人教版（2019）選擇性必修三Unit2HealthyLifestyleReadingandThinkingLearntodevelopgoodhealthhabits

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.learnaboutthehabitcycleanditsthreestages;2.practicereadingatexttofindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph;3.practicereadingatextfordetailedinformation;4.learnaboutthestructureofanexposition;5.mastersomeimportantwordsandphrases;6.useknowledgefromthetexttobreakbadhabits.本單元的引言出自古羅馬詩人維吉爾。他認(rèn)為，身體的健康和心靈的安樂對人類的福祉至關(guān)重要。財(cái)富不僅僅指物質(zhì)上的富足，還包括一切有價(jià)值的東西。失去了健康，再多的物質(zhì)財(cái)富也無法彌補(bǔ)。所以，健康是一個人最重要的財(cái)富。Thegreatestwealthishealth.——Virgil健康是最重要的財(cái)富?！S吉爾Lead-inLookanddiscuss:1.Howdoyouthinkthepeoplefeelinthephotos?2.Doyouthinktheyareallleadingahealthylifestyle?Whyorwhynot?Ithinktheyareleadingahealthy

lifestylebecausetheyarenotby

themselvesandareoutsideanddoing

exerciseaswellascreativeactivities.Ithinkthesepeoplefeelhappyand

healthy,

astheylookactiveandcheerful.1.Arebadhabitseasytochange?Whyorwhynot?2.Whathabitsdoyouthinkareunhealthy?3.Whatcanyoudotocorrectthesebadhabits?Unhealthyhabitsincludesmoking,eatingtoomuch,playingtoomuchonyourcomputerorphone,andnotdoingenoughexercise.Badhabitsarehardtochangebecauseweareusuallydoingsomethingwereallylike,butwearedoingittoomuch.Ithinkpeoplecancorrectthesebadhabitsbythinkingaboutthemmoreanddecidingtheywillfeelbetterandhappieriftheystopthem.Pre-readingBeforeyouread,discussthesequestionsingroups.While-readingReadthetitleandskimthetext.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisthetexttype?3.Who’stheintendedreader?2.Whydidthewriterwritethistext?A.NarrationB.ExpositionC.ArgumentationToexplainateenageproblemandsuggestpossiblesolutions.Ortobeexact,tointroducehowhabitsareformedandhowtochangebadhabitsandcreatenewones.Theintendedreadersareyoungpeople,especiallyteenagers.Readthetextquickly.Figureoutthetopicsentenceandmainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1:Asteenagersgrowup,theybecomemoreindependentandstartmakingtheirowndecisions.However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemtoformbadhabits.Thesebadhabits,ifleftunchecked,couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.Forexample,someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedin

tobacco

or

alcoholabuse,whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefrom

dominating

ateenager’slifeisessential.Theymustlearntorecognisebadhabitsearlyandmakeappropriatechanges.Mainidea:Whybadteenagehabitsshouldbechanged.FindthemainideaofaparagraphThemainideaissometimesstatedineithertheopeningorclosingsentence.Ifnot,lookforanother“standout”sentence,orsummarisetheparagraphinyourmindbyaskingyourself,“Whatisitmainlyabout?”Para.2:Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo.”Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemade.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuchhardertochange.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.Mainidea:Whatahabitis.Para.3:Accordingtomodernpsychology,wemustfirstlearnaboutthe“habitcycle”,whichworkslikethis:Firstly,thereisa“cue”,anaction,event,orsituationthatactsasasignaltodosomething.Secondly,thereisa“routine”,theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.Thirdly,thereisthe“reward”,thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.Forexample,whenwefeelunhappy(cue),weeatlotsofunhealthysnacks(routine),whichmakesusfeelhappy(reward).Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle,andthebadhabitofrelyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.Mainidea:Thecycleofhowhabitsareformed.Para.4:Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.Wecandothisbycombiningtheinformationfromourhabitcycleswithourownpositiveideas.Forexample,wecouldtrytoreplaceanegativeroutinewithsomethingmorepositive.So,whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue),ratherthaneatsnacks,wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine),whichwillmakeusfeelrelaxed(reward).Asidefromchangingbadhabits,wecanalsousethehabitcycletocreategoodhabits.Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineistorideit,butwecouldchangethisroutineintosomethingmorepositivebytakingthestairsinstead.Mainidea:Howtochangeabadhabitandcreategoodones.Para.5:Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.Infact,themostsuccessfulwaytochangeisnotsuddenly,butoveraperiodoftime.AstheChinesephilosopherLaoziwrote,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”O(jiān)nestepseemssmall,butitisessential.Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.Afterall,itisnoteasytobreakbadhabits.Mainidea:Changehabitsgradually.Para.6:Foryoungpeople,thereisplentyoftimetochangebadhabits.However,thereisno“magicpill”ordeletebuttonthatwillhelpyou;youhavetothinkaboutyourbadhabitsanddecideonsomechanges.Youhavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits!Mainidea:Noeasywaytochangebadhabits.A.HowtochangeabadhabitandcreategoodonesB.ThecycleofhowhabitsareformedC.HabitsthatcanhelpusstudybetterD.ChanginghabitsgraduallyE.NoeasywaytochangebadhabitsF.WhatahabitisG.WhybadteenagehabitsshouldbechangedReadthetextandfindoutwhatmainideasareincludedinit.Tickthecorrectones.Para.1:Whybadteenagehabitsshouldbechanged.Para.2:Whatahabitis.Para.3:Thecycleofhowhabitsareformed.Para.4:Howtochangeabadhabitandcreategoodones.Para.5:Changehabitsgradually.Para.6:Noeasywaytochangebadhabits.Readtounderstandthestructureofthetext.FindouttheproblemAnalyzetheproblemSolvetheproblemConclusionPart1(Para.1)Part2(Paras.2-5)Part3(Para.6)WhybadteenagehabitsshouldbechangedWhatahabitisandhowtochangebadhabitsNoeasywaytochangebadhabitsReadthetextagainandanswerthequestions.Post-reading1.Howcanachoiceleadtoahabit?3.Whatshouldwedotochangeabadhabit?2.Whatarethethreestagesofthehabitcycle?Achoicecanleadtoahabitifwemake

thesamechoiceoverandoveragain.Thethreestagesofthehabitcyclearethecue,

routine,

andreward.Tochangeabadhabit,weshould

examineourhabitcyclesandthentry

toadaptthem.THEHABITCYCLECUEREWARDROUTINE4.Howcanapersonusedisciplinetohelpchangeabadhabit?5.Willyouusethehabitcycletobreakyourbadhabits?Whyorwhynot?Apersoncanusedisciplinetochange

abadhabitbytakingmanysmall

stepstoreachthegoalofchange.Iwillusethehabitcycletobreak

abadhabitofusingmyphonetoo

muchbecauseIwanttospendmore

timereadingbooksandplaying

sports.Workingroups.Completethetasks.1.Thinkofonebadhabitandwritedownthecue,routine,andreward.Thencomeupwithanideaofhowtobreakthebadhabit.2.Doyouknowanyalternativewaystobetterhabits?Discusswithyourpartnerwhichwayyouthinkismosteffective.Cue:

Boredom/Waiting/Beinganxious

Routine:

BitingnailsReward:

Stressrelief/DistractionBreakthehabit:

Chewgum,getastress

ballorfidgetspinnertohold,weargloves

orstickersonyournailsAlternativewaystobetterhabits:·Tellsomeoneelsewhatyouwantto

change.

Peerpressurefromsomeone

elsewillhelp.·Fineyourself.

Everytimeyoudothe

badhabit,

putasmallamountofmoney

inabox.·Makeithardertodothehabit.For

example,

hideyourfavouriteappson

yourphonesoitismore

ofahassleto

gettothem.·Changeyourenvironment.

Ifthehabit

happensincertainplacesorwithcertain

people,

avoidthem!WordsandExpressions

Forexample,someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse,whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.(P14)

例如，一些青少年可能吸煙成癮或酗酒，造成身心健康問題。abuse

/??bju?s/

n.

濫用；虐待；辱罵

/??bju?z/

vt.

濫用；虐待；辱罵搭配alcohol/drugabuse

酗酒；嗜毒

childabuse

虐待兒童

例句Abusecanleadtobothpsychologicalandemotionalproblems.

虐待可造成心理和情緒上的問題。

Sheabusedherpositionasprincipalbygivingjobstoherfriends.

她濫用自己作為校長的職權(quán)，把工作安排給朋友們。1

Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.

(P14)

防止此類有害習(xí)慣主宰青少年的生活是至關(guān)重要的。dominate

/?d?m?ne?t/

vt.&vi.

支配；控制；占有優(yōu)勢拓展

dominant

adj.強(qiáng)大的，有優(yōu)勢的，突出的

domination

n.

統(tǒng)治；控制

例句Thebookisexpectedtodominatethebest-sellerlists.

這本書預(yù)計(jì)會占據(jù)暢銷書排行榜的榜首。Hetendedtodominatetheconversation.

他往往左右著交談的內(nèi)容。2

Accordingtomodernpsychology,wemustfirstlearnaboutthe“habitcycle”,whichworkslikethis:...(P14)

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)，我們必須首先了解“習(xí)慣循環(huán)”，其工作原理如下：……psychology

/sa??k?l?d?i/

n.

心理學(xué)；心理；心理影響搭配educational/socialpsychology

教育心理學(xué)/社會心理學(xué)拓展

psychological

adj.心理的，精神的

psychologist

n.

