Unit3TextATheTruthaboutLyingcontents1[

GeneralIntroduction

]2[AbouttheAuthor]3[TextAnalysis

]4[NewWordsandPhrases

]5[TextUnderstanding

]Part11[Introduction

]

美國(guó)著名作家歐亨利的小說(shuō)《最后一片葉子》,描寫(xiě)患肺炎的窮學(xué)生瓊西看著窗外對(duì)面墻上的常春藤葉子不斷被風(fēng)吹落，她說(shuō)，最后一片葉子代表她，它的飄落，代表自己的死亡。貝爾曼，一個(gè)偉大的畫(huà)家，在聽(tīng)完休易講述完室友瓊西的故事后，在最后一片葉子飄落，下著暴雨的夜里，在墻上畫(huà)出了一片“永不凋落”的常春藤葉，編造了一個(gè)善良且真實(shí)的謊言，從而維持一段即將熄滅的生命之光.Part1ThelastleafTwoAmericanMoviesaboutlyingTrueLies(1994)LiarLiar(1997)

ABCDoyouoftenlie?Inwhatcasesyoumaychoosetolie?

Howdoyoucategorizelying?Whatliesareharmful?Whydopeopletelllies?Islyingacceptable?

Part2[Introductoryquestions

]

JudithViorst[vi’?:st]wasbornandbroughtupinNewJersey,graduatedfromRutgersUniversity,movedtoGreenwichVillage,andhaslivedinWashington,D.C.,since1960,whenshemarriedMiltonViorst,apoliticalwriter.Theyhavethreesonsandsevengrandchildren.Viorstwritesinmanydifferentareas:sciencebooks,children'spicturebooks,adultfictionandnon-fiction,poetryforchildrenandadults,andthreemusicals,whicharestillperformedonstagesaroundthecountry.Part33[Abouttheauthor

]

Thebest-sellerNecessaryLosses(1986)andhercomicnovel,MurderingMr.Monti(1994),whichappearedonTheNewYorkTimesbest-sellerlistinhardcoverandpaperbackforalmosttwoyears.

Sheisalsobestknownforherbelovedpicturebook,AlexanderandtheTerrible,Horrible,NoGood,VeryBadDay.

Part3Part3Part4TextAnalysisPartOnePara.1PartTwoParas.2-36PartThreeParas.37-42IntroductorybeginningEnding:howthewriterfeelsweshouldcopewiththequestionofwhetherornottolieThewriterdiscussesfourtypesofliesandtellswhatshethinksabouteachofthemPart4GettingfamiliarwithnewvocabularyUnderlinetheimportantvocabularyonthepassagewhilelisteningtotherecordingpartbypartPart4Pre-wordsgeneralize:makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetodetails

2.irritate:makeangryorannoyed3.straightforward:simple;expressedorunderstoodinadirectwayPart4PartOneintrigue[??n?triɡ]arousetheinterestorcuriosityv.以謀略達(dá)成；激起…的好奇心n.密謀，陰謀；私通，奸情SocialLiesPart4PartTwoPeace-KeepingLiesProtectiveLiesTrust-KeepingLiesParas.2-7arrogant：havingorshowinganexaggeratedopinionofone’sownimportance,merit,ability

incorruptible:notsubjecttocorruptionordecayassail:attackviolently;toattackverbally;causesbtoexperienceunpleasantthoughtsorfeelings

