Nucleicacids:theinformationcarrierInformationformakingproteinsisstoredinnucleicacids.ProteinsNucleicacids(mainlyDNA)Chapter2Nucleicacids2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure2.3DNAastheGeneticMaterial2.4DNAintheCell2.5RNA(RibonucleicAcid)2.6Experiments2.1遺傳物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)2.2核酸與DNA結(jié)構(gòu)2.3DNA作為遺傳物質(zhì)2.4細(xì)胞中的DNA2.5RNA（核糖核酸）2.6實驗研究VocabularyofDay3(1/4)nucleicacidgeneticmaterialinheritnucleotidenitrogenousbasetriphosphatebasephosphateribosedeoxyribose核酸遺傳物質(zhì)遺傳，繼承核苷酸含氮堿基三磷酸（基團(tuán)）堿基磷酸根核糖脫氧核糖VocabularyofDay3(2/4)hydroxylgrouppurineadenineguaninepyrimidinecytosinethymineuracilribonucleotidedeoxyribonucleotide羥基嘌呤腺嘌呤鳥嘌呤嘧啶胞嘧啶胸腺嘧啶尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸脫氧核糖核苷酸VocabularyofDay3(3/4)ribonucleicaciddeoxyribonucleicacidphosphodiesterbondthreeprimeendfiveprimeendsugar-phosphatebackbonesingle-strandedDNAdoublestrandedDNAdoublehelixcomplementary核糖核酸（RNA）脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）磷酸二酯鍵3’末端5’末端糖-磷酸骨架單鏈DNA雙鏈DNA雙螺旋互補(bǔ)的VocabularyofDay3(4/4)anti-parallelbase-stackingmajorgrooveminorgroovenanometerdenaturedenaturationabsorbanceabsorbadsorb反向平行的堿基堆積（DNA）大溝（DNA）小溝納米變性（動詞）變性（名詞）吸收（名詞）吸收（動詞）吸附2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterialItmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins.Itmustbestable.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange.Itmustbeabletobecopied.它必須能夠保持如何生產(chǎn)蛋白質(zhì)的信息。它必須是穩(wěn)定的。它必須具有容忍變化的能力。它必須能夠被復(fù)制。Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins

1．它必須能夠保持如何生產(chǎn)蛋白質(zhì)的信息Itmustbestable/2．它必須是穩(wěn)定的Lizard:1,000,000B.C.Lizard:2008A.D.Nochange!Itmustbestable/它必須是穩(wěn)定的Age:15Age:45Age:75Nochange!Nochange!3.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange

3．它必須具有容忍變化的能力Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange

它必須具有容忍變化的能力MUTAtiOnItmustbeabletobecopied

4．它必須能夠被復(fù)制2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure

2.2核酸與DNA結(jié)構(gòu)2.2.1Nucleotides /2.2.1核苷酸Nucleotidesarecomposedofthreeparts:1)anitrogenousbase,2)asugar,and3)atriphosphate.N-glycosidicbond1)Nitrogenousbase

/含氮堿基2)Sugar/糖Nooxygenhere!Ribonucleotidesanddeoxyribonucleotides

核糖核苷酸與脫氧核糖核苷酸3)Triphosphate

/三磷酸2.2.2GeneralStructureofNucleicAcids

2.2.2核酸的一般結(jié)構(gòu)deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)ribonucleicacid(RNA)Phosphodiesterbond

/磷酸二酯鍵Threeprimeend

andfiveprimeend

三一撇末端與

五一撇末端Sugar-phosphatebackbone/糖-磷酸骨架NegativechargesNucleosome/核小體Chapter72.2.3StructureofDNA/2.2.3DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)Double-strandedDNAHydrogenbondsBasepair/堿基對ComplementarybasepairsAntiparallelDNAstrands

反向平行的DNA鏈TheDNAdoubleHelix/DNA雙螺旋MinorgrooveMajorgroove2nanometers1turn=10bases=3.4nanometersBasestackingDenaturationofDNA/DNA變性LightabsorbancebyDNADNA對光的吸收λ=260nmλ=260nmssDNAdsDNANowshowing

Macromolecules–NucleicAcidsFile:biophoto7\Life\Macromoleculs–NucleicAcids(3’)Summary/小結(jié)

Chapter2Nucleicacids2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure2.3DNAastheGeneticMaterial2.4DNAintheCell2.5RNA(RibonucleicAcid)2.6Experiments第2章核酸2.1遺傳物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)2.2核酸與DNA結(jié)構(gòu)2.3DNA作為遺傳物質(zhì)2.4細(xì)胞中的DNA2.5RNA（核糖核酸）2.6實驗研究2.1PropertiesofaGeneticMaterial

2.1遺傳物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins.Itmustbestable.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange.Itmustbeabletobecopied.它必須能夠保持如何生產(chǎn)蛋白質(zhì)的信息。它必須是穩(wěn)定的。它必須具有容忍變化的能力。它必須能夠被復(fù)制。Itmustbeabletoholdinformationforhowtomakeproteins

1．它必須能夠保持如何生產(chǎn)蛋白質(zhì)的信息Itmustbestable/2．它必須是穩(wěn)定的Lizard:1,000,000B.C.Lizard:2005A.D.Nochange!3.Itmusthavesomecapacityforchange

3．它必須具有容忍變化的能力Itmustbeabletobecopied

4．它必須能夠被復(fù)制2.2NucleicAcidsandDNAstructure

2.2核酸與DNA結(jié)構(gòu)2.2.1Nucleotides /2.2.1核苷酸Nucleotidesarecomposedofthreeparts:1)anitrogenousbase,2)asugar,and3)atriphosphate.N-glycosidicbond2.2.2GeneralStructureofNucleicAcids

2.2.2核酸的一般結(jié)構(gòu)deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)ribonucleicacid(RNA)Phosphodiesterbond

/磷酸二酯鍵Threeprimeend

andfiveprimeend

三一撇末端與

五一撇末端Sugar-phosphatebackbone/糖-磷酸骨架Negativecharges2.2.3StructureofDNA/2.2.3DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)Double-strandedDNAHydr