Unit9IlikemusicthatIcandanceto內(nèi)容提要：定語與定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句定語從句的主謂一致定語與定語從句舊知識復(fù)習(xí)定語定語的含義：定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，常譯為“…的”。animportantmeeting一場重要的會議（important修飾meeting作定語）aswimmingpool一個游泳池（swimming修飾pool作定語）定語的位置根據(jù)定語的位置可劃分為前置定語和后置定語前置定語：單個的形容詞或名詞作定語要放在被修飾詞的前面afamousuniversity一所著名的大學(xué)（單個形容詞famous作定語修飾university，放在university前面）anappletree一棵蘋果樹（單個名詞apple修飾tree，放在tree前面）后置定語單個的表地點或位置的副詞修飾名詞時，放在名詞后面themandownstairs樓下的男人（副詞downstairs修飾theman，放在其后面）thepassagebelow下面這篇文章（副詞below修飾thepassage,放在其后面）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞后置somethingimportant一些重要的事someonespecial某個特別的人介詞短語、形容詞短語、非謂語動詞短語作定語常后置thebookonthedesk桌子上的書acarworth$80,000一輛價值8萬美元的車（worth是形容詞）abookwrittenbyXuXu寫的一本書thehousesbuiltbythegovernment政府建的房子thefirstwomantowintheprize獲得這個獎項的第一位女性句子作定語（定語從句）要后置themanwhoisTom’sbrother那個是Tom的哥哥的男人thebookwhichAlicegavemeyesterday那本Alice昨天給我的書新知識學(xué)習(xí)定語從句定語從句的含義：整個句子修飾某個名詞充當(dāng)定語成分，把這個句子成為定語從句。定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面關(guān)系詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。TuYouyouisagreatChinesewomanwhowontheNobelPrize.此句中whowontheNobelPrize整個句子修飾woman，是一個定語從句。woman是先行詞，who是定語從句的關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：連接主句和從句作定語從句中的某個成分指代先行詞IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.此句中thatIcandanceto整個句子修飾music，是一個定語從句。其中that是關(guān)系詞，它連接了主語和從句，并且充當(dāng)定語從句的成分（充當(dāng)to后的賓語），并且指代先行詞music。關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系詞可以分為兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：在定語從句中充當(dāng)主干成分（主語、賓語、表語等）；主要有that;which;who;whom等。關(guān)系副詞：在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分；主要有when;why;where等。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句常用關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞that的用法當(dāng)先行詞是人或物時，可以用that連接定語從句。that在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。that在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時可以省略。Mr.GreenistherightpersonthatcantaketheplaceofDavid.ThepicturethatispaintedbyThompsonisworth$200.Thebook(that)Davidsenttomelastmonthislost.關(guān)系代詞who/whom的用法當(dāng)先行詞是人時，可以用who連接定語從句；who在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。當(dāng)who連接定語從句并充當(dāng)賓語成分時，可以用whom代替。who和whom充當(dāng)賓語時，可以省略。Theboywhobrokethewindowhasbeenpunishedbytheteacher.Thegirl(who/whom)ImetyesterdayisTom’ssister.關(guān)系代詞which的用法當(dāng)先行詞是物時，可以用which連接定語從句；which在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。which充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語成分時，可以省略。Thesephotoswhichweretakenbymygrandpaisvaluabletome.Themusic(which)Ilistenedtojustnowismyfavorite.關(guān)系代詞whose的用法whose既可以指代人，也可以指代物。whose連接定語從句時，充當(dāng)定語成分。Wesawahousewhosedoorfacednorth.(whose相當(dāng)于house’s)ThemanwhosehairisredisTom’sbrother.(whose相當(dāng)于theman’s)隨學(xué)隨練用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空ThebookcoverisblueismyEnglishbook.Chinaisacountryhasalonghistory.Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourmother?Ihaven’tseenacathasonlythreelegs.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?Anystudentfamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.【答案】whose;which/that;who/that;which/that;which/that;whose關(guān)系代詞的用法區(qū)別that與which的選擇先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,one,none等時，通常用thatShetoldmeeverythingthatsheknew.先行詞被最高級，all,no,few,any,little,some,much,theonly,thelast,thevery等修飾，通常用thatThisisthemostexcitingfootballgamethatIhaveseensofar.Mr.Smithistheonlyforeignerthatsheknows.先行詞既有人又有物，通常用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.當(dāng)定語從句中的介詞前移到關(guān)系代詞前且先行詞是物時，要用which連接定語從句試比較以下兩個例子：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependontheland(which/that)wegetourfoodfrom.that與who/whom的選擇先行詞是表示人的one(s),those,anyone等，常用who連接定語從句Thestudentyoushouldlearnfromistheonewhoworkshardandstudieswell.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife.當(dāng)定語從句中的介詞前移到關(guān)系代詞前且先行詞是人時要用whom連接定語從句，不用that和who試比較以下兩個例子：Thefriendwho/whom/thatwemetattheschoolgateisfromAmerica.Themantowhomthedoctoristalkingismyuncle.定義從句的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞連接定語從句作主語時，先行詞是單數(shù)，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)；先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。TheflowerswhichweregivenbyMrs.Whitesmellsogood.TheflowerwhichwaspaintedbyAliceissobeautiful.“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞時，從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式TomisoneofthestudentswhoareinterestedinChineseculture.DavidistheonlyoneofthestudentsthathasbeentoChina.隨學(xué)隨練用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空Shenevergivesintothosehavemoney.Februaryistheonlymonthhasfewerthan30days.Mysonmadenotesofeverythingheread.YesterdayImettheteacheroncetaughtusmaths.Theman,fromIlearnedthenews,isanengineer.

