SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage語法探究：完成下列教材中的句子并體會其語法特征1．However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemtoform(form)hadhabits.2．Toprevent(prevent)harmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager'slifeisessential.3．Tochange(change)badhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.4．Afterall,itisnoteasytobreak(break)badhabits.歸納總結(jié)1．所有設(shè)空部分都是作什么成分：主語。2．句1、4中設(shè)空部分為句子的真正主語，句中的it為形式主語。3．句2、3中設(shè)空部分直接用不定式短語作句子的主語。Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1．composevt.&vi.組成；作曲；撰寫→composern．作曲家；作曲者2．surgeonn．外科醫(yī)生→surgeryn．外科手術(shù)；外科學(xué)3．liberationn．解放；擺脫→liberatevt.解放；放出；釋放4．shavevi.，vt.&n．剃(須發(fā))；刮臉→shavern．理發(fā)師；電動剃刀5．disturbvt.打擾；攪亂；使煩惱→disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的6．specialistn．專科醫(yī)生；專家→specializev．專門從事；詳細(xì)說明；特化→specialadj.特別的7．consultantn．顧問；高級顧問醫(yī)師→consultv．查閱；商量；向……請教Ⅱ.高頻短語1．becomposedof由……組成(或構(gòu)成)2．shaveoff剃掉；刮去3．beincontrolof...控制……4．cutout切去；省略；停止(做某事)5．takeup拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)(時間，地方)6．stickto堅持7．makeupone'smind下定決心8．giveup放棄9．goonadiet節(jié)食，減肥10．loseweight減肥重點單詞1．composevt.&vi.組成；作曲；撰寫D典型例句Ourclassiscomposedofeighteenboysandtwelvegirls.我們班由18個男生和12個女生組成。Shebegantocomposesongsatanearlyage.她還很年輕時就已經(jīng)開始創(chuàng)作歌曲。Hewascomposingatthepianoattheageofseven.他7歲時就會用鋼琴作曲。S思維拓展becomposedof由……組成(或構(gòu)成)composern．作曲家；作家compositionn．成分；作品J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thehousesinmyhometownwerechieflycomposedofwood.②Accordingtoareport，thecommitteeiscomposed(compose)of12members.③Fivedoctorsandtennurses,composing(compose)therescueteam,weresenttotheearthquake-hitareathismorning.④Tomdelayedhiscomposition,forthefirstsentencewassohardtocompose(compose)．2．shavevi.，vt.&n．剃(須發(fā))；刮臉D典型例句Ilatheredmyfaceandstartedtoshave.我往臉上涂了皂沫，然后開始刮胡子。Fathershavedhisbeard.父親剃了胡須。Hehadashaveandabath.他刮了臉，又洗了澡。S思維拓展shaveoff剃掉；刮去shaveup剃光shavern．理發(fā)師；電動剃刀J即學(xué)即練完成句子①Doyoushaveyourfaceeveryday?你每天都刮臉嗎？②Thebarbergavehimashaveandahaircut.理發(fā)師給他修面理發(fā)。3.disturbvt.打擾；攪亂；使煩惱D典型例句Theytookthephoneoffthehooksonocallswoulddisturbthem.他們摘下電話聽筒，以免電話打擾他們。Shehasdisturbedhisplansforgoingabroad.她打亂了他出國的全部計劃。Itdisturbsmeprofoundlythatyousomisuseyourtalents.你如此濫用自己的才能，使我深感不安。S思維拓展disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的disturbedadj.心神不安的；擔(dān)心的disturbancen．打擾；擾亂；騷動Itisverydisturbingthatwehaven'tseenhimforalongtime.好長時間沒見到他，這令我們深感不安。I'mverydisturbedabouthim.我很擔(dān)心他。Q巧學(xué)助記Theywerealldisturbedbythedisturbingnews;thatis,thenewsdisturbedallofthem.這條令人不安的消息使他們都深感不安。也就是說，這條消息使他們都感到不安。J即學(xué)即練用disturb的適當(dāng)形式填空①Don'tdisturbthesleepingchild.②Thedisturbingnewshasmadeeveryonepresentupset.③Thedrunkenmancausedadisturbanceinthestreet.4．consultantn．顧問；高級顧問醫(yī)師D典型例句Heisaconsultantonlaboraffairstothemayor.他是市長的一個勞工顧問。There'remanyconsultantsinhospital.醫(yī)院里有很多會診醫(yī)生。S思維拓展consultantservice咨詢服務(wù)consultv．查閱；商量；向……請教consultthedictionary查字典consultabout...就……請教consultsb.on/aboutsth.請教某人某事；就某事向某人請教consultwith...與……商量consultwithsb.aboutaproblem與某人就一個問題進(jìn)行磋商J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Haveyouconsultedadoctoraboutyourfever?②Beforeweacceptthemanagement'sofferwemustconsultwiththeworkersagain.③Hewasappointedasaconsultant(consult)toasoftwarefirm.完成句子④Ofalltheconsultants,onlyMr.Wanggaveussomeproposalsinpoint.所有的顧問當(dāng)中，只有王先生提了一些中肯的建議。⑤Ineedtoconsultwithmycolleaguesontheproposals.我需要和我的同事商討這些建議。5．skipvt.跳過；不參加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳繩n．蹦跳D典型例句Heskippedthedullpartsofthebook.他把書的枯燥部分跳過去不讀。Brooksskippedschoolthreedaysinarow.布魯克斯連續(xù)三天逃學(xué)。Youmayskipandreadonlythosepassageswhichconcernyou.你可以跳讀，只選那些與你有關(guān)的段落讀一下即可。S思維拓展skipaside跳向一邊skipoff溜走，匆匆離開skipforjoy歡跳skipoutofsb.'sway閃開給某人讓路skipover跳過，忽略，略過skipthrough跳讀，瀏覽J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Theysawthemanwithalittlegirlskipping(skip)alongbehindhim.②Iskippedthroughthefirstpartofthebook,eagertogettotheexcitingbits.③Sheskippedoffwithoutpayingherbill.完成句子④Hegaveaskipofjoyasheheardthenews.得知這個消息，他高興地跳了起來。⑤Sheskippedtheboringpartsofthetextandjustlookedatthepicture.她跳過了課文中那些枯燥無味的部分，只看那些插圖。6．specialistn．專家adj.專業(yè)的D典型例句(2022·浙江卷)Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.近十年來，Merebeth一直是一名自營寵物運(yùn)輸專家。(2021·天津卷)Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.即使你是一個專家，成為一個多面手也是值得考慮的。Ishouldrefertosomespecialistmagazinestodealwiththeproblem.我應(yīng)該參考一些專業(yè)雜志來解決這個問題。S思維拓展aspecialistinsth....……方面的一個專家specializev．專門研究；專門從事；專攻Heisaspecialistininternationallaw.他是國際法專家。Themechanicspecializesinrepairingimportedcars.這位機(jī)械師專門修理進(jìn)口車。G構(gòu)詞法J即學(xué)即練用specialize的適當(dāng)形式填空①Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsspecializing(specialize)inhelpingthewearytraveler.②Youneedtohavespecialist(specialize)teacherswhoimpartwhattheyknow.重點短語1．giveup放棄；讓出；戒除D典型例句Coastguardshadgivenupallhopeoffindingthetwodiversalive.海岸警衛(wèi)隊對兩位潛水員生還已完全不抱希望。Oneofthemenwithhimgaveuphisplaceonthebench.他的一個同伴將長椅上的位子讓了出來。S思維拓展givein讓步；屈服；投降giveintosb./sth.向某人/某事讓步，屈服于某人/某事giveaway贈送；分發(fā)；泄露(機(jī)密等)giveoff發(fā)出，放出(氣味、熱、光等)giveback歸還；使恢復(fù)giveout分發(fā)；公布；耗盡；發(fā)出J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Yououghttogiveupsmokingbecauseitisharmfultoyourhealth.②Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep,hisactionswillgivehimawayduringtheday.③AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.④Thewoodgaveoffasweetsmellasitburned.⑤Whenquarrelsbreakoutbetweenthem,healwaysgivesintohiswife.2．makeupone'smind下定決心D典型例句Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。Wehavemadeupourmindstofinishtheworkbeforedark.我們決心在天黑前完成工作。