Unit1:TextBTheNormandyLandings全新版綜合4unit1bSR_mainCultureNotesReadingComprehensionTask全新版綜合4unit1bDwightDavidEisenhowerD-DayCultureNotesSR_CN_main全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.1DwightDavidEisenhowerDwightDavidEisenhower(1890—1969)thepopularWorldWarIIgeneralandthe34thPresidentoftheUnitedStates全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.21.AbriefintroductionBorninTexasandraisedinKansas,Eisenhowerwasageneralandpoliticalleaderofthetwentiethcentury.AssupremecommanderinEuropeoftheforcesoftheAlliesduringWorldWarII,hedirectedtheinvasionofNormandyonD-DayandledintheoverthrowoftheNazigovernmentofGermany.HelaterorganizedthemilitaryforcesoftheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization.In1952,hispopularitywassohighthatboththeDemocratsandtheRepublicanswantedhimforapresidentialcandidate;hechosetheRepublicans.“ILikeIke”wasapopularsloganofhiscampaigns.HedefeatedtheDemocraticcandidate,AdlaiStevenson,inboth1952and1956.In全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.2office,henegotiatedtheendoftheKoreanWarandgenerallypursuedmoderatepolicies.HisyearsasPresidentweremarkedbyincreasingprosperityathome,althoughthecoldwarwiththeSovietUnioncontinuedabroad.RichardNixonwasEisenhower’svicepresident.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.22.HischronologyBornDwightDavidEisenhower,inDenison,Texas.JULY1,1916MarriesMamieGenevaDowd.

1932BecomesstaffofficerunderGeneralDouglasMacArthur.JUNE25,1942AssumescommandofU.S.forcesinEurope.

DECEMBER24,1943AppointedtoorchestratetheAlliedinvasionsofnorthern

andwesternEurope.OCTOBER14,1890全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.2JUNE6,1944LeadstheD-DayinvasionofEurope.

BecomesPresidentofColumbiaUniversity.NamedsupremecommanderofNATOlandforces.JANUARY20,1953Inauguratedas34thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,alongwithRichardNixonashisvicepresident.

DiesinWashington,D.C.;

buriedinAbilene,Kansas.JUNE7,1948DECEMBER19,1950MARCH28,1969全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.13.AvideoclipabouthimDirections:HereisavideoclipaboutDwightD.Eisenhower.Afteryouwatchit,youarerequiredtosaysomethingabouthimwithyourpartnerorinyourgroup.Youcanadoptdifferentwaystodothatsuchasretelling,dialog,interviewandsoon.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.1_pop全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.2_pop1全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.2_pop2全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes1.2_pop2全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes2.2D-DayDirections:ThistextdescribestheNormandyLandingsindetailandD-Dayisitscodename.Nowhereisavideoclipaboutitandyoucanhaveavisual-auralexperienceofit.Youcanseethetranscriptofitifnecessary.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_CultureNotes2.1Now,onJune6,1944Eisenhowerwasreadyandthefirstwavesofnearly2millionalivetroopsailedforNormandy.AgiantArmandaof4,000ships.Theskieswerealivewithalightplanespoundingroadandrealnetworks.GermanreinforcementforNormandywillbeslowinarrivingandtiredanddisorganizedaftertheircontinualhammeringfromtheair.Germandefensesonthebeachesweresoftenupbymassivebombardment.TheyexpectedanattackacrosstheStraitsofDoverandthelandingatNormandycameasacompletetacticalsurprise.ThiswasacrucialattackatthepowerofNaziGermany.ThiswastheD-Day.ItwasthegreatestamphibiousinvasionofalltimeandevenStalinwasforcetoadmitthathistoryofwarfareknowsnootherlikeundertakingfromthepointofviewofitsscale,itsvastconceptionanditsmasterlyexecution.BytheendofD-Day,morethanaquarterofamillionofalivetroopswerefirmlyestablishedinFrenchsoil.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text1WouldnaturebeonthesideoftheAlliedforcesastheypreparedtoinvademainlandEuropeorwoulditfavourtheGermans?Noonewascertain.TheNormandyLandingsAnthonyWardThelargestandmostambitiousmilitaryexpeditioninhistorywastheinvasionofNormandyinnorthernFrancebyBritish,AmericanandCanadianforcesthattookplaceinthesummerof1944.Evennatureplayedarole.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text2Ittookmorethanayearformilitaryplannerstoorchestrateeverymovementoftroops,artillery,shipsandaircraftandtoseteverythinginplaceforthemovethatwastoopenupasecondfrontinEurope.ThiswouldliberateFranceandopenthewayforthefinalassaultonGermanyitself.Everythingwascontrolled;rightdowntotheplacementofmilitarydecoysacrosstheEnglishChanneltofooltheGermansintothinkingtheattackwouldcomefromBritain’sclosestpointtoFranceatPasdeCalais[PasdeCalais:thepartofFranceclosesttotheBritishIsles]ratherthaninNormandyasplanned.Everythingwascontrolled,thatis,excepttheweather.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text3D-Day,thecodenamegiventothedayofinvasion,wasoriginallyscheduledfor5June1944.Thisdatehadbeenarrivedatbyconsideringtwofactors—moonlightandtide.Thehouroftheinvasionwouldneedtobenearsunrise,whentheseabornetroopswouldhavearisingtide.Thiswouldenablethemtolandclosetotheobstaclesthathadbeenplacedtohindertheirlandingwithoutcomingashoreontopofthem.Theparatroopersneededafullmoonforvisibility.Thedayswiththepropertide-moonlightformulaclosesttothetargetdatewere5,6and7June.ThefifthwaschosenforD-Daytoallowasafetymargin

incase

theattackneededtobepostponed.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text4Inadditiontomoonlightandfavourabletides,calmseaswereneededforthecrossing.Butanunusually

stormytransitionfromspringtowardsummerthatyear

heldout

littlehopethattherewouldbeasuitablebreakintheweather.ItalsomeantthepossibilitythatOperationOverlord,astheinvasionwascalled,mighthavetobepostponeduntillaterintheyearoreventhefollowingyear.Withthearrivalof5June,theweatherwassobadthatGeneralEisenhower[DwightDavidEisenhower(1890-1972):nicknamedIke.USgeneral,CommanderoftheAlliedExpeditionaryForce(1943-1945)and34thPresidentoftheUS(1953-1961)],supremecommanderoftheinvasionforces,wasforcedtopostponetheinvasionbyoneday.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text5Whenhemetwithhisstafftoreviewtheiroptions,theywerefacedwiththegrimrealitythat6JunedidnotlookmuchbetterthantheoriginalD-Day.Themeteorologicalreportgaveathinrayofhopethatalullinthestormwouldallowenoughtimetolaunchtheinvasion.Consultationswentonlateintothenightonwhethertopressahead.Opinionsweredivided.Finally,Eisenhowermadehisdecision.“Iamquitepositivewemustgivetheorder,”hesaid.“Idon’tlikeit,butthereitis.Idon’tseehowwecandoanythingelse.”Withinhours,anarmadaof3,000landingcraft,2,500otherships,and500navalvesselsbegantoleaveEnglishports.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text6Meanwhile,criticalerrorsbytheGermansideallowedthemtobetakencompletelybysurprise.Duetothebadweather,theGermannavycancelleditsusualpatroloftheEnglishChannel.Also,apracticedrillscheduledforJune6wascalledoff.TheGermanmeteorologicalserviceswereunawareofthebreakintheweather.Ontheeveoftheattack,manyofthetopGermanleaderswereabsentfromtheircommands.Rommel[ErwinRommel(1891-1944)nicknamedtheDesertFox.Germanfieldmarshal,notedforhisbrilliantgeneralshipinnorthAfricainWorldWarII.LateracommanderinFrance.Hecommittedsuicideaftertheofficers’plotagainstHitler.],thegeneralinchargeofthecoastaldefences,wasinGermanyvisitinghiswifeonherbirthday,andseveralofficersweresomedistanceawayinRennes[Rennes:cityinnorthwestFrance]orontheirwaythereforawar-gameexercise.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text7TheassaultonNormandybeganat12:15a.m.,whenthepathfindersfortheAmericanairborneunitslefttheirplanesandparachutedtoearth.Fiveminuteslater,ontheothersideoftheinvasionarea,theBritishpathfindersmadetheirjump.Thepathfinderswerespeciallytrainedtofindandmarkthedropzones.Themainairborneassaultwastocommencewithinthehour.Theairborneattackbecameconfusedbecauseofstiffwindsandtheevasiveflyingofthetransportplaneswhentheyencounteredanti-aircraftfire.Asaresult,theparatrooperswerescatteredoverawideareaandmostmissedtheirdropzones,somebyasmuchas20miles.Othercomplicationswerecausedbytheterrain,andtheworstterrainwasontheCotentinPeninsula.