WilliamBlake威廉·布萊克

(1757-1827)williamBlake威廉布萊克LifeExperienceLiteraryCreationsLiteraryPositionwilliamBlake威廉布萊克LifeExperience1779,astudentattheRoyalAcademy1783,hisfirstcollectionofpoemsPoeticalSketches

wasprinted

1782,hemarriedtheilliterateCatherineandtaughthertoread,writeandengrave14-20anapprenticetoanengraver21aprofessionalengraverHewaseducatedathomeuntil10TextinhereamemorialofhimwasatthePoetsCornerinWestminsterAbbeywilliamBlake威廉布萊克hallucination:幻覺(jué)eg.atreefullofangels從童年時(shí)代起，布萊克就充滿了豐富的想像力，并且時(shí)常經(jīng)歷幻想。他說(shuō)他曾看見(jiàn)過(guò)綴滿天使的大樹(shù)，曾見(jiàn)到過(guò)安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先賢，并給他們畫(huà)過(guò)畫(huà)像。他把自己所看到的一切用繪畫(huà)和詩(shī)歌表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。他的畫(huà)大多是經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮后的變形人體或表現(xiàn)他幻覺(jué)中所見(jiàn)到的人物。布萊克一生都沒(méi)有得到官方或公眾的賞識(shí)。在當(dāng)時(shí)人們的眼中，它是個(gè)反理性主義者、夢(mèng)幻家和神秘主義者，一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離塵世的人和偏執(zhí)狂。他的作品沒(méi)有受到重視。直到十九、二十世紀(jì)之交，葉芝等人重編了他的詩(shī)集，人們才驚訝于他的純真與深刻。接著是他的書(shū)信和筆記的發(fā)表，他的神啟式的畫(huà)也逐漸普及，于是詩(shī)人與畫(huà)家布萊克的地位才確立無(wú)疑。williamBlake威廉布萊克Blake’spoliticalviewsBlakewasarebel.Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution."HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.williamBlake威廉布萊克1.Poems

PoeticalSketches《詩(shī)歌素描》hisfirstcollectionofpoems

SongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》

SongsofExperience(1794)《經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌》LiteraryCreationswilliamBlake威廉布萊克PoeticalSketches12-20歲之間寫(xiě)作的詩(shī)。嘗試寫(xiě)作莎士比亞的無(wú)韻詩(shī)以及民謠形式的詩(shī)和抒情詩(shī)。有對(duì)詩(shī)壇充斥的嬌柔造作表示毫無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的嘆息，也有對(duì)統(tǒng)治地位的理性法則充滿輕視，還有贊同伊麗莎白時(shí)期清新的詩(shī)歌。Acollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical.Blake'sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy,togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures,canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs.williamBlake威廉布萊克SongsofInnocence

Intheintroductionof

SongsofInnocence,thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud.

SongsofInnocence

containspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren.

Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart.

williamBlake威廉布萊克alaughingchilduponacloudwilliamBlake威廉布萊克

Intheintroductionof

SongsofExperience,thepoetbecomes“thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew”.

InSongsofExperience

Blakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor.williamBlake威廉布萊克Somebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌》中最著名的一些詩(shī)篇TheLittleBlackBoy《黑小孩》TheChimneySweeper《掃煙囪的孩子》TheLamb《羊羔》TheTiger《老虎》AhSunflower!《啊，向日葵！》London《倫敦》

williamBlake威廉布萊克TheTigerwilliamBlake威廉布萊克AhSunflower！AhSunflower,wearyoftime,Whocountestthestepsofthesun;SeekingafterthatsweetgoldenclimeWherethetraveller'sjourneyisdone;WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire,Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow,Arisefromtheirgraves,andaspireWheremySunflowerwishestogo!williamBlake威廉布萊克《啊，向日葵》

啊，向日葵！懷著對(duì)時(shí)間的厭倦整天數(shù)著太陽(yáng)的腳步．它尋求甜蜜而金色的天邊——倦旅的旅途在那兒結(jié)束；那兒，少年因渴望而憔悴早殤，蒼白的處女蓋著雪的尸布，都從他們墳中起來(lái)向往——向著我的向日葵要去的國(guó)度。（飛白譯）williamBlake威廉布萊克AuguriesofInnocenceToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour.williamBlake威廉布萊克天真的預(yù)示一顆沙里看出一個(gè)世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把無(wú)限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一剎那里收藏。梁宗岱譯williamBlake威廉布萊克掃煙囪孩子（一）

選自《天真之歌》

（卞之琳譯）

我母親死的時(shí)候，我還小得很，我父親把我拿出來(lái)賣(mài)給了別人，我當(dāng)時(shí)還不大喊得清“掃呀，掃，”我就掃你們煙囪，裹煤屑睡覺(jué)。有個(gè)小托姆，頭發(fā)卷得像小羊頭，剃光的時(shí)候，哭得好傷心，好難受，我就說(shuō)：“小托姆，不要緊，光了腦袋，大起來(lái)煤屑就不會(huì)糟蹋你白頭發(fā)?！眞illiamBlake威廉布萊克他就安安靜靜了，當(dāng)天夜里，托姆睡著了，事情就來(lái)得稀奇，他看見(jiàn)千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的掃煙囪小孩阿貓阿狗全都給鎖進(jìn)了黑棺材。后來(lái)來(lái)了個(gè)天使，拿了把金鑰匙，開(kāi)棺材放出了孩子們（真是好天使?。┧麄兙瓦吿?，邊笑，邊跑過(guò)草坪，到河里洗了澡，太陽(yáng)里曬得亮晶晶。williamBlake威廉布萊克光光的，白白的，把袋子都拋個(gè)一地，他們就升上了云端，在風(fēng)里游戲；“只要你做個(gè)好孩子，”天使對(duì)托姆說(shuō)，“上帝會(huì)做你的父親，你永遠(yuǎn)快樂(lè)。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我們就起來(lái)拿袋子、掃帚去做工。大清早盡管冷，托姆的心里可溫暖；這叫做：各盡本分，就不怕災(zāi)難。williamBlake威廉布萊克

TheChimneySweeper(II)

AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying‘weep,weep”innotesofwoe!“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”williamBlake威廉布萊克“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.“AndbecauseIamhappy,&dance&sing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery”.williamBlake威廉布萊克Prose:

TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂與地獄的聯(lián)姻》

TheFrenchRevolution《法國(guó)大革命》1791williamBlake威廉布萊克Prose：TheMarriageofHeavenandHell

(1790)

《天堂與地獄的聯(lián)姻》--想象力的贊美詩(shī)

AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake'sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.

布萊克對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)所有的政府、道德以及宗教法規(guī)進(jìn)行抨擊批判。williamBlake威廉布萊克Blake’sEtchings(蝕刻畫(huà))Thelover’swhirlwindForDante’swork

ThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBiblewilliamBlake威廉布萊克TheGoodandtheBadAngelswilliamBlake威廉布萊克WilliamBlake1757-1827ElohimcreatingAdam1795williamBlake威廉布萊克DanteandVergilTheDivineComedywilliamBlake威廉布萊克Blake’sliteraryachievements

1.Asymbolist,oramystic神秘主義者;manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically.2.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.(visualimages,imagination)3.Naturalsentiment憐憫之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems.williamBlake威廉布萊克4.圖、文結(jié)合：詩(shī)中有畫(huà)，畫(huà)中有詩(shī)Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia,combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting”.--StephenMarx2.“BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutan

importantfigureinthehistoryofart藝術(shù)史上的重要人物.williamBlake威廉布萊克

Pre-romanticism

WhendidPre-romanticismappear?inthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyWhatarethemainfeaturesofPre-romanticism?RomanticRevival;StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicismClaimsofpassionandemotionRenewedinterestsinmedievalliteraturewilliamBlake威廉布萊克

