第第頁(yè)49．WhatdoesPayDrechselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfarming?A.Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated．B.Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation．C.Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology．D.Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation．50．WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram’spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming?A.HeechoesPayDrechsel’sopinionontheissue．B.HechallengesLiqaRaschid—Sally’sconclusion．C.Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodcrisis．D.Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty．PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesedays，nobodyneedstocook．Familiesgrazeonhigh—cholesteroltake-awaysandmicrowavedready-meals．Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs．Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthemodemhouse：whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle．thekitchenistothe21st—centuryhome．Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus．InAmericathekitchenmarketisnowworth$170billion，fivetimesthecountry’sfilmindustry．IntheyeartoAugust2007,IKEA．a(chǎn)Swedishfurniturechain，soldoveronemillionkitchensworldwide．Theaveragebudgetfora“major”kitchenoverhaulin2006,calculatesRemodelingmagazine，wasastaggering$54，000；evena“minor”improvementcostonaverage$18．000．Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion，hasreachedthekitchen：Robinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom—madekitchens，offersaGeorgian—styleonewhichwouldcost￡145．000-155，000—excludingbuilding，plumbingandelectricalwork．Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit：“Youwon’tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheworld．”Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantstothatofdesignshowcaseforthemodemfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange．Rightintotheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces．generallylocatedunderground，ortothebackofthehouse，andasfarfromlivingspaceaspossible．Thatwasasitshouldbe：kitchenswereforservants，andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodowiththem．Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin，housekeepingbecameamatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses．OneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthekitchenwasCatharineEstherBeecher．sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe．InAmericanWoman'sHome，publishedin1869，theBeechersistersrecommendedascientificapproachtohouseholdmanagement，designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman’sworkandpromoteorder．ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican，ChristineFrederick．whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife．Herl919work，HouseholdEngineeringScientificManagementintheHome．wasbasedondetailedobservationofahousewife’sdailyroutine．Sheborrowedtheprincipleofefficiencyonthefactoryfloorandappliedittodomestictasksonthekitchenfloor．Frederick’scentralidea．that“stove．sinkandkitchentablemustbeplacedinsucharelationthatuselessstepsareavoidedentirely”．inspiredthefirstfullyfittedkitchen，designedinthe1920sbyMargareteSchutter-Lihotsky．Itwasamodernisttriumph．a(chǎn)ndmanyelementsremaincentralfeaturesoftoday’skitchen．注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。51．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthekitchenoftoday?A.Itiswherehousewivesdisplaytheircookingskills．B.Itiswherethefamilyentertainsimportantguests．C.Ithasbecomesomethingoddinamodemhouse．D.Itisregardedasthecenterofamodemhome．52．WhydoestheGeorgian—stylekitchensellataveryhighprice?A.Itisbelievedtohavetremendousartisticvalue．B.Noduplicateistobefoundinanyotherplace．C.ItismanufacturedbyafamousBritishcompany．D.Noothermanufacturercanproduceanythinglikeit．53.Whatdoesthechangeinthestatusofthekitchenreflect?A.Improvedlivingconditions．B.Women’selevatedstatus．C.Technologicalprogress．D.Socialchange．54．WhatwastheBeechersisters’ideaofakitchen?A.Aplacewherewomencouldworkmoreefficiently．B.Aplacewherehightechnologycouldbeapplied．C.Aplaceofinteresttotheeducatedpeople．D.Aplacetoexperimentwithnewideas．55．Whatdowelearnabouttoday’skitchen?A.Itrepresentstherapidtechnologicaladvanceinpeople’sdailylife．B.Manyofitscentralfeaturesarenodifferentfromthoseofthel920s．C.Ithasbeentransformedbeyondrecognition．D.Manyofitsfunctionshavechangedgreatly．PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.深圳是中國(guó)廣東省一座新開(kāi)發(fā)的城市。在改革開(kāi)放之前，深圳不過(guò)是一個(gè)漁村，僅有三萬(wàn)多人。20世紀(jì)80年代，中國(guó)政府創(chuàng)建了深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，作為實(shí)施社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的試驗(yàn)田。如今，深圳的人口已超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)，整個(gè)城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capital)GDP已達(dá)25000美元，相當(dāng)于世界上一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的水平。就綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力而言，深圳居于中國(guó)頂尖城市之列。由于其獨(dú)特的地位，深圳也是國(guó)內(nèi)外企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地。注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答?？焖賹?duì)答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425DCACBACBBCBDCABDCBAADACDB26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950ADFOCHNJKLFJAGLHCIPKCCABA5152535455DBDAB2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷及答案（三）PartIWriting(30minutes)(請(qǐng)于正式開(kāi)考后半小時(shí)內(nèi)完成該部分，之后將進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力考試)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheuseofrobots．Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorerobotstaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinindustryaswellaspeople'sdailylives．Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)說(shuō)明：2016年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了兩套聽(tīng)力.本套的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容與第二套相同，因此本套聽(tīng)力部分不再重復(fù)給出。PartⅢ ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Let’ssayyouloveroller-skating．Justthethoughtof(26)_______onyourroller．skatesbringsasmiletoyourface．Youalsoknowthatroller-skatingisexcellentexercise．Youhavea(27)_______attitudetowardit．Thisdescriptionofroller-skating(28)_______thethreecomponentsofanattitude：affect，cognition，andbehavior．Youlovetheactivity；it'sgreatfun．Thesefeelings(29)_______theaffectiveoremotionalcomponent；theyareanimportantingredientinattitudes．Theknowledgewehaveabouttheobjectconstitutesthecognitivecomponentofanattitude．Youunderstandthehealth(30)_______thattheactivitycanbring．Finally,attitudeshaveabehavioralcomponent．Ourattitudes(31)_______ustogooutsidetoenjoyroller—skating．Now．wedon’twantt01eaveyouwiththe(32)_______thatthesethreecomponentsalwaysworktogether(33)_______．Theydon’t：sometimestheyclash．Forexample，let’ssayyoulovepizza(affectivecomponent)；however,youhavehighcholesterolandunderstand(knowledgecomponent)thateatingpizzamaybebadforyourhealth．Whichbehaviorwillyourattituderesultin，eatingpizzaor(34)_______it?Theanswerdependsoffwhichcomponenthappenstobestronger．Ifyouarewalkingpastapizzarestaurantatlunchtime．Youremotionsandfeelingsprobablywillbestrongerthanyourknowledgethatpizzamaynotbethebestfoodforyourhealth．Inthatinstance．youhavepizzaforlunch．Ifyouareathometryingtodecidewheretogofordinner,however,theknowledgecomponentmay(35)_______，andyoudecidetogowhereyoucaneatahealthiermeal注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheChangingGeneration[A]Itturnsouttoday’steenagersaren’tsoscaryafterall．ResultsofUSAWEEKEND’sTeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewhogetalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey’rebeingraised．Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect．TheyspeakwithMomorDadwhentheyhaveaproblem．Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem．a(chǎn)ndtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents’lives．Manyeventhinktheirparentsarecool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents．rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color(低俗的)bookorCD．[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung．InOctober2000，thesamemonththesurveywastaken，theWashington．basedCenterforMediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth，just2％ofteenswereshownathome，andjust1％wereportrayedinaworksetting．Incontrast，thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeverylavevisualbackgrounds．Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence．[C]Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus．Thesurveyshowsusthattoday’steensareaffectionate．sensibleandtarhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes．Fromothersources，wealsoknowteenagecrime，drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline．Weofcourse，needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewofmostyoungpeople．[D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin．depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge‘scalesurveys．Still，inmystudiesandothersIhaveread，IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND’Ssurvey．Today’steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMornandDad’sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste，suchasmusicorfashion．Whenweaskteenstochooseahero，theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure．Mostteenssaytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends．[E]Contrarytosomestereotypes，mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals(thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquish(拉幫結(jié)派的)environmentofhighschool).Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople．Oneprevalentqualitywehaveroundinteens’statementsaboutthemselves，theirfriendsandtheirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone．Byandlarge，theseareverynicekids，andasthebandTheWhousedtosing，“Thekidsarealright．”[F]Howmuchistoday’sspratofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?Ameregenerationago，parent。childrelationsweredescribedas“thegenerationgap”．Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone：Mostkidsinthe‘60sand‘70ssharedtheirparents’basicvalues．Still．itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnewmillennium(千年)．Perhapsthereislesstofightabout，withthecountryinaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehaviorwellknown．Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap．Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast．withinjustthepastfiveyears．Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal．“anythinggoes”modeofchild—rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury．[G]Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday’syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment，oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety．Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyinapro。socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships．buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworldbeyond，includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit．[H]Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysonthe“l(fā)awsoflife”thatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,Pa．Inthoseessays，andinfollow—upInterviewswithafewoftheteenagers，wefoundlotsofinsight．positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking．Butwealsofoundlittleinterestinciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends．[I]Forexample，onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup．WhenIwasinhighschool，dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently．Infact，otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesInlocalcivicorganizations．Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters-18-to24-year-oldsarewaydown：Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls，eveninnationalelections，comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhevote．[J]Inourinterviews，manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste．“Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不誠(chéng)買的)，”onestudentdeclared．Another,discussingnationalpolitics．said．“Ifeel1ikeonepersoncan’tdothatmuch，andIgettheimpressionmostpeopledon’tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothatmuch．”Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld，thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife，gaininggoodfriends，becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermoremateriallysuccessfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent’svalues)，andbeingmorerespectfuloftheEarth，animalsandotherpeople．Oneboysaid，“I’dratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething．”[K]Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests，anditisgoodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends．Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions．[L]Inthepast，theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs，oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism．Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy．Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive．Weknowthepromiseisthere—thisisawell．grounded，talented，warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters．Wehaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirtumatshapingthatworld．注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。36．Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelectionsthesedays.37．Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheirteens．38．Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia.39．Teenagersoftodayoftentumtotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice.40．Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays．41Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders．42．Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon’twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit.43．Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetreadytomakeitabetterplace．44．Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy．45．Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatters．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ManufacturersofproductsthatclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlywillfacetighterrulesonhowtheyareadvertisedtoconsumersunderchangesproposedbytheFederalTradeCommissionThecommission’srevised“GreenGuides”warnmarketersagainstusinglabelsthatmakebroadclaims，like“eco—friendly”．Marketersmustqualifytheirclaimsontheproductpackagingandlimitthemtoaspecificbenefit，suchashowmuchoftheproductisrecycled．“Thisisreallyabouttryingtocutthroughtheconfusionthatconsumershavewhentheyarebuyingaproductandthatbusinesseshavewhentheyaresellingaproduct，”saidJonLeibowitz，chairmanofthecommission．Therevisionscomeatatimewhengreenmarketingisontherise．Accordingtoanewstudy,thenumberofadvertisementswithgreenmessagesinmainstreammagazineshasrisensince1987，andpeakedin2008at10．4％．In2009，thenumberdroppedto9％Butwhilethenumberofadvertisementsmayhavedipped，therehasbeenarapidspreadofeco-labeling.Therearebothgoodandbadplayersintheeco-labelinggame．Inthelastfiveyearsorso．therehasbeenanexplosionofgreenclaimsandenvironmentalclaims．Itisclearthatconsumersdon’talwaysknowwhattheyaregetting．Ahandfuloflawsuitshavebeenfiledinrecentyearsagainstcompaniesaccusedofusingmisleadingenvironmentallabels．In2008and2009，class．a(chǎn)ctionlawsuits(集體訴訟)werefiledagainstSCJohnsonforusing“Greenlist”labelsonitscleaningproducts．Thelawsuitssaidthatthelabelwasmisleadingbecauseitgavetheimpressionthattheproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdpartywhenthecertificationwasthecompany’sown．“WeareveryproudofouraccomplishmentsundertheGreenlistsystemandwebelievethatwewillprevailinthesecases，”ChristopherBeard，directorofpublicaffairsforSCJohnson，said，whileacknowledgingthat“thishasbeenanareathatisdifficulttonavigate．”Companieshavealsotakenituponthemselvestocontesteachother’sgreenclaims．DavidMallen．a(chǎn)ssociatedirectoroftheCouncilofBetterBusinessBureau．saidinthelasttwoyearstheorganizationhadseenanincreaseinthenumberofclaimscompanieswerebringingagainsteachotherforfalseormisleadingenvironmentalproductclaims．“Aboutonceaweek．IhaveaclientthatwillbringupanewcertificationI’veneverevenheardofandI’minthisindustry,”saidKevinWilhelm．chiefexecutiveofficerofSustainableBusinessConsulting．“It’skindofaWildWest．a(chǎn)nybodycanclaimthemselvestobegreen．”Mr．WilhelmsaidtheexcessoflabelsmadeitdifficultforbusinessesandconsumerstoknowwhichlabelstheyshouldPayattentionto．注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。46．Whatdotherevised“GreenGuides”requirebusinessestodo?A）Manufactureasmanygreenproductsaspossible．B）Indicatewhethertheirproductsarerecyclable．C）Specifyinwhatwaytheirproductsaregreen．D）Attachgreenlabelstoalloftheirproducts．47．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutconsumersfacinganexplosionofgreenclaims?A）Theycaneasilyseethroughthebusinesses'tricks．B）Theyhavetospendlotsoftimechoosingproducts．C）Theyhavedoubtaboutcurrentgreencertification．D）Theyarenotclearwhichproductsaretrulygreen．48．WhatwasSCJohnsonaccusedofintheclass．a(chǎn)ctionlawsuits?A）Itgaveconsumerstheimpressionthatallitsproductsweretrulygreen．B）Itgaveathirdpartytheauthoritytolabelitsproductsasenvironmentallyfriendly．C）Itmisledconsumerstobelievethatitsproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdparty．D）Itsoldcleaningproductsthatwerenotincludedintheofficial“Greenlist”．49．HowdidChristopherBearddefendhiscompany'slabelingpractice?A）Therewerenoclearguidelinesconcerninggreenlabeling．B）Hiscompany'sproductshadbeenwellreceivedbythepublic．C）Itwasinconformitytotheprevailingpracticeinthemarket．D）Nolawrequiredtheinvolvementofathirdpartyincertification．50．WhatdoesKevinWilhelmimplybysaying“It'skindofaWildWest”(Lines2-3，Para．11)?A）Businessescompetetoproducegreenproducts．B）Eachbusinessactsitsownwayingreenlabeling．C）Consumersgrowwildwithproductslabeledgreen．D）AnythingproducedintheWestcanbelabeledgreen．PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America’seducationsystemhasbecomelessaladderofopportunitythanastructuretotransmitinequalityfromonegenerationtothenext．That’swhyschoolreformissocritical．Thisisanissueofequality,opportunityandnationalconscience．It’snotjustabouteducation，butaboutpovertyandjustice．It’struethatthemainreasoninner．cityschoolsdopoorlyisn’tteachers’unions,butpoverty．Southernstateswithoutstrongteachers’unionshaveschoolsatleastasawfulasthoseinunionstates．SomeChicagoteachersseemtothinkthattheyshouldn’tbeheldaccountableuntilpovertyissolved．There’restepswecantakethatwouldmakesomedifference．a(chǎn)ndMayorRahmEmanuelistryingsomeofthem—yettheunionisresisting．I’dbesympatheticiftheunionfocusedsolelyonhighercompensation．Teachersneedtobemuchbetterpaidtoattractthebestcollegegraduatestothenation’sworstschools．But．instead．theChicagounionseemstobeusingitspoliticalcapitalprimarilytoprotectweakperformers．There‘ssolidevidencethattherearehugedifferencesintheeffectivenessofteachers．ThegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholarsfoundthateveninhigh．povertyschools．Teachersconsistentlyhadahugepositiveornegativeimpact．Getabottom1％teacher,andtheeffectisthesameasifachildmisses40％oftheschoolyear.Getateacherfromthetop20％．a(chǎn)ndit'sasifachildhasgonetoschoolforanextramonthortwo．Thestudyfoundthatstrongteachersinthefourththrougheighthgradesraisedtheskillsoftheirstudentsinwaysthatwouldlastfordecades．Justhavingastrongteacherforoneelementaryyearleftpupilsabitlesslikelytobecomemothersasteenagers．a(chǎn)bitmorelikelytogotocollegeandearningmoremoney，atage28．Howdoesonefigureoutwhoisaweakteacher?Yes．that’sachallenge。Butresearchersareimprovingsystemstomeasureateacher’sperformancethroughouttheyear,and．withthreeyearsofdata，it'susuallypossibletotellwhichteachersarefailing．Unfortunately,theunioninChicagoisinsistingthatteacherswhoarela