UNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLE語篇解讀：健康的生活方式是減少疾病、應(yīng)對生活壓力和提高生活質(zhì)量的寶貴資源。那么，什么樣的生活方式才是健康的生活方式呢？WhatIsAHealthyLifestyle?Ahealthylifestyleisn'tjustdietandexercise.Sowhatisahealthylifestyle?Ingeneral,mostwouldagreethatahealthypersondoesn'tsmoke,isatahealthyweight,eatsabalanced①healthydiet,thinkspositively,feelsrelaxed,exercisesregularly,hasgoodrelationships②，andbenefitsfromagoodlifebalance.WhyIsItImportant?Ahealthylifestyleisavaluableresourceforreducingtheincidence(影響范圍)andimpactofhealthproblems,forrecovery,forcopingwithlifestresses,andforimprovingqualityoflife.Thereisagrowingbodyofscientificevidence③thatshowsourlifestylesplayahugepartinhowhealthyweare.Fromwhatweeatanddrink,tohowmuchexercisewetake,andwhetherwesmokeortakedrugs,allwillaffectourhealth,notonlyintermsoflifeexpectancy④，buthowlongwecanexpecttolivewithoutexperiencingchronicdisease.GoodHealthIs“Simple—ButIt'sNotEasy”Itissoimportanttomake“keepinghealthy”apartofourday-to-daylivinghabits.Yourhealthdependsonwhatyoudothroughouttheday,everyday.Ahealthylifestyleisabsolutelyvital.Hereisareallysimplesolution—slowlyimproveyourlifestyleinastep-by-stepway.Ifyoutakeonenewhealthstepeverytwomonths,forexample,intwotothreeyearsyouwillbeamongthehealthiesttenpercentofpeopleintheWesternworld.CanYouAdoptaHealthyLifestyle?Whateveryourage,fitnesslevelorbodyshape,it'snevertoosoonortoolatetostartthinkingaboutlivinghealthily.Youcantakeasteptowardshealthylivingbymakingonechangenowtoyourdailylife.Thatwon'tbesohard,willit?詞海拾貝①balancedadj.平衡的②relationshipn．關(guān)系③evidencen．證據(jù)④expectancyn．預(yù)期美句欣賞Fromwhatweeatanddrink,tohowmuchexercisewetake,andwhetherwesmokeortakedrugs,allwillaffectourhealth,notonlyintermsoflifeexpectancy,buthowlongwecanexpecttolivewithoutexperiencingchronicdisease.譯文：從我們吃什么和喝什么，到我們做了多少運動，無論吸煙還是吸毒，都會影響我們的健康，不僅在預(yù)期壽命方面，還有在沒有慢性疾病的情況下我們可以期待活多長時間。探究思辨1．Whatdoesahealthypersonusuallydo?DA．Goonadiet. B．Dosportsoutside.C．Smokeoccasionally. D．Apositiveattitude.解析：根據(jù)第二段中“...thinkspositively”可知，健康的人樂觀地思考。故選D。2．Whichisnotthebenefitofahealthylifestyle?CA．Dealingwithstresses.B．Improvingqualityoflife.C．Havingsharpmind.D．Reducingtheimpactofhealthproblems.解析：根據(jù)WhyIsItImportant？部分可知C.(思維敏捷。)不是文章中所陳述的健康生活方式的好處。故選C。3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?AA．Whatyoudothroughoutthedaydecidesyourhealth.B．Takeahealthstepeverydayintwomonthsandyouwillbeamongthehealthiestperson.C．Itistoolatetolivehealthilyatanoldage.D．Itishardtomakeachangetoyourdailylife.解析：根據(jù)GoodHealthIs“Simple—ButIt'sNotEasy”部分第二句“Yourhealthdependsonwhatyoudothroughouttheday,everyday.(你的健康取決于你每天所做的事情。)”可知，A項正確。根據(jù)該部分最后一句可知B項錯誤和CanYouAdoptaHealthyLifestyle？部分(無論你的年齡、健康水平或體型如何，開始考慮健康生活永遠(yuǎn)不會太早或太晚。從現(xiàn)在開始改變你的日常生活，你就可以向健康生活邁出一步。那也不難，對吧？)可知C、D項錯誤。故選A。外出就餐、點外賣已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代年輕人生活的一部分，然而許多深受消費者喜愛的食物中常常含有大量的油脂、鹽、糖，且它們往往是高熱量食物。這些食物是造成一些慢性疾病(如高血壓、糖尿病、脂肪肝等)年輕化的主要因素。同時，缺乏必要的身體鍛煉也加速了慢性疾病在年輕群體中的發(fā)作。TheNationalHealthCommissionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinarecentlyissuedareportonnutritioninwhichitwarnsthatmorethanhalfoftheadults,andnearly20percentofthoseagedbetween6and17inthecountryareoverweightorobese,andchronicdiseases,suchashighbloodpressure,diabetesandfattyliver,arebecomingpublichealththreats.Diningout,orderingtakeoutonline,andsnackingarepartofmodernlifestyle,whilethefactisthatsuchtypesoffoodscanoftenbehighincalories,fat,saltandsugar.Theuseofconvenientelectricandelectronicdevices,withasharpdeclineinallmajortypesofphysicalactivities,isanotherfactorleadingtopoorhealth.SectionⅠReadingandThinking課文預(yù)讀Ⅰ.快讀文章，把握大意1．Part1(Para.1) A．Howtochangeabadhabit.2．Part2(Para.2) B．Teenagerstendtoformbadhabits.3．Part3(Paras.3～4) C．Thehabitcyclehelpsunderstandthehabit formation.4．Part4(Para.5) D．Disciplinehelpsbreakabadhabit.5．Part5(Paras.6～7) E．Choicesleadtohabits.答案：1.B2.E3.C4.A5.DⅡ.精讀文章，品讀細(xì)節(jié)1．Whatcanbelearnedfromtheopeningtwoparagraphs?BA．Badhabitsformedasteenagerswilldisappearwhentheygrowup.B．Teenagersshouldn'tletharmfulhabitsdominatetheirlives.C．Choicescanleadtohabitswhicharerelativelyeasytochange.D．Peoplehavelittledifficultyremovingbadhabitsafterhardattempts.2．Whatdoestheword“facilitate”inParagraph5mean?AA．Tomakethingsmorelikelytohappen.B．Tostopthingsfromhappening.C．Tomakethingsgreaterinamount.D．Tobecomelessinimportance.3．Whichofthefollowingisapositiveroutinewhenstudentsencounteradifficultproblem?DA．Turntotheteacherforhelpimmediately.B．Checktheanswertotheprobleminthebook.C．SearchthesolutionontheInternet.D．Thinkindependentlyforawhilebeforeaskingforhelp.4．Whichgroupofpeoplearemostlikelytobreakawayfrombadhabits？CA．Adolescentswhooftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.B．Studentsexpectingasuddenchange.C．Adultsshowingdisciplineandtakingsmallsteps.D．Teenagersreluctanttomakeappropriatechanges.Ⅲ.重讀文章，激發(fā)潛能JustasAristotleputit，“Wearewhatwe1.repeatedly(repeated)do.”Inmanyaspects,ourlifestyleistheresultofthechoicesthatwehavemade.Soforminggoodhabitsisveryimportant,especiallyfor2.teenagers(teenager).That'sbecausebadhabits，ifnotcorrected,willhave3.abadeffectonouradultlife.Topreventharmfulhabitsfromdominatingourlife,weshouldmakeuse4.ofthe“habitcycle”tokickbadhabitsanddevelopgoodones.Firstwecanfacilitatepositivechangesbyexaminingourbadhabitcyclesandtryingtoadaptthem.Asidefromthis,weshouldalsoformgoodhabitsonpurpose.Gradually,we5.willberewarded(reward)byouractions.Ofcourse,badhabits,once6.formed(form),arenoteasyforustogetoutof.Somepeoplecangetoutofbadhabitsquicklywhileothersmighttrymanytimesuntiltheysucceed.Ifwecan'tsucceedstraightaway,don'tbecomepessimistic.Asamatteroffact,the7.mostsuccessful(successful)waytochangeisnotsuddenly,butoveraperiodoftime.8.AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Ajourneyofathousandmiles9.begins(begin)withasinglestep.”Aslongaswecontinuetotakesmallsteps,wearesure10.toget(get)ridofbadhabitsandbuildahealthylife.解析：1．考查副詞。句意：正如亞里士多德所說：“重復(fù)的行為造就了我們。”修飾動詞do應(yīng)該用副詞。repeatedly“反復(fù)地；再三地”。故填repeatedly。2．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：因此養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣是非常重要的，特別是對青少年而言。