Pre-romanticismWhoaretherepresentatives?WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsWhat’sthesignificance?markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEnglandwilliamBlake威廉布萊克AnalysisofLondonStructure1RhymeScheme2paraphrase&translation3theme4williamBlake威廉布萊克LondonIwanderthro’eachcharter’dstreet,Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow.AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness,marksofwoe.IneverycryofeveryMan,IneveryInfantscryoffear,Ineveryvoice:ineveryban,Themind-forg’dmanaclesIhearwilliamBlake威廉布萊克HowtheChimney-sweeperscryEveryblack’ningChurchappalls,AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownPalacewallsButmostthro’midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenew-bornInfantstearAndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse

williamBlake威廉布萊克I.StructureStanzas1-3:themiseriesofpeoplethatthepoetsawandheardindaytimeStanza4:themiseriesofpoeplethatthepoetsawandheardatnightwilliamBlake威廉布萊克II.rhymeschemeTherhymeschemeofthispoemis:ababwilliamBlake威廉布萊克charteredstreetswilliamBlake威廉布萊克charteredThameswilliamBlake威廉布萊克1.charter’d=chartered–monopolized被壟斷了的；當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)資本主義工商業(yè)已相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)，許多大公司企業(yè)獲得了專(zhuān)利權(quán)。倫敦大街及泰晤士河上航運(yùn)均為大資本家控制2.theThames(River)泰晤士河；3.mark(s)–1)vt.notice/see注意/看到,2)n.signs/traces痕跡/跡象；4.weakness–fatigue,tiredness(physical);woe–(mentaloremotional)grief;5.themind-forg’dmanacles—(由)精神（鑄造的）枷鎖；manaclesmadebythemindIII.Paraphrase

williamBlake威廉布萊克manacles枷鎖williamBlake威廉布萊克chimney-sweeperswilliamBlake威廉布萊克6.theChimney-sweeper–Inthe18thcenturysmallboys,sometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold,wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneysandcleaninside,collectingthesoot

煙灰inbags.

Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsowingtopoverty,weremiserablytreatedbytheirmastersandoftensuffereddiseaseandphysicalinjuries.williamBlake威廉布萊克churcheswilliamBlake威廉布萊克7.theChimney-sweeper'scryCry=Weep哭泣implyingsadness,sorrowandweepingtearsoftheboysCry=“Sweep”大喊“掃煙囪啰!”8.blackeningchurch:thechurchesturnedblackbecauseoftheburningofcoals."Black"impliedthattheclergymenarehypocriticalandcorrupted.9.thechurchappals:theclergymanappalsatthecryoftheboys(TheclergymanhiredtheboystocollectthesootarousedthedisgustofthepoetBlake)williamBlake威廉布萊克17101837BuckinghamPalaceofvariousagesnowwilliamBlake威廉布萊克FiveSensesofHumanBeingsSenseofhearing聽(tīng)覺(jué)Senseofsight視覺(jué)Senseoftaste味覺(jué)Senseofsmelling嗅覺(jué)Senseoftouch觸覺(jué)williamBlake威廉布萊克10.thehaplessSoldiersigh—theunluckysoldierwhowaswoundedorevencrippledinthewarfordefendingthestate/monarchbutnowisdesertedbythecountryandhastobegforhislivingoutsidethepalacesincehecannotfindanyjobasadisabledperson.11.runinblooddownthepalacewall:thesoldier'sbloodrunsdownthepalacewallSynesthesiaisusedinthesetwolines.通感,聯(lián)覺(jué)themixtureuseofSenseofHearing（eg.sigh)聽(tīng)覺(jué)andSenseofSight(eg.blood)視覺(jué)williamBlake威廉布萊克12.“Palacewalls":acontrast

inside–grandballs,luxuriousbanquets,etc.ofthecourt&theroyalfamilyoutside–thecrippledsoldiersaresufferingfromthebleedingwoundandhunger13.theyouthfulharlot—theyoungprostitute妓女14.

theyouthfulHarlotscurseblaststhenew-bornInfantstear:

theyoungprostitutescursethemenwhobroughtvenerealdiseasetothemandtheircursefrightensthenew-bornbabiesfromcrying.

williamBlake威廉布萊克15.thenew-borninfantstear:thenew-bornbabiescrybecauseofthediseasetheygetwhentheywereborn16.blights—damages/undermines17.plagues:

thevenerealdiseasecausedbyprostitution(whoring)賣(mài)淫性病(如梅毒syphilis)病菌造成的胎兒先天性失明18.theMarriagehearse—

turnedthemarriageintoafuneral,implyinganemotionaldeath:lovelessmarriagebasedonmoneyleadingtoextra-maritalsex

hearse:thevehicletocarrydeadpeople靈車(chē)williamBlake威廉布萊克19.ThedescriptionofthesethreekindsofpeopleisthecriticismofthethreemajorinstitutionsofEngland1)Thereligioussystem:

thehypocrisyoftheclergymeninthechurches

isexposedbythechimneysweeper’scrywilliamBlake威廉布萊克2)thecrueltyofthestateisrevealedbythesoldier’ssuffering3)themarriagesystemiscriticizedasbasedonmoneyandbeinglovelessandasleadingtoextra-maritalsexwhichcouldincurv.d.williamBlake威廉布萊克III.《倫敦》（王佐良譯）我走過(guò)每條獨(dú)占的街道，

徘徊在獨(dú)占的泰晤士河邊，

我看見(jiàn)每個(gè)過(guò)往的行人,

有一張衰弱、痛苦的臉。

每個(gè)人的每聲呼喊，

每個(gè)嬰孩害怕的號(hào)叫，

每句話，每條禁令，

都響著心靈鑄成的鐐銬。williamBlake威廉布萊克多少掃煙囪孩子的喊叫,

震驚了一座座熏黑的教堂，

不幸兵士的長(zhǎng)嘆,

化成鮮血流下了宮墻。

最怕是深夜的街頭,

又聽(tīng)年輕妓女的詛咒！

它駭住了初生兒的眼淚，

又用瘟疫摧殘了婚禮喪車(chē)。williamBlake威廉布萊克IV.Theme

InthepoemLondon

thewholepictureofthemiseriesintheEnglishcapitalisreflected.williamBlake威廉布萊克Q.1.1)coined–self-created;2)past-participlesusedasadjectives.3)ParadoxicalcombinationQ.2.thelinguisticfeatures:語(yǔ)言特征1)short,simplewords,e.g.every,cry,Ihear,etc.2)repetition,Therearealtogether3marks,3cries,2charter’d,6every,2how,and2hears3)past-participlesusedasadjectives.QuestionsforLondon

williamBlake威廉布萊克Q.3.its“anvilmusic”打鐵般的樂(lè)感

1)byrepeatingshortsimplewordsorphrases,2)andbyusingregularstanzaformandtherhymescheme(abab)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Assignment:DescribeLondoninyourownwordsandwithyourimagination,basedontheinformationgiveninBlake’spoemLondon.QuestionsforLondon

williamBlake威廉布萊克現(xiàn)實(shí)主義詩(shī)人杜甫的詩(shī)朱門(mén)酒肉臭，路有凍死骨。榮枯咫尺異，惆悵難再述。williamBlake威廉布萊克IHeardanAngelSingingIheardanAngelsinging,Whenthedaywasspringing:"Mercy,Pity,PeaceIstheworld'srelease."ThushesangalldayOverthenew-mownhay,Tillthesunwentdown,Andhaycockslookedbrown.williamBlake威廉布萊克Iheardadevilcurse

Overtheheathandthefurze:

"Mercycouldbenomore

Iftherewasnobodypoor,

AndPitynomorecouldbe,

Ifallwereashappyaswe."

Athiscursethesunwentdown,

Andtheheavensgaveafrown.

Downpour'dtheheavyrain

Overthenewreap'dgrain;

AndMisery'sincrease

IsMercy,Pity,Peace.williamBlake威廉布萊克Analysisofthepoem1paraphrase2theme3questions4rhymescheme&structurewilliamBlake威廉布萊克Structure

Stanzas1-2:Theangel'ssinging.

Stanzas3-5:TheDevil'scurses.RhymeScheme:aabbwilliamBlake威廉布萊克L.2springing–breaking/beginning;破曉singing,springing:alliteration押頭韻L.4release–consolation/solace安慰;"Mercy,Pity,Peace"istheconsolationfromGodtothewholeworld.(PeopleaskconsolationfromGod)L4:pity,peace:alliteration押頭韻

L.6thenew-mownhay–thenew-cuthay;L.8Andhaycockslookedbrown–干草垛在晚霞的余輝中呈棕色;II.ParaphrasewilliamBlake威廉布萊克haycocksfurzeheathlandwilliamBlake威廉布萊克L.10

theheath—theheathland/thewasteland;thefurze—金雀花叢(in