知識(shí)點(diǎn)理時(shí)\語動(dòng)

非謂語動(dòng)詞-不定式講與練被一式tobedone進(jìn)式tobedoing完式tohavedonetohavedone完進(jìn)式doingI．態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式常常表示該動(dòng)作“做，如：IdecidegoDay.）動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作完成；Hetoknownthenews.）動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Thepretendedtowhenmotherintohisbed態(tài)如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形。如：greathonourbeinvitedtoMary'sbirthday（定式作主語）Itwasforlosttimetobe（定式作主語）Iwishtobetoworkthe（定式作賓語）tellwhichthecarrepaired?（定式作定語）Hethe（不定式作狀語）在be構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：arethingstakecareof(tobetakencareof).但時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：todonow.(Wehavedonow.)ThereistobedoIII.動(dòng)不式作不式語To）It'seasy(fordo我做這事太容易了easy,hard,impossible,comfortable,better;thefirst,thethethe不式表不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：workistoroomeveryday.Hisdoctor.不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。①bekindtotheenemyisbetothepeople.②Mypurposepointoutdifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestoffthe當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當(dāng)主語是ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引的名詞性分句（例③），不定式明主語的內(nèi)容。1

④Ouristhe⑤Whatheisawalk⑥ThebyMr.Wangis④⑤句動(dòng)名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如our而句是現(xiàn)在分詞作表，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別來。不式賓動(dòng)+不定式affordaimarrangebebothercarecomedareexpectelect努）hopehappenhelphesitatelofferoughtplanpreparepretendrefuseseemwishundertake不式補(bǔ)動(dòng)++不(todo)believechallengecommand（強(qiáng)迫）encouragefindforbidforcehireimagineimpel（驅(qū)使（誘）informinstructinviteknowlikepermitremindrequireselectstate（規(guī)定）區(qū)：詞+不式；動(dòng)賓+定ask,beg,needpromise,want,Ilikeeverythingtidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。Ilikeyoukeep我歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。ITom.我想和湯姆談話。IyoutoTom.我想讓你和湯姆談話我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。be的定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。believe,consider,think,聲稱設(shè)想feelfind,guess,imagine,prove,理)show,take(以為),understandWeconsiderTomtobeonebeststudentsclass.be形容詞said,supposed,bebethought,known,reported,hope,wish,want,plan,expect,…Thebookbelievedbe人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。典型例題Charlesfirsttoinventinventingtohaving答案由considersth.排除D此只明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)定式后用原形即可而為在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選。不式定不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：Ihavelotofhegivelight2

不式狀）目的語justto(只是為……onlyto(結(jié),僅為.inorderasto,so(such)…asto…如……以便…)Heransofastastofirst他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Icomeonlytosaytoyou.我僅僅是向你告別。TheyoungmanlatejusttogetgoodmarkinEnglish.）作結(jié)狀，事沒預(yù)到，放句后面WhatIsaidmakeHetheonlytofindnothing.表原I'mgladseeyou.Nicetoyou！frightenedtothe有關(guān)soasdo）表目；的否定式是soasnotdo。Tomkeptquietaboutthesoasnottolosejob.湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Goinquietlynotthebaby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。so---勞Wouldyoubetime?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)?典型例題Thechairratherhard,infactitcomfortable___.sitB.sitC.be答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。不式特句too…to…和enough…to）too…to太…至于…Heis他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。----CanIhelpyou?需我?guī)兔?---Well,I'mtheheavyforyoubutthankyouthe不了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。如too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too后個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為不太"nevertootomend.(諺語)改過不嫌晚。3)’stoocarefulofyoucrossthestreet.對(duì)于你來說在怎么小心過馬路都不為過。）…t足做…Thechildoldenoughtoschooll.IV.詞定的定Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…3

pretendedIpassed我過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。省to的動(dòng)不式）情動(dòng)(外：）使動(dòng)let,make）感動(dòng)watch,look,observe,hear,listento,feel,find后賓，略。注：被語中to不省。IsawseenThebossthemworkthenight.=Theyworkthenight.）wouldrather，better+用介的to有兩種用法：一為不定+動(dòng)詞原形；一介+名詞動(dòng)名詞,to在下面的用法中是第二種to+名/名詞：承認(rèn)，to認(rèn)，beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，be習(xí)于，stickto堅(jiān)持，turnto開，著手于，獻(xiàn)身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼，pay注It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.）for常于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,interesting,impossible：forhimtwolanguages.對(duì)來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。of的型一般用表示人物的性格德示觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞good,nice,clever,。you你幫我，你真是太好了。動(dòng)詞不式舉例：）動(dòng)詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是：狀，性質(zhì)心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是：目，結(jié)果原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的）接定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。begindostartdoingceasetoceasecontinuedocontinuedoing）動(dòng)詞與不定式語義不同的有8組tostopdoingdoing3.remembertodorememberdoingregretdoregretdoingtrytodogoonafraidbeafraidto不式特句Whynot4

"Why動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為"為什么不干嗎例如：Whynottakea干嗎不去度課堂?。甠____betterlove；lovedB.That；beC.It；lovedItbeloved．I've；nowI'mforbread_____.itbyitwitcutitwithtoit．I'mgladhimyesterday.toseenhavebeenC.nottobeennottoseen．doEnglish?-It'sa_____.tospokenC.tospeakspoken．Hewouldstayhome_____withyou.goB.toC.goingShepretendedmeIpassedby.toseeB.seeingC.tonotseehavingseenforget_____thisbooktowhenhim.toB.returningD.toreturningWebothlookingforwardtoonvacationB.goonC.goingvacationhaveon_____thewhenyouit.backB.havingbackC.backwillputback10.IregrettedthatsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosay/11.Inorderreachthehillinsixhours,try_____.toclimbthemountainB.themountainC.hardlymountaintoclimbmountain．Iwhenaboutit.readB.tohavetobereading．Hesaid_____already.sentB.sentsent14.Crossett_____visitorB.toC.beD.to15.Helikeinpublic.praisingpraisedC.praisepraised5

．careful_____patientthetruth.B.telltonotD.telling．Willyoumeproblemmyself?；toallow；workC.；workD.permit；18.Heisfirst_____andthe_____.ofcomingB.comes；C.；leaveD.coming；．BeforeliberationhehadchanceofgoingtoschoolgoC.goschoolD.to．betterherthenewsdon'ttelltellC.tellD.to1.D2.C5.A8AC13.C14.B15.B16.B18.C19.B20.D回小課后檢fluis______bywhichtoincellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.beingtobeD.tohaveisbestMike____withherexperiment?tohelpingC.helpD.tohelpingTobegoodforagriculturalsoilmustinittheplantstorequireB.requirerequiredD.requiringWeleftsmalltowntherepointinstaying.6

B.tobeD.IaIwouldlikemechanic,Itruly,______.itoverB.ittolookitoverlookeditgirlafraid___yardbecauseshewasafraidbydog_____gate.A.toenter..tobitten..layB.ofentering…ofbeingbitten…layC.ofentering…tobitten…layingD.toenter…ofbeingbitten---Howmanydowillbewithextinctionwhenthecompleted?---IexpectB.therebetherebeennewsmotherkilledinthetrafficaccident,sheouldnbuttocryB.cryingcriedcryathasprovedanditisworth______A.to..beinglistenedtoB./…beinglistenedC.ing..listeningD./…listening10.worry.Therearestillfiveminutes_______andyoutaketime.leavingtoleaveC.toleft11.alwaysforgetshasdone.---knowhappened?Heforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.topostcardB.cardC.postedthecardD.tohave12.–goingdoxcumentforyou?---MyB.C.totypetyping13.LastIhadwalkhomebecauseitanytaxis.tobeB.beingC.beenD.to14.What’sbestwayyouthink________ourspokenEnglish?ofimprovingC.ofimprove15.It’spayday,andtheywaiting________.forpayingtoC.payingD.to16.’mnotgoingaskteacherwhyhemethatgrade;intend________.toB.lettingtherestC.toletto17.youwantlakespeechon---I_________.A.prefernotB.prefernotC.perfertoD.’tpreferto18.IyouthatapplicationbeenB.beC.be19.DoyouitbetteritagainB.notitagainnotitagainD.toitagain20.WhileitwaslatewhenJonedoingthejob,withhisfriendassistance,theofficewaslocked.tobebeingfinishing4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D11.C12.A13.DCB18.D19.D7

課后練．_____betterlove；lovedB.That；beC.It；lovedItbeloved．I've；nowI'mforbread_____.itbyitwitcutitwithtoit．I'mgladhimyesterday.toseenhavebeenC.nottobeennottoseen．doEnglish?-It'sa_____.tospokenC.tospeakspoken．Hewouldstayhome_____withyou.goB.toC.goingShepretendedmeIpassedby.toseeB.seeingC.tonotseehavingseenforget_____thisbooktowhenhim.toB.returningD.toreturningWebothlookingforwardtoonvacationB.goonC.goingvacationhaveon_____thewhenyouit.backB.havingbackC.backwillputback10.IregrettedthatsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosay/11.Inorderreachthehillinsixhours,try_____.toclimbthemountainB.themountainC.hardlymountaintoclimbmountain．Iwhenaboutit.readB.tohavetobereading．Hesaid_____already.sentB.sentsent14.Crossett_____visitorB.toC.beD.to15.Helikeinpublic.praisingpraisedC.praisepraised．careful_____patientthetruth.B.tellC.nottellD.telling．Willyoumeproblemmyself?；toallow；workC.；workD.permit；18.Heisfirst_____andthe_____.ofcomingB.comes；C.；leaveD.coming；．Beforeliberationhehadchance8

ofgoingtoschoolgoC.goschoolD.to．You'dherthenewsdon'ttelltellC.tellD.to1.D2.C5.A8AC13.C14.B15.B16.B18.C19.B20.Dfluis______bywhichtoincellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.beingtobeD.tohaveisbestMike____withherexperiment?tohelpingC.helpD.tohelpingTobegoodforagriculturalsoilmustinittheplantstorequireB.requirerequiredD.requiringWeleftsmalltowntherepointinstaying.B.C.isIaIwouldlikemechanic,Itruly,______.itoverB.ittolookitoverlookeditgirlafraid___yardbecauseshewasafraidbydog_____gate.A.toenter..tobitten..layB.ofentering…ofbeingbitten…layC.ofentering…tobitten…layingD.toenter…ofbeingbitten---Howmanydowillbewithextinctionwhenthecompleted?---IexpectB.therebetherebeennewsmotherkilledinetrafficaccidentshecouldn’tbut_____tocryB.cryingcriedcryathasprovedanditisworth______tobe../…beinglistenedC.being..listeningtoD./…lis