HowtosayinEnglishaboutconversiontechnology目錄CONTENTSDefinitionofprocessconversionTheEnglishexpressionoftechnologytransferTranslationTechniquesforTransformingCraftmanshipExampleanalysisofprocessconversionSummary01DefinitionofprocessconversionProcessconversionisatechnologythattransformsrawmaterialsintodesiredproductsthroughspecificprocessesTheconversionprocesscanbecontrolledtoachievedesiredpropertiesandcharacteristicsofthefinalproductItinvolvesconvertingonematerialorformintoanotherthroughchemical,physicalorbiologicalreactionsBasicconceptsofprocessconversionBasedonthetypeofreaction,conversionprocessescanbeclassifiedaschemical,physical,orbiologicalChemicalconversionprocessesinvolvereactionsthatchangethechemicalcompositionofthematerial,suchasoxidation,reduction,substitution,addition,andpolymerizationreactionsPhysicalconversionprocessesinvolvechangesinthephysicalstateofthematerial,suchasmelting,freeing,dismantling,crystallization,andcompactionBiologicalconversionprocessesusemicroorganismsorenzymestotransformmaterials,suchasfertilizationandbiodegradationClassificationofconversionprocessesConversiontechnologyhasawiderangeofapplicationsinvariousfields,includingchemicals,pharmaceuticals,foodprocessing,energyproduction,andenvironmentalprotectionInthechemicalsindustry,conversiontechnologyisusedtoproducevariousorganicandinorganicchemicals,fertilizersandotherproductsInthepharmaceuticalindustry,itisusedtosynthesizedrugsandtheirintermediaries,aswellastodevelopnewdrugdeliverysystemsanddosageformsApplicationfieldsofconversiontechnologyInthefoodprocessingindustry,conversiontechnologyisemployedintheproductionoffoodadditives,flavorsandotheringredients,aswellasintheprocessingandpreservationoffoodInenergyproduction,conversiontechnologyisusedintheconversionoffossilfuelsintoelectricityandheat,aswellasintheproductionofalternativeenergysourcessuchasbiofuelsInenvironmentalprotection,conversiontechnologyisemployedinwastetreatment,waterpurificationandairpollutioncontroltohelpreduceenvironmentalpollutionandpromotesustainabledevelopmentApplicationfieldsofconversiontechnology02TheEnglishexpressionoftechnologytransferSummaryProcessconversionisthetransformationofrawmaterials,energy,andotherinputsintofinishedproductsthroughaseriesofphysicalorchemicalchanges要點一要點二DetaileddescriptionProcessconversionisafundamentalconceptinengineeringandmanufacturingthatinvolvesconvertinginputsintodesiredoutputsThisconversionprocesscaninvolvevarioustechnologiesandtechniques,suchasmechanical,thermal,chemical,andbiologicalprocessesTheEnglishdefinitionofprocessconversionSummaryTheterm"processconversion"istypicallyexpressedinEnglishas"processconversion"or"conversionprocess."DetaileddescriptionIntechnicalandscientificcontexts,themostcommonwaytoexpresstheconceptofprocessconversionisthroughtheuseoftheterms"processconversion"or"conversionprocesses."Thesetermsarewidelyrecognizedandunderstoodbyengineers,scientists,andotherprofessionalsinvolvedinthefieldoftechnologytransferandapplicationTheEnglishexpressionofprocessconversionSummaryTheabbreviation"PC"iscommonlyusedtorepresent"processconversion."DetaileddescriptionInordertosavetimeandspace,theabbreviation"PC"isoftenusedtorepresenttheterm"processconversion"intechnicaldocuments,reports,andotherprofessionalmaterialsThisabbreviationiswidelyrecognizedandunderstoodbythoseworkinginthefieldoftechnologytransferandapplicationAbbreviationsforProcessConversion03TranslationTechniquesforTransformingCraftmanshipLiteraltranslationtechniquesforconvertingtechnologyTranslatetheoriginaltextwordforword,withoutanychangesinpresencestructureorvocabularyDirectTranslationEnsuresthatthetranslatedtextmatchestheoriginaltextintermsofmeaningandstyle,evenifitdepartmentsfromthesourcelanguage'sgrammarorpresencestructureExactTranslationVSTranslatestheoverallmeaningandintentionoftheoriginaltext,ratherthanfocusingonindividualwordsorphrasesEmphasisonconveyingthemessageandstyleoftheoriginaltextFunctionalEquityAimstocreateatranslationthatisasclosetotheoriginaltextaspossibleintermsofitsfunction,style