-Afterherdisappointingexamresults,Lucywasassailedbyworriesabouthercareer

Part4PartTwoSocialLiesPara.2It’sarrogant,theysay,toinsistonbeingsoincorruptibleandsobravethatyoucauseotherpeopleunnecessaryembarrassmentorpainbycompulsivelyassailingthemwithyourhonesty.他們說(shuō)，如果你堅(jiān)持要做到十二分正直、十二分無(wú)畏，不由自主地用你的誠(chéng)實(shí)使他人陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中，這只能說(shuō)你是傲慢自大。hideous:frightful,terribleifthesouptasteslikewarmed-overcoffee,youmayprefertoavoidsaying“thesoupiswonderful”.Instead,youmaysay,“youreallycookedupastorm”,whichisapolitewaytokeepthehostfromfeelingembarrassedcookupastorm:cookamealenergeticallyPart4PartTwoSocialLiesPara.7unsolicitedadj.未經(jīng)請(qǐng)求的indulgeinwhathecalls“flattery,falsepraiseandmellifluouscomments”我的這位朋友從來(lái)不講他所說(shuō)的“奉承話、虛假的贊美話和動(dòng)聽(tīng)話”indulgein:takepleasurefreelyin沉溺于Part4PartTwoSocialLiesPara.8-17shelter…from…:protect…from…keep…atbay:keep…atdistancethinklessofsb:lookdownuponhollerat

:yellat,shoutatdodge:avoidbyatrickdodgeresponsibility:回避責(zé)任notinthemoodtodosth不想做某事PartTwoPeace-KeepingLiesPara.8-17assert:defendormaintain維護(hù)，保護(hù)ingeneral通常，一般而言，總而言之makeabsurdmistake做了蠢事intimacy

n.親密關(guān)系-intimateadj.親密的，親近的confesseverydumbthing承認(rèn)每件蠢事

PartTwoPeace-KeepingLies破折號(hào)的用法Para.13…doyouconceal–withalie,ifyoumust–thefactthatyou’llbeinNewYork?Ordoyouhavethecourage–orisitthecruelty?–tosay,“I’llbeinNewYork,butsorry–Idon’tplanonseeingyou”?Note:破折號(hào)不能分割不完整的句子,也就是說(shuō)破折號(hào)兩邊的句子成分必須完整1.用來(lái)表示或突出同位語(yǔ)

Onlyonethingisnowwanting—arefrigerator．用在一個(gè)解釋性的插入語(yǔ)前面和后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)括號(hào)Thentheproposals—bothXiaoYang'sandmine—wereadopted．2.用來(lái)概括前面列舉的若干東西Newhouses，largerschools，moresheep,morepigsandchickens-everywherewesawsignsofthecommune'sprosperity．3.用來(lái)表示猶豫或遲疑I—I—Iratherthink—maybe—Amyhastakenit．4.表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)有意地中斷了一下，以便強(qiáng)調(diào)或引起別人

注意破折號(hào)后面要說(shuō)的話Inaword，thespiritofthewholecountrymaybedescribedas—self-relianceandarduousstruggle．Paras.18supersede:causetobesetaside取代

onthegrounds:

basedon…-Heleftonthegroundsofill-health.

他借口身體不好，走了。-Iobjecttotheplanonthegroundsthatitistooexpensive.反對(duì)該項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，理由是花費(fèi)太大。PartTwoProtectiveLiesTranslateParas.1818.保護(hù)性謊言就是因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為事實(shí)真相危害性太大而說(shuō)的謊言，這類謊言通常事關(guān)重大。他們說(shuō)謊，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為，人的某些價(jià)值觀念壓倒了說(shuō)謊這一錯(cuò)誤行為本身。他們說(shuō)謊不是為個(gè)人私利，而是因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈?，那是為他們?duì)之說(shuō)謊的人好。他們對(duì)自己所愛(ài)的人撒謊，對(duì)最信任自己的人撒謊，就是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這樣做是有正當(dāng)理由的。PartTwoProtectiveLiesPartTwoProtectiveLiesPara.22presumptuous:goingbeyondwhatisrightorproper

太過(guò)分的，放肆的playingGod扮演上帝（來(lái)替人做決定）juggle

:dealwithseveralthingsatonetime

耍弄，巧妙安排，雜耍Para.23backup支持，援助；協(xié)防；PartTwoProtectiveLiesTranslatePara.22-23有時(shí)我也說(shuō)這種謊，可我明白，聲稱自己懂得什么對(duì)他人最好，這未免太自以為是了。這無(wú)異于是在扮演上帝。這無(wú)異于操縱和控制他人。而我們一旦開(kāi)始玩起謊言戲法，就再也無(wú)法知道謊言何時(shí)會(huì)收?qǐng)?，究竟?huì)滑向何方。

