2013-2014學(xué)年第二學(xué)期課程論文英美社會(huì)與文化EnglishTitle:TheCharacteristicsofAmericanEducationandImplications專業(yè)班級(jí)：英語2班學(xué)生姓名：莊玥學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)：201235272014年7月11日說明該課程論文選題要圍繞美國教育的特點(diǎn)以及對(duì)中國教育的啟示來進(jìn)行；字?jǐn)?shù)限制在1,500-2,000字，用英文撰寫；論文寫作格式要統(tǒng)一，包括：封面，正文結(jié)構(gòu)，參考文獻(xiàn)格式，A4紙打??；頁碼等；嚴(yán)禁抄襲，嚴(yán)禁直接從網(wǎng)上下載，一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)即判不及格。

TheCharacteristicsofAmericanEducationandImplicationsZhuangYueIntroductionTheAmericaneducationaldevelopmentistheprocessofceaselessself-developmentandinnovationprocess,istheformingprocessofdiversificationandawiderangeofsocialparticipationprocess.InAmerican,everyoneshouldhavetheopportunitytoreceivethebesteducation,andtodeveloptheindividualtalentsandabilities.Whatevertheyarepoororrich.ThecharacteristicsofAmericaneducationTheeducationalsystemEducationalsystemAgeCoursePrimarySchoolKindergarten4Kindergarten567Grade1ElementarySchool8Grade29Grade310Grade411Grade5SecondarySchoolMiddleSchool12Grade613Grade714Grade8HighSchool15Grade916Grade1017Grade1118Grade12CollegeandUniversity19Grade1320Grade1421Grade1522Grade16GraduateSchool23-2.1EarlyChildEducationThefirstyearatschooliscalledkindergarten.ItisrequiredofallAmericanchildrenenrolledintheAmericaneducationsystem.Thesecondyearatschoolisconsideredthefirstyearofprimaryschoolandisreferredtoasfirstgrade.InAmerica,thewordgradehastwomeanings:Thefirstisthescoreachievedonanexamorinacourse,andthesecondisayearofeducationinprimaryorsecondaryschool.Primaryschoolmostcommonlyconsistsoffiveyearsofeducation,referredtoasfirstthroughfifthgrades.Inprimaryschool,courseforchildrenincludereading,writingandtherearealsocourse(suchashistory,geography,andcivicsofgovernment),science,art,andmusic.Studentscanalsolearncookingandmanualskillssuchascarpentryandsewing.2.2SecondaryEducationUponcompletionoffifthgrade(thelastyearofprimaryschool),AmericanchildrenenrolledintheAmericaneducationsystemadvancetosecondaryschool.Secondaryschoolmostcommonlyconsistsofatotalofsevenyears,referredtoassixththroughtwelfthgrades.Theninththroughtwelfthgradesaremostcommonlyreferredtoashighschool.Uponcompletionoftwelfthgrade,Americanstudentsareawardedacertificatecalledthehighschooldiploma.IntheAmericaneducationsystem,studentsmusthaveobtainedahighschooldiplomabeforetheyareadmittedintocollegeoruniversity.ForeignstudentswhowouldliketoattendanAmericancollegeoruniversitymusthavecompletedcourseworkthatisequivalenttowhatistaughtatanAmericanhighschool.ForeignstudentswhowouldliketoattendanAmericanhighschool,needtoconsiderhowthehighschooltheyselectwillgivethemaccesstothebestcolleges.Inmosthighschools,inadditiontogeneraleducation,thereisalsovocationaltrainingforspecificoccupations.Throughthiskindsoftraining,studentsmayobtainenoughskillstoworkassecretaries,orautomobilemechanics,etc.HighSchoolEducationForalongtime,Americahasledtheworldinhigher,education,quantitativelyatleast.TheaggregatenumberofU.S.institutionsofhighereducationis,atlastcount,3,280.Thisfigurerepresentsoneinstitutionforevery75,000Americans.Slightlymorethanhalfofallinstitutionsofhighereducationareprivatelysupportedmanyofthembyreligiousgroups.InAmericancollegesanduniversities,avastarrayofsubjectsisoffered.Thestudentcansampledifferentfieldsofknowledge,butheusuallymajorsinonefieldduringlasttwoyearsofcollege.Ifhewishes,hemayobtainprofessionaltrainingattheundergraduatelevel,forexample,inaccounting,teaching,journalism,ordramatics.Certainstatecollegesspecializeintrainingagriculturalexpertsandengineers.Mostimportantly,theyworkintensivelywithstudentswritingthesisordissertations.Guidingmaster'sandPh.d.candidatesthroughthefinalwritingandexaminationstagesoftheirprogramsmaybeseenasanextensionoftheteachingact;nevertheless,ittakesupmuchfacultytime.Herethefacultymemberbecomesbothcriticandeditorofmanuscriptswhichmaybeseveralhundredpagesinlength.CollegeandUniversityStudentswhohavecompletedhighschoolandwouldliketoattendcollegeoruniversitymustattendwhatisreferredtoasanundergraduateschool.Theseareschoolsthatoffereitheratwo-yeardegree(calledanassociatedegree)orafour-yeardegree(calledabachelorschool)inaspecificcourseofstudy.Thatcourseofstudyiscalledthemajor.Whilemostschoolsthatofferafour-yeardegreewilladmitstudentswhohavenotyetchosenamajor,allstudentsarerequiredtoselect(ordeclare)amajorbytheirsecondyearatschool.Studentswhocompleteanassociatedegreecancontinuetheireducationatafour-yearschoolandeventuallycompleteabachelordegree.Thereareovertwothousanduniversities,collegesorotherhighereducationinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Theterm“college”referstoaninstitutionrequiringasecondaryschoolcertificateforadmission.Acollegemayormaynotbeapartofuniversity.Auniversitymayhavemanybranches.Aboutaquarterofallthecollegesanduniversitiesareprivate.Everystatehasatleastonepublicuniversity.Buttheacademicprogrammersaresimilarintheseprivateandpublicuniversities.TherearethreetypesofinstitutionsofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thefirsttypeisthetwo-yearcollege,originallycalleda“juniorcollege”.Nowitisnameda“communitycollege”,whichservicesasabridgethatconnectssecondaryschoolsanduniversities.Thesecondtypeisthefour-yearcollege,oftencalleda“l(fā)iberalartscollege”ora“collegeofartsandscience,”whosecurriculumisconfinedtohumanities,socialandbehaviorscienceandnaturalscience.ThethirdtypeistheAmericanuniversity,whichisaninstitution,morecomprehensiveandcomplexthananyotherkindofUShighereducationalestablishment.Manyuniversitieshaveoneormoreprofessionalschools,suchasmedicine,dentistry,law,veterinarymedicine,etc.Andtheymayhaveavarietyofresearchunitsinvariousfields.Therearethreewaysofdividinguptheacademicyear.Thesemestersystemdividestheyearintotwoequaltermsofabout16weeks.Thequartersystemconsistsofthreetermsofabout11weekswiththefourthheldduringthesummermonth.Thetrimestersystemhasthreeequaltermsofabout15weekseach.Therearetwokindsofmaster’sdegree.Thefirstrequiresadissertationpaper,whichcountsforacertainnumberofcreditsthatusuallyconstitutepartofthedegreeprogram.Thesecondkinddoesn’trequireadissertationpaper,butcreditsarerequiredintheprocessofstudy.Anoralorwrittenexaminationmayalsoberequiredforthedegreethatdoesn’trequireadissertationpaper.Studentswhohaveobtainedabachelor’sdegreecancontinuetheireducationbypursuingoneoftwotypesofdegrees.Thefirstisamasters’degree.Thisisusuallyatwo-yeardegreethatishighlyspecializedinaspecificfield.Studentsaresometimesadmittedtoamaster’sdegreeprogramonlyiftheyhaveabachelor’sdegreeinacloselyrelatedfield.However,therearemanyexceptionstothis,suchaswithstudentswhowanttopursueaMaster’sinBusinessAdministration(MBA)degree.Studentswhowanttoadvancetheireducationevenfurtherinaspecificfieldcanpursueadoctoratedegree,alsocalledaPhD.APhDdegreecantakebetweenthreeandsixyearstocomplete,dependingonthecourseofstudychosen,theabilityofthestudent,andthethesisthatthestudenthasselected.Thethesisisaveryintensiveresearchpaperthatmustbecompletedpriortoearningthedegree.ItisalwaysrequiredofstudentspursuingaPhD,andmaysometimesberequiredofstudentspursuingamaster’sdegree(dependingontheschool).CertaincoursesofstudyareonlyavailableatthegraduateschoollevelinAmerica.Themostnotableofthesearelaw,dentistry,andmedicine.Studentswhowanttopursueadegreeinoneofthesefieldsmustfirstobtainabachelor’sdegree.3.ImplicationsonChineseEducationHavesaidsomuchabove,wecanseethatAmericaneducationhavelotsdifferencesbetweenourChineseeducations.First,theFederalgovernmenthasnopowertomakelawsinthefieldofeducation,sotheydon’thavetothinkofthebenefitsofthegovernment,whattheyshoulddoisjustteachingandtellstudentsrightfromwrong.HoweverinChina,ourschoolsareinfluencedbythegovernment,so,theteacherhavetotellusthepositivethingsinsteadthefactaboutourgovernment.Second,unlikeChina,thereisnoentranceexambeforewegotothehighschoolinAmerican,sothattheAmericanchildrencanenjoytheirchildrenhoodandtraintheinterestsoneveryfields.Whenwearebusyonourexam,theyaremakingtheirplanforthefuture!TotheChinese,althoughtheyhadbeenworkinghard,theywaspoorinindependence.Whatwecanseefromtheparentsandchildrenintheindulgencewasthattheywerecontentwiththestatusquoandmoreconservativelikethedoctrineofthemean.Inturn,thesecharacteristicsmaketheChineseeducationmoreoriented.Ofcourse,italsohasgreatinfluencefromtheancientimperialexaminations.Chinesestudentslearnthowtogetintotheuniversityandthenfindagoodjobfromschoolinsteadoflearningtherealskills.Studentsseldomlearnthetrueskillfromthebooksbutlearnthowtodealwiththeexam.Theteacherwasforcedtoforcethestudentstocompletetheirhomework.4. ConclusionInshort,AmericaneducationmodedonotfitforChineseandChineseeducationmodeisnotgoodfortheAmericansatthesametime.