereareatleastfivemorereasons.E．Girlswhoplaysportsfeelbetteraboutthemselves.F．Playingsportsofferschildrenmorethanjustphysicalbenefits.G．Butresearchshowsthatgirlswhoplaysportsdobetterinschoolthanthosewhodon't.本文講述女孩為什么要進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。體育鍛煉益處多多。喜歡運動，身體棒棒，遠(yuǎn)離疾病。1．D解析：根據(jù)上句“但原因有更多”可知D項Infact,thereareatleastfivemorereasons.(事實上至少有五種理由。)符合題意，故選D。2．G解析：根據(jù)空格前一句“你可能認(rèn)為在學(xué)校里鍛煉會占用學(xué)習(xí)時間”可知此空要表達(dá)的意思是：但研究表明，參加體育運動的女孩在學(xué)校比那些不運動的女孩有更優(yōu)秀的表現(xiàn)。故選G。3．B解析：根據(jù)空格下一句“在你和教練、訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)師以及隊員一起合作努力贏得比賽和實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的過程中，你會學(xué)會如何獲得成功”可知此空的意思是：體育運動可以教會你寶貴的生活技巧。故選B。4．E解析：根據(jù)空格前“運動能夠提升自信”?？芍丝盏囊馑际牵哼\動的女孩會自我感覺更加良好。故選E。5．A解析：根據(jù)空格下一句“運動能減少壓力，幫助你更開心”可知此空的意思是：鍛煉能減少壓力。故選A。Ⅲ.完形填空MacArthur'sloveforsailingdatesbacktowhenshewasjust4yearsold,whenshefirstgottheopportunitytohaveatryonaboat.“Itkindof__1__methatthisboathadeverythingweneededtotakeusanywhereintheworld.Andasachild，thatopenedupeverythingandmademefeelthegreatestsenseof__2__，”sheexplained.Thisexperience__3__apassionwithinMacArthurthatshewantedtosailaroundtheworld.Growingupinthecountryside.shehadnoideahowto__4__it.However,sheknewthatwaswhatshewantedtodoatsomestage.Sosheacquiredknowledgeand__5__foryearstoseekherdreaminsailing.Havingmerelypotatoesandbeanseverydayforeightyears,she__6__couldaffordtherightequipment.Byreachingsuch__7__goalsandaskingtechnicalquestionsabout__8__，MacArthurfeltasthoughshewasgetting__9__toherambition.“Theimpossiblecouldbepossibleand__10__highisnotnecessarilysuchacrazythingtodo.”shesaid.AnditseemsthatMacArthur's__11__tobecomeasailorwentbeyondherexpectations.Attheageof24,shestartedto__12__mediaattentionafterwinningthesecondplaceintheVendeeGlobe,asingle-handednon-stopyacht(帆船)racethatwentaroundtheworld.Fouryearslater,MacArthurchosetosailfor71daysand14hours,__13__morethan26,000miles.Thisledtoherscoringanewrecord.__14__thisrecordhassincebeensurpassed(超過)，MacArthurisstillconsideredasBritain'smostsuccessfuloffshoreracer.Sowhenyouknowwhereyou'regoing,youcanactuallygetthere—evenifitseems__15__！本文為傳記類記敘文。4歲時候的一次航海經(jīng)歷點燃了麥克阿瑟想環(huán)游世界的激情，她最終實現(xiàn)了夢想，把不可能變成了可能。1．A.benefited B．struckC．taught D．treated答案：B解析：考查固定短語搭配。句意：我突然想到，這艘船擁有帶我們到世界任何地方所需要的一切。Itstrikes/strucksb.that...為固定句型，意為“某人突然想到某事”，故選B。2．A.wonder B．magicC．direction D．freedom答案：D解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.wonder奇跡；B.magic魔術(shù)；C.direction方向；D.freedom自由。這一切讓McArthur開闊了眼界，感受到了極大的自由感。故選D。3．A.lighted B．leftC．carried D．invented答案：A解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.lighted點燃；B.left離開；C.carried攜帶；D.invented發(fā)明。這次經(jīng)歷點燃了她想環(huán)游世界的激情。故選A。4．A.approach B．gainC．a(chǎn)chieve D．forget答案：C解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.approach接近；B.gain獲得；C.achieve達(dá)到；D.forget忘記。她想要環(huán)游世界，從小長在鄉(xiāng)下的她不知道如何做到這一點。故選C。5．A.madeup B．savedupC．turnedup D．pickedup答案：B解析：考查動詞短語辨析。A.madeup編造；B.savedup積攢；C.turnedup出現(xiàn)；D.pickedup撿起。她為此獲取知識，積蓄了多年。