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第第頁2024屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)突破定語從句專題課件(共26張PPT)(共26張PPT)

定語從句

AttributiveClause

定語從句的概念

定語從句是修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句,即由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)定語。

It’saninventionwhichisusedforkeepingofftherain.

YoumustdoeverythingthatIcando.

定語從句的分類

限制性定語從句:與先行詞關(guān)系密切。如果去掉定語從句,主句不完整,與先行詞之間無逗號(hào)。

Heaskedmeaquestionwhichwasaboutmystudyatschool.

非限制性定語從句:對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用。如果刪除,主句意義仍然完整,與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)。

MyauntAlice,whomIhaven'tseenforyears,iscomingnextmonth.

如果去掉紅色部分,句子意思顯然不完整。

如果去掉紅色部分,主句意思仍然沒有多大影響。

定語從句的關(guān)鍵要素

先行詞:被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系詞的分類

關(guān)系詞的功能

關(guān)系代詞:who/whom,that,which,as,whose

關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why

①引導(dǎo)定語從句

②代替先行詞

③在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)句法成分

關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

that可以指人或指物;在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

指物:Thisisabookthatinterestsalargenumberofpeople.(作主語)

Isanything(that)Icandoforyou(作賓語)

指人:Hethatwouldeatthefruitmustclimbthetree.(作主語)

Heisaman(that)youcansafelytrust.(作賓語)

注:①關(guān)系代詞that、which、who(賓格whom)在從句中作賓語時(shí),特別是在口語或非正式的書面表達(dá)中,常常省略。

②that不用于非限制性定語從句。

③that不可置于介詞后作賓語。

which/who/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

which指物;在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.(作主語)

Thefish(which)Iboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.(作賓語)

who/whom指人;在句中分別充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

TheexpertwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.(作主語)

Ishetheboywhoalwayswinsmathscompetitions.(作主語)

Theone(who/whom)wearetalkingaboutisascientist.(作賓語)

ThisistheteachertowhomIreferred.(作賓語)

關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞既可是人,也可是物;whose在句中作定語。

先行詞(人):Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherisstudyingabroad.

Italkedwiththemanwhosehousewasdestroyedintheflood.

先行詞(物):Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.

HehaswrittenabookwhosenameI’veforgotten.

注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞whose指代物時(shí)可以用“ofwhich”替換。如:

I’dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.

=I’dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

=I’dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.

關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as引導(dǎo)定語,在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

①若為限制性定語從句,as多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;asmany/muchas;so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).

Hereissobigstoneasnoonecanlift.(注意此結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句so…that…區(qū)分)

比較:Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

②若為非限制性定語從句,as常常單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,這種定語從句可置于句首,句中或句尾,譯為“正如”“這一點(diǎn)”。(動(dòng)詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)

Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(as作賓語,先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)

關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as引導(dǎo)定語,在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。

②若為非限制性定語從句,as常常單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,這種定語從句可置于句首,句中或句尾,譯為“正如”“這一點(diǎn)”。(動(dòng)詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)

Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作賓語)

=Asitknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.(as作主語)

=It’sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone’shealth.

=Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,asweallknow.(as作賓語)

=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone’shealth.

注:由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。

asasyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpect;aswehaveimagined…

as2.as;3.whose;4.that;5.As;6.where;7.which

練習(xí)

8.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,______isalwaysbusyattheweekend.

9.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasall______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.

10.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,without_________therewon'tbemuchwork.

11.Thevisitor____________passportwasstolenwasonhiswaytotheUS.

12.Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar____________hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.

13.Faye'sfondestmemoryisoflastyear,___________theclubgaveateapartyforherbirthday.

14.Theresultofthestudyindicatedthatitwasthetypeoffat____________madedifference.

15.Sailingacrosstheoceanalonewasanachievement____________tookcourage.

Keys:8.which;9.that;10.which;11.whose;12.that/which;13.when;14.that;15.that/which

練習(xí)

16.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

17.Alecaskedthepolicemanwith____________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.

18.Icanthinkofmanycases____________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.

19.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfiiendassomeonewith____________theycantalkfrequently.

20.Ifshophaschairs____________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillbehappytoshop.

Keys:16.where;17.whom;18.where;19.whom;20.where

定語從句關(guān)系詞that的特殊用法

限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況

①先行詞為不定代詞all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。

Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.

②先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)。

Theonlythingthatwecoulddowaswait.

③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

④先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

定語從句關(guān)系詞that的特殊用法

限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況

⑤先行詞既有人又有物,這時(shí)宜用that.

Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywell-known.

⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)。

YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

⑦如果有兩個(gè)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

定語從句關(guān)系詞that的特殊用法

限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況

⑧疑問詞是who或which,關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免重復(fù)。

Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest

Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate

⑨主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞。

Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

⑩被修飾成分為表語時(shí),或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.

Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.

定語從句關(guān)系詞which的特殊用法

定語從句中只能用which的情況

①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí)。

Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives

②在非限制性定語從句中。

Crusoe‘sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)

③當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí)。

Here’stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

定語從句關(guān)系詞which的特殊用法

定語從句中只能用which的情況

④在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用which.

Letmeshowyouthenovel,thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

⑤先行詞本身是that,宜用which.

What’sthatwhichsheislookingat

⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

定語從句關(guān)系詞who的特殊用法

只能用who的情況

①先行詞是指人的不定代詞或人稱代詞,如:anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he等。

Anyonewhoservesclassmatesisworthpraising.

Idislikethosewhotalkbig.

②Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語指人,定語從句用who.

Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.

練習(xí)

1.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea_________interactwithoneanother.

2.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform_________visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.

3.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof_________arefamilymembers.

4._________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.

5.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_________theylive.

6.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.

7.Thereisnosimpleanswer,_________isoftenthecaseinscience.

Keys:1.that;2.where;3.whom;4.As;5.where;6.that/which;7.which

練習(xí)

8.Hemaywinthecompetition,in_________caseheislikelytogetintothenati

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