心理學(xué)家

例句Psychologyisbydefinitionthescientificstudyofthemind.心理學(xué)，顧名思義，是研究人們心理的科學(xué)。3

Secondly,thereisa“routine”,theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.(P14)

第二是“慣常行為”，即你響應(yīng)觸發(fā)因素而采取的常規(guī)行動。inresponseto

回答；答復(fù)（其中to為介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或v-ing形式作賓語）

例句Sheopenedthedoorinresponsetotheknockatthedoor.

她聽到敲門聲，打開了門。Theproductwasdevelopedinresponsetocustomerdemand.

這種產(chǎn)品是為了滿足顧客的需要而開發(fā)的。4

Thirdly,thereisthe“reward”,thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.(P14)

第三是“回報(bào)”，即我們從慣常行為中獲得的美好事物或感受。reward

/r??w??d/

n.

回報(bào)；獎勵；報(bào)酬

vt.獎勵；獎賞；給以報(bào)酬搭配rewardsbwithsth

用某物獎勵某人rewardsbfor(doing)sth

因（做）某事而獎賞/酬謝某人拓展

rewarding

adj.值得做的，有益的，有意義的

例句Youdeservearewardforbeingsohelpful.

你幫了這么大的忙，理應(yīng)受到獎勵。Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.

她因自己所做的努力而得到了一筆獎金。5

Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle,andthebadhabitof

relyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.(P15)

這一回報(bào)使我們更有可能繼續(xù)這一循環(huán)，從而形成了依賴不健康零食這一不良

習(xí)慣。rely

/r??la?/

vi.

依賴；依靠；信賴relyon

依賴；依靠；信賴搭配relyonsb/sthtodosth

指望某人/某物做某事

例句ManystudentsnowrelyontheInternetforinformation.

很多學(xué)生現(xiàn)在靠因特網(wǎng)獲取信息。Itwouldbebettertorelyonourselvesthanonothers.

與其求人，不如求己。6

Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.(P15)

為了促進(jìn)我們不良習(xí)慣的積極改變，我們必須首先審視我們的不良習(xí)慣循環(huán)，

然后嘗試去改變它們。facilitate

/f??s?l?te?t/

vt.促進(jìn)；促使；使便利拓展

facilitation

n.促進(jìn)；便利

例句Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.

新機(jī)場將促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。Moderninventionsfacilitatehousework.

許多現(xiàn)代發(fā)明使家務(wù)勞動變得便利了。7

Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.(P15)

為了促進(jìn)我們不良習(xí)慣的積極改變，我們必須首先審視我們的不良習(xí)慣循環(huán)，

然后嘗試去改變它們。examine

/?ɡ?z?m?n/

vt.（仔細(xì)）檢查；審查；測驗(yàn)搭配examinesthforsth

檢查某物以尋找（毛病、錯誤等）examinesbin/onsth

在某方面對某人進(jìn)行測試拓展

examination

n.考試（=exam）；審查，檢查

例句Weexaminethewordingindetailbeforedecidingonthefinaltext.

我們徹底仔細(xì)地檢查了措辭后才最終定稿。8

Forexample,wecouldtrytoreplaceanegativeroutinewithsomethingmorepositive.(P15)

例如，我們可以試著將一個消極的慣常行為替換為一個更積極的東西。negative

/?neɡ?t?v/

adj.

消極的；有害的；否定的搭配negativeanswer/reply/response

消極的回答/回應(yīng)

例句Thecrisishadanegativeeffectontrade.

這次危機(jī)對貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了很壞的影響。Scientistshaveafairlynegativeattitudetothetheory.

科學(xué)家對這個理論的態(tài)度是相當(dāng)消極的。9

Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.(P15)

我們中很多人試圖迅速改變不良習(xí)慣，一旦沒有立刻成功，我們往往變得悲觀，

繼而放棄。straightaway

立即；馬上拓展

straightoff

立即；馬上

例句Healwaystacklesproblemsstraightaway.He’snotthekindof

person

toletthegrassgrowunderhisfeet.

他不是那種懶散的人，總是一有問題就馬上處理。10

Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.(P15)

我們中很多人試圖迅速改變不良習(xí)慣，一旦沒有立刻成功，我們往往變得悲觀，

繼而放棄。pessimistic

/?pes??m?st?k/

adj.

悲觀的；悲觀主義的搭配bepessimisticabout...

對……悲觀拓展

pessimism

n.悲觀；悲觀主義pessimist

n.悲觀主義者

例句Peopletendtobecomepessimisticandloseconfidenceinadverse

circumstances.

在逆境之中，人容易變得悲觀，失去信心。11

Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.(P15)

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)改變這一目標(biāo)，一個人必須展示出一定程度的自制力，不斷地邁出許

多小步。discipline

/?d?s?pl?n/

n.

自制力；紀(jì)律；學(xué)科

vt.自我控制；管教；處罰

搭配disciplineyourself(todosth)

嚴(yán)格要求自己，約束自己（去做某事）拓展

disciplined

adj.遵守紀(jì)律的