故選B。6．A.eventually B．fortunatelyC．gradually D．definitely答案：A解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。A.eventually最終；B.fortunately幸運地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.definitely明確地。省吃儉用很多年，她終于買了裝備。故選A。7．A.personal B．financialC．final D．a(chǎn)cademic答案：B解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.personal個人的；B.financial經(jīng)濟(jì)的；C.final最終；D.academic學(xué)術(shù)的。八年簡樸的生活，只吃豆類和土豆，她終于攢夠了錢購買合適的裝備。所以是實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)性的目標(biāo)。故選B。8．A.school B．sailingC．driving D．business答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.school上學(xué)；B.sailing航海；C.driving開車；D.business生意。這里指做好經(jīng)濟(jì)上的和關(guān)于航海知識上的儲備，McArthur想要航海，所以此處是詢問航海技術(shù)問題。故選B。9．A.further B．deeperC．closer D．smarter答案：C解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.further遠(yuǎn)離；B.deeper更深；C.closer更近；D.smarter更聰明。麥克阿瑟覺得她離自己的追求越來越近了。故選C。10．A.working B．designingC．meaning D．a(chǎn)iming答案：D解析：考查動名詞詞義辨析。A.working工作；B.designing設(shè)計；C.meaning意味著；D.aiming目標(biāo)是。句意：不可能的事也可能發(fā)生，把目標(biāo)定得高并不一定是一件瘋狂的事情。小時候想要環(huán)游世界的夢想對她來說是一件目標(biāo)很高的事情。故選D。11．A.lesson B．mindC．confidence D．plan答案：D解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.lesson教訓(xùn)；B.mind主意；C.confidence自信；D.plan計劃。麥克阿瑟想成為一名航海員的計劃似乎超出了她的預(yù)期。故選D。12．A.accept B．receiveC．enjoy D．keep答案：B解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.accept接受；B.receive獲得；C.enjoy欣賞；D.keep保持。她開始受到媒體的關(guān)注，故選B。13．A.including B．reachingC．covering D．floating答案：C解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.including包括；B.reaching達(dá)到；C.covering覆蓋；行走(一段路程)；D.floating漂浮。四年后，麥克阿瑟選擇航行71天14小時，航程超過26000英里。故選C。14．A.After B．WhenC．Whether D．While答案：D解析：考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這一紀(jì)錄已經(jīng)被打破，麥克阿瑟仍然被認(rèn)為是英國最成功的海上賽手。故選D。15．A.impossible B．constantC．valuable D．a(chǎn)vailable答案：A解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.impossible不可能；B.constant經(jīng)常的；C.valuable有價值的；D.available可獲得的。句意：所以當(dāng)你知道你要去哪里的時候，你就能到達(dá)那里，即使這看起來是不可能的！故選A。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Althoughsomepeopledon'tlikeusingautomatichanddryersinrestrooms,itmayactuallybearguedthatmotion-sensinghanddryersareapracticalalternativetopapertowels.Ibelievethatourschoolwouldbenefitfrominvestinginautomatichanddryersinalltherestrooms.Firstofall,theautomatichanddryerisverysanitary(衛(wèi)生的).Insteadofpullingonalever(手柄)touchedbyalargenumberofstudents,userscanjuststicktheirhandsundertheairdryer.Nobacteriacangetonthembecausethereisnothingtotouch.Kidswouldn'tgetsickfromthepapertoweldispensers(紙巾盒)．Inaddition,iftheschoolbuysautomatichanddryers,wecansavemoney.Thereisaterriblewasteofpapertowelsintherestrooms.Studentscontinuouslypullontheleverforunneededtowelsuntilthedispensersareempty.Anautomatichanddryercostsabout$500,withverylittleadditionalcostovertimewhilepapertowelscancost$25acase,orabout$500ayear.Afterjustoneyear,itwouldpayforitself.Finally,ourbathroomisapapertowelmess!Therearealwayspilesofpapertowelsonthefloor.Sometimesthee