S思維拓展makeupone'smindtodosth.下定決心做某事changeone'smind改變主意keep/bear/have...inmind記?。焕斡浽谛念^speakone'smind直言不諱readone'smind看出某人的心思M名師點津在短語makeupone'smind中，mind的單復(fù)數(shù)要隨其前one's的單復(fù)數(shù)而變化。Ifyouthinkitover,maybeyouwillchangeyourmind.如果你仔細(xì)考慮一下的話，你可能就會改變主意了。Eventhoughthelittleprincessisonly4yearsold,sometimesshecanreadothers'mind.雖然這個小公主僅有4歲，但是有時她能看出別人的心思。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Theyhavemadeuptheirmindstotakepart.②Youmustkeepitinmindthattheseexamswillaffectyourfinalresult.③Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowin(win)willneversay“impossible”．3．cutout切去；省略；停止(做某事)D典型例句You'dbetternotcutouttheimportantdetails.你最好不要把重要細(xì)節(jié)刪掉。Thedoctoradvisedmetocutoutsmokinganddrinking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙戒酒。S思維拓展cutoff中斷；切掉；使……與外界隔絕cutin(馬達(dá)或發(fā)動機(jī))發(fā)動；插話；超車搶道cutdown(onsth.)削減，縮小(尺寸、數(shù)量或數(shù)目)cutup切碎；使悲傷cutthrough開辟(出路或通道)I'dfeelverycutoffifIdidn'tknowwhatwashappeningintheworld.如果我不知道世界上正在發(fā)生什么，我會感到與世隔絕。Hiswifetoldhimtocutdownonhisdrinking.他妻子勸他少喝酒。Hewasprettycutupabouttheirleaving.他們這一走使他傷心極了。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thetailorcarefullyexaminedtheclothbeforestartingtocutoutthegarment.②Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthem,theseoldpeoplefeltcutofffromtheworld.③—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—Ihavebeencuttingupchiliesforthelastfiveminutes.4．takeup拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)(時間，地方)D典型例句Shetookupthereceiverandbegantodialthenumber.她拿起聽筒開始撥電話號碼。Hedidnotparticularlywanttotakeupacompetitivesport.他并不特別想從事競技體育運(yùn)動。Theytakeuptoomuchspace.它們占了太多空間。S思維拓展takedown取下；記下；拆卸takeon雇用；呈現(xiàn)；受歡迎takeback收回；使回想起takeoff脫下；起飛；開始成功takein包括；欺騙；吞入(體內(nèi))take...as...把……理解為/當(dāng)作takeover接管；接任take...out...帶……出去takeapart拆開J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Theirflighthasbeendelayedduetothebadweather.Theywouldliketoknowwhentheflightwilltakeoff.②(2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.③Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.④Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.動詞不定式作主語語法導(dǎo)圖語法精析一、動詞不定式(短語)作主語的基本用法動詞不定式作主語時，一般表示具體的或一次性的動作，可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。Tohesitatemeansfailure.猶豫不決就意味著失敗。Forhimtoadmithismistakesisnoteasy.要他承認(rèn)錯誤是不容易的。(帶邏輯主語)Tobeworkingalldaylongisabore.整天干活使人厭倦。(不定式進(jìn)行式)Tohaveknownyouisaprivilege.認(rèn)識了你真是榮幸。(不定式完成式)二、it代替不定式作形式主語的情況若不定式太長，則往往用it代替不定式作形式主語，不定式移至謂語之后，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。常見句型有以下4種：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1((1)It＋be＋形容詞＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.,(2)It＋be＋名詞＋todosth.,(3)Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.,(4)Itmadesb.＋adj.＋todosth.))Itisveryinterestingtoplayinthesnowinwinter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。It'sapitytoknowyoucan'tattendourparty.知道你不能參加我們的派對，真遺憾。Ittakestenyearstogrowatreeandahundredyearstoeducatepeople.[諺]十年樹木，百年樹人。ItmademerelaxedtoknowthatIpassedtheexam.了解到我通過了考試，我感到很輕松。三、動詞不定式(短語)作主語的主謂一致原則1．單個不定式(短語)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity,allowingmetoenhancetherelationshipwithmyfriends.出去吃飯也是一種社交活動，可以增進(jìn)我和朋友們的關(guān)系。2．兩個或兩個以上的不定式(短語)作主語，若語意一致或基本一致或不定式作為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Toloveandtobelovedissweettous.愛和被愛對我們來說都是甜蜜的。3．兩個或兩個以上的不定式(短語)作主語，若語意不一致，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Toimprovepeople'squalityoflifeandtospeedupsocialconstructionaretwoimportanttasks.提高人們的生活質(zhì)量和加快社會建設(shè)是兩項重要任務(wù)。四、“疑問詞＋動詞不定式(短語)”作主語動詞不定式(短語)可與疑問詞when,where,how,what,which,who等組合，在句中作主語。Wheretoholdthemeetingisstillunknown.會議地點還未知。Howtosolvetheproblemhasnotbeendecidedyet.如何解決這個問題還未決定。五、動詞不定式(短語)與動名詞作主語時的區(qū)別1．表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用動名詞；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭幼饔貌欢ㄊ健wimmingisfuninsummer.夏天游泳是有趣的事。Toswiminthisriverisagreatpleasure.在這條河里游泳是件非?？鞓返氖隆Ｗⅲ河袝r這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格。但要注意：主語和表語要用同一種形式；平行結(jié)構(gòu)中要用同一種形式。Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。Fishingishisfavoritehobby,andcollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.釣魚是他的愛好，收集硬幣也給他帶來極大的樂趣。2．下列句子中通常要用動名詞：It'snogood/usetalkingtohim.找他談是沒有用的/好處的。It'suselessdiscussingthematter.討論此事無益。Thereisnostoppinghim.無法阻止他。Noparking!禁止停車！3．下列句子中通常要用不定式：Ittookustwohourstogetthere.去那里我們花了兩個小時。ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.我們有必要學(xué)好英語。4．動名詞作主語并不是表示某動作正在進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的行為；不定式的進(jìn)行時作主語才表示具體的某一動作正在進(jìn)行。比較：It'snicehavingfriendstochatto.有朋友聊聊天是很愜意的。(經(jīng)常性、一般性或習(xí)慣性的行為)It'snicetobetalkingwithyouhere.在這里跟你交談是非常愉快的。(一次具體的正在進(jìn)行的行為)J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Ittookyearsofworktoreduce(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.②Walking(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.③Todothisis(be)tocutthefeettofittheshoes.④Itisdifficultforhimtoadmithismistakes.⑤Itwasselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Travelling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.2．Itisnecessaryforoceanstobeprotected(protect)frompollution.3．Itisanhonorformetobeinvited(invite)toattendthemeeting.4．ItissurprisingforTomtofinishsuchadifficulttaskinsuchashorttime.5．It'sveryimportantforthenewcomerstostudysomerules.6．Ithinkitisstupidofthemtoquarrelaboutwhichfootballteamisthebest.7．(2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)So,it'sbeenusefultoknow(know)howtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout.8．(2022·全國甲卷改編)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it'sconsideredveryrudetoeat(eat