而且，我們會(huì)不知不覺(jué)地為了圓最開(kāi)始所說(shuō)的謊言而不斷說(shuō)謊。Paras.26-30triangulation:三角關(guān)系concede：acknowledgereluctantlycalledonsb.todosth:requiresb.todosthhaveanaffair有外遇，有婚外情adamant

adj.固執(zhí)的，不動(dòng)搖的，毫不讓步的PartTwoTrust-keepingLiesParas.31-36Asecretthatturnouttobequiteimmoralorillegal

一個(gè)違反道德

或是違法的秘密Watergate:水門(mén)事件sticky：棘手的，難纏的；contradictory:矛盾的；PartTwoTrust-keepingLiesWatergate

(水門(mén)事件)

EarlyinthemorningonJune17,1972,policediscoveredfiveintrudersinsidetheheadquartersoftheDemocraticNationalCommittee.Theburglarswerethere,itturnedout,toadjustbuggingequipmenttheyhadinstalledduringaMaybreak-inandtophotographtheDemocrats'documents.Theburglaryandsubsequentcover-upeventuallyledtomovestoimpeachPresidentRichardNixon.Nixonresignedthepresidencyon8August1974.水門(mén)事件(美國(guó)政治丑聞,共和黨總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選連任委員會(huì)于1972年6月17日派人潛入水門(mén)大廈民主黨總部安裝竊聽(tīng)器,此事暴露后導(dǎo)致尼克松總統(tǒng)辭職)Part4PartThreePara.38bestuckwith-beburdenedwithsthandunabletogetridofit

無(wú)法擺脫P(yáng)ara.39asalastresortifallotherwaysfail

-Thepolicearesupposedtousegunsonlyasalastresort.作為最后一招Part4PartThreeTranslateParas.39-41

39.可是，對(duì)我們這種擅于說(shuō)謊的人來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)我們這種說(shuō)謊又不露餡的人來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)謊還是不說(shuō)謊會(huì)成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的道德難題。我頗為贊同一位朋友的話，他說(shuō)，“我愿意說(shuō)謊。但只把這作為最后一手——真話總比謊話好?！?/p>

40.“因?yàn)椋彼忉屨f(shuō)，“哪怕別人對(duì)我的謊話完全信以為真，我自己可無(wú)法相信?！?/p>

41.本人也有同感.ImportantWordsandPhrasesPara.1reachaconclusionpresentultimateconclusionPresentaseriesofmoralpuzzlesParas.2-6Ourrelationshipswouldbeshortandbrutishandnasty.-assailing…with…h(huán)ideouspresents/homelykidsdeclineinvitationswith…-apoliteevasionof“Youreallycookedupastorm.”P(pán)ara.7-Hissilenceatthismomentiseloquentenough.-indulgein-flattery,falsepraiseandmellifluouscomments-goalongParas.8-17-liesdesignedtoavoidirritationandargument-toshelter…from-keeptroubleatbay-disapproveof-thinklessofsb.-hollerat-dodgeresponsibility-beinthemoodtodosth-assertone’srighttodosth.-makeabsurdmistakesPara.18-25-onthegrounds-backupthelies-ifconditionswerereversed,wecertainlywouldn’twantanyonelyingtousPara.26-36-onbehalfofsb-tocallontodosthPara.37-42-giveaway-bestuckwith-asalastresortImportantWordsandPhrasesParas.2-6Ourrelationshipswouldbeshortandbrutishandnasty.

人與人之間的關(guān)系就會(huì)變得粗野不快，無(wú)法持久。-assailing…with…以…攻擊hideouspresents令人憎惡的禮物

homelykids相貌平平的孩子declineinvitationswith…以…婉拒邀請(qǐng)-apoliteevasionof“Youreallycookedupastorm.”

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