介詞for后面應(yīng)該用名詞作賓語，而teenager是可數(shù)名詞，且空前沒有冠詞等限定詞，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填teenagers。3．考查冠詞。句意：那是因為如果不改正那些壞習(xí)慣，它們將會對我們的成年生活產(chǎn)生不好的影響。haveabadeffecton...“對……有不好的影響”。故填a。4．考查介詞。此處指為了防止有害的習(xí)慣支配我們的生活，我們應(yīng)該利用“習(xí)慣周期”。makeuseof“利用”。故填of。5．考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：漸漸地，我們將被我們的行為獎勵。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)該用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填willberewarded。6．考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)然，對我們來說壞習(xí)慣一旦養(yǎng)成很難改掉。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是狀語從句的省略形式，form和邏輯主語badhabits之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞形式。onceformed的完整形式為oncetheyareformed。故填formed。7．考查形容詞的最高級。句意：事實上，最成功的改變方式不是突然的，而是經(jīng)過一段時間。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the以及空后的名詞way及句意判斷應(yīng)該用形容詞最高級。故填mostsuccessful。8．考查定語從句。句意：正如中國的一句俗語所說：“千里之行，始于足下?！狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，意為“正如，正像”。故填A(yù)s。9．考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處為格言、警句，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填begins。10．考查非謂語動詞。句意：只要持續(xù)地邁出一小步，我們肯定能擺脫壞習(xí)慣，建立一種健康的生活方式。besuretodosth.“肯定會做某事”。故填toget。閱讀技巧點撥通過因果關(guān)系猜詞1.首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。2.有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示前因后果。Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1．relyvi.依賴；依靠；信賴→reliableadj.可信賴的；可靠的2．a(chǎn)lcoholn．酒；酒精→alcoholicadj.酒精的，含酒精的3．a(chǎn)busen．濫用；虐待；辱罵vt.濫用；虐待；辱罵→abusern．濫用者；施虐者4．physicaladj.身體的；客觀存在的；物理學(xué)的→physicallyadv.身體上，身體上地→physicsn．物理學(xué)5．dominatevt.&vi.支配；控制；占有優(yōu)勢→dominationn．控制；支配6．repeatedlyadv.重復(fù)地→repeatedadj.反復(fù)的，再三的→repeatv．重復(fù)；重做7．psychologyn．心理學(xué)；心理；心理影響→psychologicaladj.心理的；心理學(xué)的；精神上的→psychologistn．心理學(xué)家，心理學(xué)者8．examinevt.(仔細(xì))檢查；審查；測驗→examinationn．考試；檢查；查問9．negativeadj.消極的；有害的；否定的→positiveadj.積極的；肯定的10．pessimisticadj.悲觀的；悲觀主義的→optimisticadj.樂觀的；樂觀主義的11．rewardn．回報；獎勵；報酬vt.獎勵；獎賞；給以報酬→rewardingadj.值得的，有意義的；賺錢的Ⅱ.高頻短語1．becomeinvolvedin使卷入，使陷入2．base...on把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上3．a(chǎn)ctas擔(dān)當(dāng)；充當(dāng)4．inresponseto回答；答復(fù)5．relyon依賴；依靠；信賴6．decideon決定；選定7．straightaway立即；馬上8．overandoveragain反復(fù)不斷地9．a(chǎn)ccordingto按照；根據(jù)……所說10．growup成長11．leadto導(dǎo)致；通向重點單詞1．a(chǎn)busen．濫用；虐待；辱罵vt.濫用；虐待；辱罵D典型例句Iwilltalkaboutsomeabusesoftheword.我將談一談這個詞被濫用的一些情況。Childabuseisnotallowedinourcountry.在我們國家是不允許虐待孩子的。Heabusedhispowertohelphissonbecomequalified.他濫用職權(quán)幫助兒子取得資格。Whoeverabusespetswillbepunished.無論誰虐待寵物都將受到處罰。T圖解助記S思維拓展shoutabuseat大聲咒罵alcoholabuse酗酒childabuse虐待兒童abuseone'spower/privilege/position濫用權(quán)力/特權(quán)/職權(quán)abuseone'strust辜負(fù)了某人的信任J即學(xué)即練完成句子①Icannotabusetheirtrust.我不能辜負(fù)他們的信任。②Don'tabuseyourfriends.不要辱罵你的朋友。③Theywereaccusedofabusingtheirpowertoraiseprices.他們被指控濫用權(quán)力來抬高價格。2．dominatevt.&vi.支配；控制；占有優(yōu)勢D典型例句Hetendedtodominatetheconversation.他往往左右著交談的內(nèi)容。Arsenaldominatedthefirsthalfofthematch.阿森納隊在上半場比賽中占據(jù)上風(fēng)。Shecompletelydominatesherfamilyandmakesallthedecisions.