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text8TheGermanshadlacedtheopenfieldswithanti-personnelandgliderstakesandfloodedthelowareas.ThefloodingcausedthemosttroublefortheAmericansofthe101stand82ndAirbornedivisions,withmanyofthetroopsdrowned,ladendownbytheirheavyequipment.Theairborneunitsweretosecuretheflanksoftheamphibiousassault.Thatmeantcapturingbridges,crossroadsandcoastalbatteries.Afteraccomplishingthosetasks,theparatroopershadtowithstandanyGermancounterattacks.全新版綜合4unit1bAstheairborneunitsstruggledtoachievetheirgoals,thegreatfleetmadeitswayacrossthechanneltoitsappointmentwithdestiny.Leadingthatgrandarmadaweretheminesweepers.Behindthemfollowedavastarrayofnavalvesselsofeveryconceivabletype.Neverbeforehadsuchafleetbeenassembled.Includingthelandingcraftcarriedonboard,thecombinedAlliedinvasionarmadanumberedupto6,000ships.Approximately150,000menweretocrosstheEnglishChannelandlandatassaultbeachescode-named“Utah,”“Omaha,”“Gold,”“Juno”and“Sword.”SR_Reading_text9全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text10ThefirstareasofFrenchsoilwrestedfromGermancontrolwereagroupofsmallislandslocatedthreemilesoffUtahBeach.Alliedcommanderswereconcernedthattheseislandscouldbeusedassitesforheavyguns.ThemenoftheU.S.4thand24thCavalrysquadronsweredesignatedtotaketheislandspriortothemaininvasion.Theassaultteamsfoundonlylandmines.TheGermanshadlefttheislandsunoccupied.Forthemajorityoftheassaulttroops,however,thewarhadnotbegunyet.Afterspendingaslongas48hoursaboardthevarioustransportshipsasaresultofthedelay,manyofthemenweremiserablyseasickandinpoorshapeforthechallengeahead.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text11Thenavalbombardmentbeganaround5:45a.m.Theairattackfollowed.Thenavalandairbombardmentsweredesignedtodestroythebeachgunsandobstacles,pindowntheenemyandprovideshelterforthegroundtroopsontheopenbeachesbymakingcraters.Both,however,largelyfailedintheirobjectives.Weatherconditionshadimproved,buttheywerenotperfect.Becauseofpoorvisibilitycausedbylowcloudcover,itwasdecidedthatthebomberswoulddelaythereleaseofbombs30secondstoavoidhittingtheassaultingtroops.Asaresult,thebombsfellinlandandmissedtheirtargets.Althoughthenavalbombardmentwasmoreaccurate,itwasnotmuchmoreeffectiveagainstthehardenedGermangunemplacements.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text12Theweatheralsowaspartiallyresponsibleforcausingsomeoftheassaultcrafttomisstheirassignedlandingareas.Additionally,manyofthelandingcraftandamphibioustanksfounderedintheroughsea.IntheOmahaarea,mostofthecraftcarryingartilleryandtanksintendedtosupporttheincomingtroopssankinthehighwaves.AtUtahBeach,however,astrangestrokeofgoodfortuneoccurredwhentheassaultcraftencounteredasoutherlycurrentthatcausedthemtolandinthewrongsector.TheGermanshorebatteriesthatwouldhave