Thisisthebestfilmhasbeenshownsofarinthecity.Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.Canyourememberthescientistandhistheory(學(xué)說)wehavelearned?YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhouseinhewasborn.ThefirstplaceIwanttovisitinBeijingistheGreatWall.【答案】who;that;that;that/who;whom;that;whose;that;which;that關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞when的用法當(dāng)先行詞為時間名詞時，且定語從句不缺主干成分時，用when連接定語從句IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIstayedinShanghai.當(dāng)先行詞為時間名詞時，若定語從句缺主干成分時，要用which或that連接定語從句Iwillneverforgetthedaywhich/thatIspentinShanghai.(spent后缺賓語)關(guān)系副詞where的用法當(dāng)先行詞為地點名詞時，且定語從句不缺主干成分時，用where連接定語從句Wegottoaplacewheretherewasabridge.當(dāng)先行詞為地點名詞時，若定語從句缺主干成分時，要用which或that連接定語從句Wegottoasquarethat/whichwasinfrontofatallbuilding.關(guān)系副詞why的用法當(dāng)先行詞為原因名詞時，且定語從句不缺主干成分時，用why連接定語從句Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.當(dāng)先行詞為原因名詞時，若定語從句缺主干成分時，要用which或that連接定語從句Idon’tbelievethereasonthat/whichsheexplainedtoMr.Green.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇判斷定語從句是否缺少主干成分：若定語從句缺少主干成分，則選擇關(guān)系代詞；再根據(jù)先行詞為“人”還是“物”，確定關(guān)系詞。若定語從句不缺主干成分，則選擇關(guān)系副詞；再根據(jù)先行詞表示“時間”，“原因”或“地點”確定關(guān)系詞。試比較以下三組例子：Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwestayedinthelittlemountainousvillage?Doyoustillrememberthedaywhich/thatwespenttogetherinthelittlemountainousvillage?Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagainthismorning.Idon’tknowthereasonthat/whichheexplainedforhisbeinglateagainthismorning.Wecan’tforgetthecitywherewelivedfor10years.Wecan’tforgetthecitywhich/thatwelivedinfor10years.隨學(xué)隨練用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空Heboughtabookhedecidedtogivetohisfriend.Thereasonheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.Thereasonhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.Keepthebookinaplaceyoucanfinditeasily.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.Thefactoryhisfatherworksinisinthewestofthecity.Idon’tknowtheexacttimetheywillmeet.IstillremembertheplaceImetherforthefirsttime.Peoplewilltrustthosealwayskeeptheirpromises.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwaspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.【答案】that/which;that/which;why;where;when;which/that;when;where;who;which單項填空—TheLifelongJourneyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks________Ihaveeverread.—Yeah,thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto________itagain.A．that,reading B．which,toread C．that,toread【答案】A【詳解】句意：——《人世間》是我讀過的最感人的書之一?！堑?，這本書很棒，我期待著再讀一遍。考查定語從句和非謂語動詞。第一處是定語從句，有最高級修飾先行詞，只能用that，排除B；lookforwardtodoingsth“期待做某事”。故選A。LeiFengisagreatperson________setsagoodexampletous.A．who B．which C．whose【答案】A【詳解】句意：雷鋒是一個偉大的人，他給我們樹立了好榜樣。考查定語從句。此處是定語從句，先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故選A。Romeisanancientcity_______isfullofplacesofinterest.A.where B.which C.who【答案】B【詳解】句意：羅馬是一座充滿名勝古跡的古城。考查定語從句。句子是定語從句，先行詞是物“anancientcity”，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B?！狣oyoulikethemovie________iscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?—Sure.Ithinknomovieis________thanit.A.that;moretouching B.what;lesstouching C.that;moretouched D.which;lesstouched【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你喜歡《長津湖》這部電影嗎？——當(dāng)然。我認(rèn)為沒有哪部電影比它更感人了。考查定語從句和形容詞辨析。第一處是定語從句，先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，排除B。touching感人的；touched感動的。此處修飾電影，用ing結(jié)尾的形容詞，排除CD。故選A?！猈hatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero________keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeopl