2023年考研考博-考博英語-首都師范大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Charleshasnottheleast（

）ofgivinguphisresearch.問題1選項A.ideaB.intentionC.mindD.desire2.單選題Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghas（

）thequalityoftheprogram.問題1選項A.lessenedB.declinedC.affectedD.effected3.單選題Thefinaldocumentwas,ofcourse,supposedtomendthedamage（

）upontheworldbythewar.問題1選項A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed4.單選題Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.問題1選項A.withtheexceptionofB.withthepurposeofC.withreferencetoD.withaviewto5.單選題Hisinabilitytolearnforeignlanguagewasan（

）tohiscareer.問題1選項A.shortageB.disturbanceC.occurrenceD.obstacle6.翻譯題Adynamicviewseestheplusesofchangeaswellastheminuses.Anditappreciateshownew,unforeseentechnologiesorsocialchangescansolvecurrentproblems.Bycontrast,theenvironmentalmovementhasbeenbuiltoncrisisContrarytothedoomsayers,bothpastantipresent,peoplehaveaknackforinnovatingtheirwayoutof"crises"iftheyhaveboththepermissionandtheincentivetodoso.

Wefindthatpeopledevelopedpetroleumaswhaleoilbecamescarce,thatfarmersturnedtodripirrigationaswaterpricesrose,andthatdriversboughtfuel-efficientcarswhengaspriceswentup.Toalargedegree,greenideologyisnotaboutfacts.Itisaboutvalues,andtheenvironmentmovementisaboutenforcingthosevaluesthroughpoliticalaction.—“

Greenpolitics，’’writeBritishgreensJonathanPorrittandDavidWinner,“demandsawhollynewethicinwhichviolent,plunderinghumankindabandonsitsdestructiveways,recognizesitsdependenceonPlanetEarth,andstartslivingonamoreequalfootingwiththerestofnature.....

Thedangerliesnotonlyintheoddmaverick(—意孤行者)pollutingfactory，industry，ortechnology,butinthefundamentalnatureofoureconomicsystems.Itisindustrialismitself——asuper-ideology,embracedbythecapitalistWestwhichthreatensus.

7.單選題Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase（

）totraffic.問題1選項A.inadequateB.incompatibleC.inaccessibleD.insignificant8.單選題LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.Arizona'sfast-growingLatinopopulationoffersthestatetremendouspromiseandachallenge.Evenmorethantheagingofthebabyboomers,theLatinoboomisfundamentallyreorientingtheslate'seconomicandsocialstructure.Immigrationandnaturalincreasehaveadded600,000youngLatinoresidentstothestate'spopulationinthepastdecade.Halfofthepopulationyoungerthan18inbothPhoenixandTucsonisnowLatino.Within20years,Latinowillmakeuphalfofthehomegrownentry-levellaborpoolinthestate'stwolargestlabormarkets.Whatismore,Hispanicsarebecomingkeyeconomicplayers.Mostpeopledon’tnoticeit,butLatinosborninArizonamakeupmuchoftheirimmigrantparents'economicandeducationaldeficits.Forexample;second-generationMexican-Americanssecureanaverageof12gradesofschoolingwheretheirparentsobtainedlessthannine.Thatmeanstheyerase70percentoftheirparents'lagbehindthird-generationnon-HispanicWhitesinasinglegeneration.Allofthishandsthestateagoldenopportunity.Atatimewhenmanystateswillstrugglewithlaborshortagesbecauseofmodestpopulationgrowth,Arizonahasapricelesschancetobuildapopulous;hardworkingandskilledworkforceonwhichtobasefutureprosperity.TheproblemisthatArizonaanditsLatinoresidentsmaynotbeabletoseizethisopportunity.FartoomanyofArizona'sLatinosdropoutofhighschoolorfailtoobtainthebasiceducationneededformoreadvancedstudy.Asaresult,educationaldeficitsareholdingbackmanyLatinos—andthestateaswell.Tobesure,constructionandlow-endjobscontinuetoabsorbtensofthousandsofLatinoimmigrantswithlittleformaleducation.Butoverthelongterm,mostofArizona'sLatinocitizensremainill-preparedtoprosperinanincreasinglydemandingknowledgeeconomy.Forthisreason,theeducationalupliftofArizona'shugeLatinopopulationmustmovetothecenterofthestate'sagenda.Afterall,theeducationdeficitsofArizona'sLatinopopulationwillseverelycrampthefortunesofhardworkingpeopleiftheygounaddressedandcouldwellundercutthestate'sabilitytocompeteintheneweconomy.Attheentrylevel,slowergrowthratesmaycreatemorecompetitionforlow-skilljobs,displacingLatinosfromasignificantmeansofsupport.Atthehigherend,shortagesofLatinoseducationallyreadytomoveupwillmakeitmuchharderforknowledge-basedcompaniestostaffhigh-skillpositions.1.TheLatinopopulationischangingArizona's（