她家里的事完全由她作主，大事小事都是她說了算。S思維拓展dominatethepassions控制感情dominatethesituation主導(dǎo)局勢dominateover支配；影響dominationn．控制；支配J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thebookisexpectedtodominate(dominate)thebest-sellerlists.②Theyhadfivecenturiesofdomination(dominate)bytheRomans.完成句子③Asachildhewasdominatedbyhisfather.他小時候由父親主宰一切。④Hispersonalitydominatedovertheothermembersofthecommittee.他的人格影響了委員會的其他成員。3．rewardn．回報；獎勵；報酬vt.獎勵；獎賞；給以報酬D典型例句Hegavetheboyarewardof$100forbringingbackthelostdog.因為找回丟失的狗，他獎勵這個男孩100美元。Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness.她的好心沒有得到一點回報。HowcanIrewardyourkindness?我怎么才能報答你的恩情呢？S思維拓展(1)give/offerarewardtosb.for(doing)sth.為(做)某事而給某人報酬inreward(for)＝inreturn(for)作為(對……的)報答(2)rewardsb.with...for(doing)sth.為(做)某事而以……報答某人(3)rewardingadj.值得的，有意義的Y易混辨析award，rewardawardaward作名詞時，意為“獎品，獎金”，與prize用法相似。作動詞時，意為“授予，頒發(fā)”，常用搭配：awardsb.sth.＝awardsth.tosb.rewardreward作名詞時，意為“報酬、獎金或一些非金錢類的報酬”。作動詞時，多指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ鳌⒎?wù)、幫助而給予的報酬或獎賞，常用搭配：rewardsb.withsth.for(doing)sth.Q巧學(xué)助記J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewarded(reward)withsuccessintheend.②Thebossdecidedtogivearewardtohimforhispositiveattitudetowardswork.③(2023·全國甲卷)Aday'sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.④(2020·浙江卷)Itisrewarding(reward)totrynewthings.選詞填空(award/reward)⑤MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.⑥Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedwithasmile.⑦Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadtorewards.4．facilitatevt.促進；促使；使便利D典型例句Friendlycontactsbetweendifferentpeoplesfacilitatetheculturalandeconomicinterchange.各國人民的友好接觸促進文化和經(jīng)濟交流。Thenewtradeagreementshouldfacilitatemorerapideconomicgrowth.新貿(mào)易協(xié)定應(yīng)當(dāng)會加快經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。Structuredteachingfacilitateslearning.有條理的教導(dǎo)有利于學(xué)習(xí)。S思維拓展facilitatedoing有助于做facilitationn．促進；簡易化，助長J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thenewsystemfacilitatespronouncing(pronounce)Chinesecharacters.②Underthenewsituation,thereisanincreasingdemandfortradefacilitation(facilitate)．完成句子③Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.新機場將促進旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。④Thenewundergroundrailwaywillfacilitatethejourneytoallpartsofthecity.新的地下鐵路將為去城市各處提供方便。5．examinevt.(仔細(xì))檢查；審查；測驗D典型例句Thedoctorexaminedhercarefully.醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了她的身體。Examinetheaccountwellbeforeyoupayit.在付款以前仔細(xì)核對一下賬目。Heroughlyexaminedtheoldrecords.他粗略地檢查了一下舊記錄。S思維拓展examinefor檢/審查；檢驗……以尋找(毛病、錯誤等)examine(sb.)in在(某方面)考查/測試(某人)examineinto調(diào)查，查問examinationn．考試；檢查；查問J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexamine(examine)high-tensionelectricallines.②Theexamination(examine)inmathematicsisverydifficult.完成句子③(2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗分成不同的類別。④Itisnecessarytoexaminehowtheproposalscanbecarriedout.有必要調(diào)查一下怎樣才能實施這些建議。6．negativeadj.消極的；有害的；否定的D典型例句NowIamafraidofgettinganegativeresponse.