contested

alandingintheoriginalareawouldundoubtedlyhavetakenaheavytoll.Thelandingatthenewsectorwasvirtuallyunopposed.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_text13Despitedifficulties,Eisenhower’sgamblewiththeelementswasto

payoff.TheinvasionforcessucceededinestablishingatoeholdonFrenchsoil.Reinforcementsbegantopourin,thrustingondeepintoFrance.WithinayearHitler’sempire,whichhehadboastedwouldlastathousandyears,layinruins.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_ambitiousambitious:adj.fullofambitionAslavehasbutonemaster;anambitiousmanhasasmanymastersastherearepeoplewhomaybeusefulinbetteringhisposition.這看起來像一個(gè)非常雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃！我祝你們兩個(gè)好運(yùn)！Thatlookslikeaveryambitiousplan!Iwishbothofyougoodluck!全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_obstacleobstacle:n.athingthatblocksone’sway這一決定排除了人質(zhì)獲釋的最后障礙。Thebiggestobstacleinourwaywasatreetrunkintheroad.Thisdecisionhasremovedthelastobstacletothehostages’release.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_incaseincase:soastobesafeif(sth.)happens我?guī)Я艘恍┤髦我苑牢覀凁I了。I’vebroughtsomesandwichesincasewegethungry.Ibroughtmykeyjustincaseyouforgotyours.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_S_Thefifthwas…ThefifthwaschosenforD-Daytoallowasafetymarginincasetheattackneededtobepostponed.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.6月5日被選定為進(jìn)攻開始日，其用意是留下一個(gè)安全系數(shù)，以防萬一進(jìn)攻需要推遲。全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_holdoutholdout:offer我們的食品供應(yīng)將只能再撐兩個(gè)星期。Fewpeopleheldoutanyhopeoffindingthelostjewelry.Ourfoodsupplieswillonlyholdoutforanothertwoweeks.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_S_Butanunusually…Butanunusuallystormytransitionfromspringtowardsummerthatyearheldoutlittlehopethattherewouldbeasuitablebreakintheweather.然而，當(dāng)年春夏之交大風(fēng)暴異乎尋常地多，希望在這個(gè)時(shí)候天氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)適合進(jìn)攻的風(fēng)平浪靜的間隙，可能性微乎其微。TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.全新版綜合4unit1bAlotofherunhappinessisduetoboredom.SR_Reading_word_duetodueto:becauseofDuetowetleavesontheline,thistrainwillarriveanhourlate.她的眾多不幸是由無聊造成的。全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_cancelcancel:vt.decidenottogoaheadwith(sth.previouslyarranged)去倫敦的火車已被取消。Janethadtocanceltomorrow’stripbecauseofherbadcold.ThetraintoLondonhasbeencancelled.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_calloffcalloff:decidethataplannedeventwillnottakeplace;cancel由于寒冷的天氣，明天的比賽已被取消。Tomorrow’smatchhasbeencalledoffbecauseoftheicyweather.Thepolicehavecalledoffthesearchforthemissingchilduntildawntomorrow.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_ontheeveofontheeveof:immediatelybefore在中國新年前夕，美國總統(tǒng)向華人社區(qū)發(fā)去賀信。TheUSPresidentissuedaletterofcongratulationstotheChinesecommunityontheeveoftheChineseNewYear.Ontheeveofthenationalentranceexaminations,hewassostressedthathecouldn’tconcentrateonhisreading.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_stiffstiff:adj.(ofawind,etc.)blowingstrongly;noteasilybent當(dāng)該名男子在雪地里被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，他的尸體已經(jīng)僵硬得像塊木板。Theman’sbodywasasstiffasaboardwhenitwasfoundinthesnow.Thehandleonthisdoorisratherstiff.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_securesecure:

他們盡力保衛(wèi)大橋，使之免遭再次襲擊。Theytriedtosecurethebridgefromthethreatoffurtherattack.Ourmissilesandbomberssecureusfromattack.1.vt.

make(sth.)safefrombeingattacked,harmed,orlost2.adj.

Isyouronlinebankinginformationsecurefromhackers?盡管失業(yè)率上升，79％的美國人覺得他們的工作是安全的。79%ofAmericansfeelsecureintheirjobsdespiterisesinjoblessness.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_withstandwithstand:vt.endurewithoutgivingin;resist這座橋被設(shè)計(jì)成能抵御地震。Thebridgewasdesignedtowithstandearthquakes.Thespeciallydesignedsheltersarebuilttowithstandgroundandairattacks.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_concernconcern:vt.worry我父親的健康問題使我們非常擔(dān)心。Thestateofmyfather’shealthconcernsusgreatly.Itconcernsmethathehasn’tbeenincontactwiththecompanyyet.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_priortopriorto:before在面試前，他做了大量的準(zhǔn)備工作。Hehadmadealotofpreparationpriortotheinterview.Thereisonlyoneweekpriortohergoingabroad.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_aboardaboard:

prep.onboardof;on;in.在船碰撞中，船上所有的乘客都落入河中。Duringthecollisionallpassengersaboardtheshipfellintotheriver.Howmanypeoplewereaboardthehijackedplane?全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_pindownpindown:preventfrommovingThetroopswerepinneddownbyresistanceforces30milesnorthofthecapital.Ittookfournursestopindownthelittleboyforaninjection.該部隊(duì)在首都以北30英里處被抵抗力量牽制住了。全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_objectiveobjective:n.athingaimedatorwishedfor銷售人員可以實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)嗎？Canthesalesforceachieveitsfinancialobjectives?Hermainobjectivenowissimplytostayinpower.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_responsibleresponsible:adj.beingthecauseof;legallyormorally obliged她的部門負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督理事會(huì)。Herdepartmentisresponsibleforoverseeingthecouncils.Paulisdirectlyresponsiblefortheefficientrunningoftheoffice.全新版綜合4unit1bSR_Reading_word_construct

contest:vt.fightfor;struggletowinorkeep她很可能會(huì)贏得，因?yàn)橹挥袃蓚€(gè)人角逐席位。Sheislikelytowinsinceonlytwopeoplearecontestingtheseat.Themedalisbeingk