）.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?3."Educationaldeficits"(Line6,Para4)mostprobablymeansthat（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Arizonashouldgivehighestpriorityto（

）.問題1選項A.agingproblemB.educationalsystemC.economicstructureD.financialdeficits問題2選項A.TheLatinopopulationinArizonaismadeupofHispanicsandMexican-Americans.B.Thefirst-generationLatinosareimmigrantsinsteadofbeingborninAmerica.C.70percentofthefirst-generationLatinoshadlessschoolingthannineyears.D.Theeducationalsystemusedtobeinfavorofthenon-HispanicWhites.問題3選項A.thestatedidnotputmuchmoneyintoeducationB.manyLatinosaretoopoortoobtaineducationC.educationisnotaprofitableenterpriseD.manyLatinosarenotwell-educated問題4選項A.controllingtheLatinopopulationB.enhancingtheeducationalleveloftheLatinopopulationC.improvingtheknowledge-basedeconomyD.buildingtheLatinopopulationintohardworkingandskilledworkforce9.單選題Formostthinkerssince（theGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexiststhatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled"humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology（人類學(xué)）.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate（天生的）humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannature"inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablytiesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.1.Thetraditionalviewof"humannature"wasstronglychallengedby（

）.2.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings（

）.

3.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinkerinorderto（

）.

4.Theword“untenable”inthelastparagraph（Line3）ofthepassagemostprobablymeans（

）.問題1選項A.theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheoryB.thehistoricalapproachtomanC.newinsightintohumanbehaviorD.thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery問題2選項A.havesometraitsincommonB.arebornwithdiverseculturesC.arebornwithoutafixednatureD.changetheircharactersastheygrowup問題3選項A.Emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature’’B.showthattheconceptofhumannaturewasusedtojustifysocialevilsC.provethatliehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof"humannature"D.supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired問題4選項A.invaluableB.imaginableC.changeableD.indefensible10.單選題WhenTasumafirstcametotheU.S.fromJapan,hewasn’tsurehecould（

）intoAmericanculture,butafterafewmonths,hefeltathomehere.問題1選項A.absorbB.transformC.digestD.assimilate11.單選題Hesaidthatendingtheagreementwould（

）thefutureofsmallorfamily-runshops,leadtofewerbooksbeingpublishedandincreasepricesofallbutafewbestsellers.問題1選項A.ventureB.exposeC.jeopardizeD.legalize12.翻譯題我們的國家走向現(xiàn)代化，最大的障礙，并不是資源問題，也不是資金問題，更不是技術(shù)問題，而是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)問題。資金可以積累，技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造，也可以引進(jìn)，但十幾億人口的整體素質(zhì)是無法引進(jìn)的，必須靠我們自己去提高。據(jù)約略估計，中國品牌約占國內(nèi)冰箱和洗衣機(jī)市場的90%,空調(diào)市場的70%-80%,彩電市場的60%。在許多領(lǐng)域，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量有很大提高。中國一家主要的家電廠商，已經(jīng)從價格轉(zhuǎn)向以質(zhì)量、高效銷售和售后服務(wù)進(jìn)行競爭。13.單選題Creatingsomuchconfusion,Jasonrealizedhehadbettermake（

）whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.問題1選項A.exclusiveB.explicitC.objectiveD.obscure14.單選題Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages（

）television,radioandelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.問題1選項A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across15.單選題Thewordofscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfusing,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotheraimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoorofthediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago:howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesaboutpurescienceistrue?2.Ascientistinterestedingeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallthisapproach（

）.3.WhichoftheFollowingdoestheauthorimply?4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?問題1選項A.Itmayleadtoantiscientific,"impure"results.B.Itnecessarilyprecedesappliedscienceanddiscoveryofthecell.C.Itisnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose.D.Itnecessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofthecell.問題2選項A.appliedscienceB.chemicalscienceC.purescienceD.environmentalscience問題3選項A.PurescientistsshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveriesB.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.問題4選項A.OnDistinguishingFactfromFictionB.BiologyandtheScientificAgeC.HypothesesandTheoriesD.ThenatureofScienceandScientists16.單選題Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.問題1選項A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivilegesB.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatmentC.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribeD.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners問題2選項A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewardsB.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisordersC.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburdenD.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.問題3選項A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjuryB.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharmC.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercareD.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution問題4選項A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatientsB.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissueC.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearningsD.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases17.單選題Theremarkable（

）oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.問題1選項A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion18.單選題Mac’sclose（

）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.問題1選項A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship19.單選題Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe（

）concernofstategovernment.問題1選項A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive20.單選題Doctorsareoftencaughtina（

）becausetheyhavetodecidewhethertheyshouldtelltheirpatientsthetruthornot.問題1選項A.puzzleB.perplexityC.dilemmaD.bewilderment第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。idea“主意”；intention“意圖，意向”；mind“想法，感覺”；desire“愿望，欲望”。句意：查爾斯絲毫沒有打算放棄他的研究的意向。答案B2.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。lessen“使……變小”；decline“下降，衰落”；affect“影響，感染”；effect“發(fā)生，引起”。句意：評論家們認(rèn)為，鋪天蓋地的電視廣告已經(jīng)影響了節(jié)目的質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確，答案C3.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。impose“把…強(qiáng)加于”；impress“給予…印象”；compel“強(qiáng)迫，迫使”；compress“壓縮”。句意：當(dāng)然，最終的文件應(yīng)該去修復(fù)戰(zhàn)爭強(qiáng)加給世界的損害。imposeupon“強(qiáng)加給…”為固定搭配。答案A4.【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于，就…而言”；withaviewto“著眼于”。句意：我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進(jìn)行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項符合句意，答案C5.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。shortage“短缺”；disturbance“打擾”；occurrence“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；obstacle“障礙”。句意：他沒有學(xué)習(xí)外語的能力，這成為他職業(yè)生涯的一個障礙。根據(jù)上下文句意可知D項符合題意，答案D6.【答案】（1）動態(tài)的觀點既能看到變化的好處，也能看到變化的壞處。它還贊賞新技術(shù)或不可預(yù)見的社會變革如何能夠解決當(dāng)前的問題。（2）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)鯨油變得匱乏時，人們開發(fā)了石油；當(dāng)水價上漲時，農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)而采用了滴灌；當(dāng)油價上漲時，司機(jī)們紛紛購買了節(jié)能車。（3）在很大程度上，綠色觀念是與事實無關(guān)的，而是關(guān)于價值觀的。而環(huán)保運動則是通過政治行動實施這些價值觀。（4）“綠色政治”，綠色行動者JonathanPorritt和DavidWinner寫道，“需要一套全新的道德觀。在這種道德觀的指導(dǎo)下，殘忍掠奪成性的人類可以放棄破壞性的方式，認(rèn)識到自己對地球的依賴，開始和其他生物平等共處……”（5）危險不僅僅來自于一意孤行污染環(huán)境的工廠、工業(yè)或技術(shù)，還來自于我們經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的基本性質(zhì)。7.