現(xiàn)在真害怕收到否定的答復(fù)。Weshouldtryourbesttomakeallnegativefactorsbecomepositiveones.我們應(yīng)盡力化消極因素為積極因素。I'mlookingforahouse,butwithnegativeresultssofar.我在找一所房子，但至今沒有找到。S思維拓展benegativeabout...對……持否定態(tài)度negativeattitude消極的態(tài)度negativeexample反面例子negativeeffect負(fù)面影響negativelyadv.消極地；否定地positiveadj.積極的；肯定的J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyourjob,youmustn'tbenegativeaboutit.②Ifyouhangwiththewrongpeople,theywillaffectyounegatively(negative)．完成句子③Youcan'tlearnanythingwithnegativeattitude.你用消極的態(tài)度什么也學(xué)不到。④Hegaveusanegativeanswer.他給了我們一個否定的回答。7．disciplinen．自制力；紀(jì)律；學(xué)科vt.自我控制；管教；處罰D典型例句He'llnevergetanywhereworkingforhimself─he'sgotnodiscipline.他為自己工作是不會有什么成就的——他毫無自制力。Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline.這所學(xué)校因紀(jì)律嚴(yán)格而聞名遐邇。Appliedlinguisticsisanewandindependentdiscipline.應(yīng)用語言學(xué)是一門新興的獨立學(xué)科。Theworkmanwasdisciplinedbyhiscompanybutnotdismissed.這名工人被他的公司處罰了，但沒有被開除。S思維拓展keep/obey/observediscipline遵守紀(jì)律schooldiscipline校規(guī)discipline...for...因……而處罰……discipline...forarrivinglate因遲到而罰……disciplinesb.forbadbehavior因某人行為不端而予以處罰……J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Mathematicsandphysicsarerelateddisciplines(discipline)．②Theofficersweredisciplinedfortheirmistakes.8．pessimisticadj.悲觀的；悲觀主義的D典型例句IhavetosayI'mratherpessimistic.我得說我相當(dāng)悲觀。Herpessimisticattitudeturnshimoff.她那悲觀的態(tài)度很令他不高興。Thereisapessimistictonetowhatheissaying.他的話語中帶著悲觀的調(diào)子。S思維拓展bepessimisticabout...對……感到悲觀pessimismn．悲觀；悲觀情緒；悲觀主義optimisticadj.樂觀的；樂觀主義的optimismn．樂觀；樂觀主義J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thereisnoreasontobepessimisticaboutthefuture.②Idon'twanttohearanymorepessimism(pessimistic)．重點短語1．leadto導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)；通往……，通向D典型例句Lackofexercisecanleadtofeelingsofdepressionandexhaustion.缺乏鍛煉會導(dǎo)致抑郁和疲勞。(天津高考)Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.假火警是犯法的而且可能導(dǎo)致坐牢。AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬。注意：leadto中的to是介詞，后應(yīng)該接名詞或動名詞作賓語。含義同resultin/bringabout，意為“導(dǎo)致”。S思維拓展leadsb.todosth.使(導(dǎo)致)某人做某事leada...life過……樣的生活lead...to/into...把……領(lǐng)到/領(lǐng)進……leadtheway引路；帶路Thesecretaryfinallyledusintotheofficeofhisboss.秘書終于領(lǐng)我們進了他老板的辦公室。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.②Whenhewasyoung,hisbadeatinghabitsandlackofexerciseled(lead)tohealthproblems.③Herwordsledeveryonetothink(think)thathewasathief.完成句子④Heledtheway,andledustoavillageofTibet.Therewefoundthelocalpeopleleadingahappylife.他帶路，把我們領(lǐng)到了西藏的一個小村莊。在那里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^著幸福的生活。2．base...on把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上D典型例句Hebasedhistheoryonwhathehadfound.他的理論基于他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Theresearcher'sconclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant'sDNA.調(diào)查者的結(jié)論是以研究非洲大象的DNA為基礎(chǔ)的。S思維拓展bebasedon/upon...以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)atthebaseof...以……為基點；在……的底部J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thefamouswriterlikestobasehisstoriesonthereallifeofpeoplearoundhim.