,andregisterItfocusesonmaintainingtheoriginaltext'sintentionandmessageDynamicEquityTheFreeTranslationTechniquesforTransformingCraftmanshipTranslatethesoundsofthesourcelanguageintothetargetlanguage,whilepreservingasmuchoftheoriginalpromotionaspossiblePhoneticTranslationTranslatesthemeaningofthesourcelanguageintothetargetlanguage,whilepreservingasmuchoftheoriginalcontextandculturalelementsaspossibleSemanticTranslationTransformationTechniquesforTransformingCraftsmanship04ExampleanalysisofprocessconversionProcessExample1:PlasticProcessingPlasticprocessingistheuseofheatandpressuretoshapeplasticmaterialsintousableproductsThisprocessinvolvesmeltingtheplasticandthenmoldingitintothedesiredshapeTheresultingproductscanbeanythingfromsimplehouseholditemstocomplexindustrialcomponentsTheprocessofplasticprocessingbeginswiththerawmaterial,whichistypicallyapolymerresinTheresinismixedwithadditivestocontrolitspropertiesandthenfedintoanextruderorinjectionmachineIntheextruder,thematerialismeltedandforcedthroughadietocreateacontinuoussheetorshapeThemoltenplasticisthencooledandshapedintothedesiredproductPlasticprocessingcanbedoneusingavarietyoftechniques,includinginjectionmolding,compressionmolding,blowmolding,andmoreEachtechniquehasitsownspecificrequirementsandlimitations,butthebasicprinciplesretainthesame:heat,pressure,andshadingareusedtocreateusefulproductsfromplasticmaterialsPlasticprocessinghasrevolutionizedmanufacturingandisusedinawiderangeofindustries,includingpackaging,automotive,consumerelectronics,andmoreItallowsfortheproductionoflightweight,durable,andcosteffectiveproductsthatmeetspecificdesignrequirementsProcessExample2:MechanicalProcessingMechanicalprocessinginvolvestheuseofmachinesandtoolstoshape,modify,orfinishmetalorothermaterialsThistypeofprocessingistypicallydonetocreateprecisionandaccuratepartsforvariousapplicationsTheprocessofmechanicalprocessingbeginswiththerawmaterial,whichistypicallyametalbillorbarThematerialisthenfedintoamachinethatcanperformvariousoperationssuchascutting,drilling,grinding,orpolishingTheseoperationsaredoneusingtoolsthatareeithermanuallyoperatedorautomatedMechanicalprocessingtechniquesincludemilling,turning,grinding,honing,andmoreEachtechniquehasitsownspecificrequirementsandlimitationsbutthebasicprinciplesremainthesame:removingmaterialtocreateadesiredshapeorsurfacefinishMechanicalprocessingisusedinvariousindustriessuchasautomotive,aerospace,machinerymanufacturing,andmoreItallowsfortheproductionofhighqualitypartsthatmeetspecifictolerancesandengineeringrequirementsProcessExampleThree:ElectronicManufacturingElectronicmanufacturinginvolvestheproductionofelectronicdevicesandcomponentsusingadvancedtechnologiesandprecisionmanufacturingprocessesThistypeofprocessingisessentialforcreatingcomplexintegratedcircuits,microprocessors,andothermicroelectronicdevicesTheprocessofelectronicmanufacturingstartswiththedesignofthecircuitordeviceonacomputerusingspecializedsoftwareThedesignisthentransferredtoasiliconwaferusingphotographictechniquesInthisprocess,aphotosensitivefilmisexposedtolightthroughamask,whichcreatesapatternonthefilmthatmatchesthedesignOncethepatterniscreatedonthefilm,itisusedtoetchthecircuitontothesiliconwaferThisisnoneusingaseriesofchemicalbasesandetchingprocessesthatremovetheunwantedmaterialfromthewaferTheresultingcircuitisthentestedandpackagedintoindividualchipsorcomponentsElectronicmanufacturingrequireshighlyspecializedequipmentandcleanroomfacilitiestoensureprecisionandqualityTheprocessesinvolvedarehighlycomplexandrequireahighleveloftechnicalexpertisetoachievethedesiredresultsElectronicmanufacturingisessentialfortheproductionofconsumerelectronicssuchassmartphones,computers,andotherdigitaldevicesItalsoplaysacriticalroleinthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiessuchasmicroprocessors,memorychips,andmoreProcessExampleThree:ElectronicManufacturing05SummaryTechnologyconversionisakeydriverofinnovationanddevelopmentItenablesenterprisestoupgradetheirproductionprocesses,improveproductquality,reducecosts,andenhance