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。inadequate“不充分的”；incompatible“不相容的”；insignificant“不重要的”；inaccessible“不可到達(dá)的”；beinaccessibleto“無法到達(dá)的”。句意：這個地方看上去不受歡迎，因為它完全被遺棄且車輛無論如何也無法進(jìn)入。由completelydeserted可知車輛無法進(jìn)入，答案C8.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:D第4題:B【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段中“Evenmorethantheagingofthebabyboomers,theLatinoboomisfundamentallyreorientingthestate’seconomicandsocialstructure.與嬰兒潮一代的老齡化相比，拉美裔的繁榮從根本上改變了該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會結(jié)構(gòu)?！笨芍狢項正確，答案C第2題:推理判斷題。第三段中“Mostpeopledon’tnoticeit,butLatinosborninArizonamakeupmuchoftheirimmigrantparents’economicandeducationaldeficits.Forexample,second-generationMexican-Americanssecureanaverageof12gradesofschoolingwheretheirparentsobtainedlessthannine.大多數(shù)人都沒有注意到，但是出生在亞利桑那州的拉丁裔美國人彌補(bǔ)了他們移民父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)和教育赤字。例如，第二代墨西哥裔美國人平均接受了12年的教育，而他們的父母只接受了不到9年的教育?！庇伞癷mmigrantparents移民父母”以及后面的例子內(nèi)容可知第一代拉丁裔美國人是移民，而非出生在美國，故B項正確。其他三項文中均未提及。第3題:詞義題。由“FartoomanyofArizona’sLatinosdropoutofhighschoolorfailtoobtainthebasiceducationneededformoreadvancedstudy.Asaresult,educationaldeficitsareholdingbackmanyLatinos—andthestateaswell.亞利桑那州有太多的拉丁裔人從高中輟學(xué)，或未能獲得更高級學(xué)習(xí)所需的基礎(chǔ)教育。結(jié)果，教育赤字阻礙了許多拉美人的發(fā)展，也阻礙了國家的發(fā)展?！盇saresult表示結(jié)果，前一句提到了原因，前后句為因果關(guān)系。故“教育赤字”是指上文所提到的“很多拉丁裔人沒有接受很好的教育”。答案D第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中“Forthisreason,theeducationalupliftofArizona’shugeLatinopopulationmustmovetothecenterofthestate’sagenda.由于這個原因，亞利桑那州龐大的拉丁裔人口的教育提升必須提到該州議程的中心位置。可知B項正確。9.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段“Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.最近人們開始對人性本質(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)觀點產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑。其中一個理由就是人們越來越重視人類歷史研究方法與途徑?！笨芍诵员举|(zhì)的傳統(tǒng)觀點遭到歷史研究方法的挑戰(zhàn)。故答案B第2題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled‘humannature’.一項對人類歷史的研究表明，我們這個時代的人與以前的人是如此不同，以至于認(rèn)為每個時代的人都有可以稱為‘共同的人性之處’似乎是不現(xiàn)實的?！笨芍狢項正確，答案C第3題:推理判斷題。由題干的Aristotle定位到文章第二段“Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.另一個促使人們傾向于否定固定人性假設(shè)的因素是，這一概念經(jīng)常被濫用，被用作大多數(shù)不人道行為的擋箭牌?！笨芍鸢窧第4題:詞義題。invaluable“無價的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；changeable“易變的”；indefensible“站不住腳的”。由“Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.一旦人類開始被看作是在進(jìn)化過程中發(fā)展起來的，那么包含在人類本質(zhì)中的一種物質(zhì)的觀點就似乎站不住腳了。答案D10.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。absorb吸引，理解；transform改變，轉(zhuǎn)換；digest消化，吸收；assimilate使同化，吸收。句意：當(dāng)Tasuma笫一次從日本來到美國時，他不確信自己能融入美國文化，可是過了幾個月，他在那里就感覺像在自己家似的。由“but…h(huán)efeltathomehere.”可知空格處意為“他不確定自己是否可以融入美國文化?！贝鸢窪11.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。venture“冒險”；expose“揭露，揭發(fā)”；jeopardize“損害”；legalize“使合法化”。句意：他說，終止協(xié)議不利于小型或家庭式經(jīng)營書店未來的發(fā)展，那樣會減少圖書出版量，而且會提高除部分暢銷書以外全部圖書的價格。由leadto…可知是導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果，故空格處要填貶義詞，答案C12.【答案】（1）Onthewaytomodernization,thebiggestobstacletoourcountryisnottheshortageofnaturalresources,northelackoffunds,stilllesstheproblemoftechnology,butratherthequalityofoveronebillionpeople.Fundscanbeaccumulated,technologycanbecreatedorimported,butthequalityofsuchalargepopulation,whichcannotbeintroducedfromabroad,shouldbeimprovedonourown.（2）It’sroughlyestimatedthatChinesebrandsapproximatelyaccountfor90%domesticmarketshareofrefrigeratorsandwashingmachines,with70%to80%ofairconditioners,60%ofcolorTVs.Inmanyfields,thequalityofChinesebrandproductshasimprovedgreatly.AmajorChinesemanufacturerofhomeapplianceshasorienteditscompetitionfrompricetothequalityofproduct,higheffectivesalesandafter-salesservice.13.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。exclusive“獨有的，排外的”；explicit“明確的，清楚的”；objective“客觀的”；obscure“不清楚的，隱蔽的”。句意：在造成諸多困惑后，杰森意識到自己最好把試圖告訴聽眾的事情弄清楚。由Creatingsomuchconfusion可知Jason最好是把這些困惑給弄清楚。答案B