②Atthebaseofthegoldcup,thewords“madeintheUSA”hadbeenneatlyinscribed.完成句子③Theybasedthenewsreportonfacts.他們以事實為這篇新聞報道的基礎(chǔ)。④Thisnewsreportwasbasedonfacts.這篇新聞報道是以事實為基礎(chǔ)的。3.accordingto按照；根據(jù)……所說D典型例句(2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.根據(jù)市場分析人士的一項新研究，五分之一的英國人表示，觀看電視上的烹飪節(jié)目鼓勵他們嘗試不同的食物。AccordingtoMick，it'sagreatmovie.據(jù)米克說，這是一部了不起的電影。S思維拓展(1)accordingto中的to為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞或從句，在句中作狀語。(2)accordingto用來引出來自他人或他處的消息，不能與me或myopinion連用。若用“依我看”來表示自己的觀點，可用inmyopinion。J即學(xué)即練完成句子①AccordingtoJack/InJack'sopinion(在杰克看來),Chineseisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn.②Accordingto(根據(jù))thelatestsurvey,manyBritishsufferfromheartdisease.4．inresponseto回答；答復(fù)D典型例句Hediditinresponsetoaninnercalling.他受內(nèi)心欲望的驅(qū)使而做了那件事。Theydiditinresponsetoexternalpressures.他們這么做是迫于外界的壓力。S思維拓展makeapositiveresponseto...對……積極的反應(yīng)inresponse作為答復(fù)respondv．回答；響應(yīng)；反應(yīng)；反應(yīng)靈敏；反響respondto順從，服從；響應(yīng)J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Ireceivedanencouragingresponse(respond)tomyadvertisement.②Themeetingwascalledinresponsetoarequestfromcivilpeople.5．relyon/upon依賴；依靠；相信；信賴D典型例句Assomeoftheseactorscouldnotsingwellenough,theyhadtorelyonothermusicianstohelpthem.由于他們中的一些歌手唱得不夠好，他們不得不依靠其他音樂家來幫助他們。Nothavingfoundabetterway,wehadtorelyonhimtomakethedesign.由于沒有找到更好的方法，我們不得不靠他來完成這個設(shè)計。Thesuccessofthisprojectreliesoneveryonemakinganeffort.本項目的成功有賴于諸位的努力。S思維拓展relyonsb.todosth.指望/相信某人會做某事relyon(sb.doing)sth.依賴/信任/指望……relyonitthat...相信……；指望……W誤區(qū)警示①relyon后不直接跟賓語從句，須先接it作形式賓語，再接真正的賓語。②relyon僅表示“依靠，依賴，指望”，而dependon除表示“依靠，依賴”之外，還有“取決于，視……而定”之意。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①It'snotwisealwaystorelyon/uponothers'help.②Weshouldrelyonitthateverythingwillgowell.③Mostworkingwomenrelyonparentstohelp(help)lookaftertheirchildren.完成句子④Youmayrelyonitthathewillwinthematch.你要相信他能贏得比賽。⑤Simonismyclosefriend,whocanbereliedontodowhathepromises.西蒙是我親密的朋友，你可以相信他會兌現(xiàn)自己的承諾。6．decideon(對……作出)決定；選定D典型例句Itisstillraininganditisdifficulttodecideonadatetogoonourproject.天還在下雨，很難決定一個日期繼續(xù)我們的工程。Hehasdecidedonspendingthevacationbythesea.他決定在海邊度假。T圖解助記S思維拓展decideon(doing)sth.決定(做)某事decideagainstdoingsth.決定不做某事makeadecision作出決定cometo/reachadecision作出決定Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.決定一個新的行動方向并且逐次作出決定。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2022·全國甲卷改編)Attoday'smeetingwearetodiscussanddecideonthemosteffectiveapproachestothestudyofmathematics.②Intheend,hedecidedonspending(spend)hissummerholidaybythesea.句型轉(zhuǎn)換③IthoughtaboutLondonorGreece,butfinallydecidedthatIwouldgotoSydney.→IthoughtaboutLondonorGreece,butfinallydecidedonSydney.重點句型1．Thesebadhabits,ifleftunchecked,couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.這些壞習(xí)慣如果不加以控制，成年后可能會導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的壞習(xí)慣。J句式分析ifleftunchecked...是條件狀語從句的省略，其完整形式為：iftheyareleftunchecked...，狀語從句的省略的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(省略成分：從句主語＋be,適用的從句：時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句,省略條件：主從句主語一致或從句主語是it，,且從句謂語含有be))When(shewas)veryyoung,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.她很小就開始學(xué)彈鋼琴。When(heis)speakingEnglish,heoftenmakesmistakes.說英語時他常出錯。If(itis)necessary,ringmeathome.如果有必要，往我家里打電話。Q巧學(xué)助記巧記狀語從句的省略：時，條，讓，方，地，主語同，謂語be，二者省去不可惜，從句主語是it，省去it's也可以。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thoughannoyed(annoy)atTom'swords,sheforcedasmile.②Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,whennottreated(treat)intime,canbecomebiggeroneslateron.③(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving(drive),aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.④Ifaccepted(accept)forthejob,you'llbeinformedsoon.⑤I'minterestedinthemusicclubandI'dliketojoinitifpossible.完成句子⑥Ifpossible(如果可能),Iwilllearntocarve.⑦Whennecessary(必要的時候)，Iwillstepoutofmycomfortzone.2．So,whenwefeelunhappyagain,ratherthaneatsnacks,wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead,whichwillmakeusfeelrelaxed.所以，當(dāng)我們再次感到不開心時，與其吃零食，不如聽一些我們最喜歡的音樂，這會讓我們感到放松。J句式分析句中ratherthan連接兩個并列謂語。ratherthan可以作連詞，連接兩個并列的成分，如名詞、代詞、形容詞、介賓短語、不定式等。Theseshoesarecomfortableratherthanpretty.與其說這些鞋子漂亮，不如說穿起來舒服。TomratherthanhisparentsenjoyswatchingTV.湯姆，而不是他父母，喜歡看電視。I'llhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.我想喝冷飲，不想喝咖啡。Hedependsonyouratherthanonme.他依靠你而不是依靠我。S思維拓展eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prefertodo...ratherthando...,wouldratherdo...thando...,woulddo...ratherthando...))eq\a\vs4\al\co1(寧愿……,而不愿……)LiuHulanwouldratherdiethanyield.劉胡蘭寧死不屈。Hepreferstoplayratherthanwork.他寧可玩，而不愿工作。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①I,ratherthanyou,amresponsibleforthecaraccident.句式轉(zhuǎn)換②Hepreferredtodieratherthangiveintotheenemy.＝Hewouldratherdiethangiveintotheenemy.＝Hewoulddieratherthangiveintotheenemy.他寧死也不愿向敵人屈服。3.AstheChinesephilosopherLaoZiwrote,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”正如中國哲學(xué)家老子所言：“千里之行，始于足下。”J句式分析AstheChinesephilosopherLaoZiwrote是非限制性定語從句，as代替整個主句的內(nèi)容。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時放在主句前后或中間均可，意為“正如”，后邊的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，write，report等。S思維拓展asisknowntoall眾所周知asisexpected正如所預(yù)料的那樣asisreported正如所報道的那樣aseverybodyknows眾所周知asweallknow正如我們所知道的那樣asyoucansee正如你所看見的那樣asisoftenthecase這是常有的事Asisknowntousall,theearthisround.眾所周知，地球是圓的。Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.他缺席了，他經(jīng)常這樣。M名師點津as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分隔主句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。which常譯為“這，這件事”。(3)當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只能用which。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Theoutputofthefarms,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.完成句子②Aseverybodyknows,heisafamouswriterandwonmanyawards.眾所周知，他是一個著名的作家并獲得了很多獎項。難句分析1．Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.J句式分析N牛刀小試翻譯：好消息是，如果我們了解習(xí)慣是如何運作的，我們可以改變。2.Forexample,whenwefeelunhappy(cue),weeatlotsofunhealthysnacks(routine),whichmakesusfeelh