14.【答案】A【解析】考查介詞辨析。via經(jīng)過，通過，憑借；amid在……中間；past越過，超過；across穿過，橫穿。句意：電信的發(fā)展使消息通過電視、收音機(jī)和電子郵件的傳遞得以實現(xiàn)，爆炸式地向人們傳遞大量信息。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知，此空意為通過……的方式，答案A。15.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:A第4題:D【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一句“Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.那些把自己的生命奉獻(xiàn)給純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家們并沒有為忽視了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中的實用價值而道歉；他們從經(jīng)驗中知道，大多數(shù)知識最終都會被應(yīng)用?！笨芍兛茖W(xué)并不總是像人們想象的那么純粹，它也會被運用。故答案C'第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段中“One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.一種是為了滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)”，題干中所說的“一個對于氧氣的總體知識感興趣的科學(xué)家”，屬于這類，故答案C。第3題:推理判斷題。由最后一段“Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.那些把自己的生命奉獻(xiàn)給純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家們并沒有為忽視了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中的實用價值而道歉；他們從經(jīng)驗中知道，大多數(shù)知識最終都會被應(yīng)用?！笨芍狝項“純理論科學(xué)家忽視了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用性而受到譴責(zé)”正確。B項“如今很少有人對科學(xué)的定義有一些理解”與原文表述不符；C項“在科學(xué)界，區(qū)分事實與虛擬不困難”與原文第二段第一句“eveninthe…”不符；D項與原文“Sometimespractical-mindede…”不符。故答案A第4題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了科學(xué)的定義，以及純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)的對比，這都是屬于揭示科學(xué)的本質(zhì)，故答案D。16.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，處方特權(quán)會給他們帶來更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報?！笨芍恍┬睦磲t(yī)生更希望獲得處方權(quán)是因為這能給他們帶來更多的錢財報酬。之后作者用數(shù)據(jù)論證該論點。答案C第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題?！癐fpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理學(xué)家開始開藥，許多尋求替代治療的患者可能會轉(zhuǎn)向社會工作者或其他非醫(yī)療治療師?！笨芍狣項正確。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。從第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.當(dāng)人們選擇精神藥物學(xué)治療時，護(hù)理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更清晰，身體傷害的可能性更大，從而使原告更容易證明他們的指控。根據(jù)各州的情況，精神科醫(yī)療事故的發(fā)生率比精神科醫(yī)療事故的覆蓋率高24倍?！笨芍?dāng)心理學(xué)家獲得處方權(quán)，即成為精神藥物學(xué)家時，醫(yī)療事故的指控會增多，因為人們更容易找到由于護(hù)理不當(dāng)對身體造成的傷害的控訴證據(jù)。故C項正確。第4題:主旨大意題。縱觀全文，第一段提到了如果心理醫(yī)生獲得開處方的權(quán)利，那么將會對這種職業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響，并且指出大部分人喜歡傳統(tǒng)的心理療法，而非藥物治療。第三段提到了藥物治療的好處，最后一段提到了藥物治療的弊端即造成醫(yī)療事故的控訴不斷增多。故作者認(rèn)為藥物治療是存在爭議的。B項正確。ACD三項在文中都未提及。17.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。classification“分類，類別”；variety“多樣化”；density“密度”；diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”。句意：加拉帕戈斯群島上生物顯著的多樣性激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文去建立自己的進(jìn)化論。由后半句“激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文去建立自己的進(jìn)化論”可推知該島上的生物是多樣的。答案B18.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。resemblanceto“與…相像”。句意：麥克和弟弟長得很相像，人們常常把他們倆認(rèn)錯。由后文“peoplemistakethemforoneanother”可知Mac兩兄弟長得很像。答案A19.【答案】D【解析】考查形近詞辨析。extinct“滅絕的，熄滅的”；excluding“排除，除外”；excessive“過多的，極度的”；exclusive“獨有的，排外的”。句意：通常來講，關(guān)于國家邊境的問題都是政府尤為重視的。D項符合句意，答案D20.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。puzzle“迷，難題”；perplexity“困惑，混亂”；dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難的境地”；bewilderment“困惑，迷亂”。句意：醫(yī)生常常陷入進(jìn)退兩難的境地，因為他們不知道是否應(yīng)該告訴病人真相。由后半句句意可推測醫(yī)生處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地，故C項正確。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thisweektentopdesignerswill（

）theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.問題1選項A.enhanceB.lubricateC.hustleD.unveil2.單選題Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka（

）viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.問題1選項A.lenientB.divergentC.dimD.cautious3.單選題Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatablethattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmerican-four-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeopl