美式論文、報告寫作技巧

編者按：美式教育的特點即是課程內容強調學生參與及創(chuàng)新運用，因此，報告便成了常見的

考核學生學習成果的方式，比如實驗報告、學期報告、專題報告、研究報告及論文(含畢業(yè)

論文)等。研究生presentation及seminar的機會更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占學期成績

很大比例。如何完成報告、論文同時得到良好的成績，是本文提供給有志留學的有心人參考

的目的。

美國大學生由於自小已養(yǎng)成自動尋找答案習慣，在啟發(fā)式的教育環(huán)境下，寫報告、論文對他

們來說比較不陌生，雖然專業(yè)知識上美國學生不見得比外籍學生強，但是表達能力由於自小

培養(yǎng)，加上英語能力的優(yōu)勢，常比外籍學生在報告、論文方面有較隹的利基。反之中國學生

比較缺乏報告寫作的訓練,因此如果在留學過程中無法適應美式教育會比較辛苦，其實論文、

報告的寫作要領其實不難，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常論文由篇首(Preliminaries),本文(Texts似及參考資料(References)三部分構成；而這三大

部分各自內容如下：

(-)篇首：

封面(Title)

序言(Preface)

謝詞(Acknowledge)

提要(Summary)

目錄(TablesandAppendixes)

(-)本文：

弓I言(Introduction)

主體，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、節(jié)(Section)、以及注釋(Footnotes)

(三)參考資料：

參考書U(ReferencesorBibliography)

附錄資料(Appendix)。

進行論文或報告寫作之前，先要確定想要表達的主題，主題確定后，將其具體表達，即為題

目。題目可以提供研究者：

一.研究的方向

二,研究的范圍

三.資料搜集的范圍

四.預期研究成果

通常在確定題目之彳笈就開始找資料從事研究，建議在找資料之前最好去問教授有哪些參考資

料來源可供參考引用。構思為確定寫作大綱或Proposal的先前步驟，大綱是論文、報告的

骨干，Proposal是研究的架構、流程及范圍的說明書。如何構思大綱或Proposal為論文、

報告寫作前的必要準備工作。好的論文或研究報告，要基于在完整、詳實的資料上，而參考

資料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的來源就是圖書館了，?般參考資料來源可分成教科書或

手冊、政府機構的報告、科技或商業(yè)方面的雜志，及會議性質的資料。此外現(xiàn)代的電腦資料

庫也可幫助收集資料，在國外可利用學校的電腦連線資料庫尋找自己需要的資料。當一切準

備就緒，即可開始著手寫報告，一般報告還分大報告如期末、專題等報告，及小報告如

Seminar式的報告。

就算是小報告，也至少應含

（―）TITLEPAGES：包含主題名稱、作者、日期

（―）Summary：即主要的結論

（三introduction：包括理論背景及內容

（四）TechnicalSections：是論文的主體，為最重要的部份應再細分為幾個片斷。

（五）Conclusions：即扼要的結論

（六）Appendixes：復雜公式的導引及叁考資料和電腦程式的報表可附加在此項

美式報告的撰寫通常要打字，兩行式，行間若有未拼完的字要以音節(jié)來連接。寫報告通常需

要用到電腦，如有計算數(shù)字統(tǒng)計圖表的需求，也常會用到程式軟體如PASCAL、LOTUS,

統(tǒng)計分析軟體如SAS,也是不可或缺的，電腦繪圖在今II已成為工商界及學術界的重要工

具，文書處理更是最基本的要求，因此WordforWindow、Powerpoint>Excel便成了頗受歡

迎的工具。此外在英文語法、文法上的潤飾與修改，如能請老美幫忙會比較好。

論文、報告完成后有時會需要做解說（Presentation）,用英文來講演對中國人來說算是一大挑

戰(zhàn)，通常課堂講演時間為十五分鐘到三十分鐘，若是論文口試則至少一小時。投影機及麥克

風的使用對講演的效果有很大幫助，正式講演前多預習幾次，時間宜控制適中，上臺時忌諱

低頭拿著報告照念，需留意聽眾的反應，切中主題，避免太多數(shù)字的導引。

BEC中級閱讀第一課時

第一課時

開場白

評分標準：A、B、C考試通過（PassingGrade）D^E考試不及格（FailingGrade）

BEC閱讀

考試時間：1小時題目數(shù)：45道題

題型：1、Matching（搭配題或匹配題）第一部分共7道題，文章250—350字，

是商業(yè)環(huán)境中的文章（產(chǎn)品廣告，招聘廣告）。要么是一篇較長文章中選出4

個相關段落，或者是相關主題的4篇短文章題目難度中等側重于辨認具體的

信息或具體的細節(jié)，極少考主旨

2、Matching（搭配題或匹配題）考察把握文章結構和段落大意的能力給出1

篇正文（商業(yè)類報刊文章或報告中選出并稍加改寫），留有可填寫1句話的一些

空格。加上7個選項，第二部分字數(shù)為450—580?？脊俟擦舫?個空格，實際

上考生只需填寫5個空格，因為第一個空格都是作為example給出的，其答案

為G。故只需6選5難度較大

3、MultipleChoice(單項選擇題)4選1的單項選擇題6個題目文章是一篇

450—550字的正文(一般的或商務的出版物、公司文獻或管理方面的書籍。正

文可能經(jīng)過編輯，但來源是真實的)正確答案不會是簡單的詞匯搭配，而是對

文章中句子的意譯或解釋題目難度較大

4、選擇題形式的完成句子題15個題目200—300字的一篇正文，有15個空格，

每道題都有4個選項，從中選擇1個意義最合適的文章不是特別難，考查考生

詞匯能力

5、Correction(改錯題)考12個題目，全部是找出額外的和不必要的單詞考

查語法知識

命題題材：1、商業(yè)信函(BusinessLetter)常出現(xiàn)在第四、五部分2、廣告

(Advertisement)第一部分常考3、關于經(jīng)濟或者商業(yè)的一些消息或者公告

(PublicInformation)4、產(chǎn)品介紹(ProductDescription)5,商務活動方面的

計劃、安排、決定或建議(BusinessPlan/Proposals/Recommendations)6、會

議記錄(RecordofMeeting)7、非正式信息(InformalMessages)

PARTONE

解題步驟：1、閱讀題目及七個單句，劃出句意關鍵詞。對于談論相似主體的句

子，需區(qū)別內容的相同處和不同處，注意體現(xiàn)不同處的關鍵詞2、快速瀏覽短

文(依靠小標題迅速抓住各篇短文的主題)。瀏覽過程中如果發(fā)現(xiàn)答題的具體信

息，可在具體信息下面劃線并標上題號以備最后檢查

關鍵詞：(定位詞)原詞重現(xiàn)：人名、地名、數(shù)字、時間、百分比、金錢、黑體

字、斜體字原意重現(xiàn)：1、同義相似2、同義差異題目對原文進行歸納與總結：

廣告：產(chǎn)品、招聘、招生、書評人力資源、財經(jīng)

1、產(chǎn)品廣告(ProductAdvertisement)1)產(chǎn)品名稱2)產(chǎn)品特征

練習1.FurnitureAds

1.Thesecanbepiledupneatlywithouttakingupmuchspace.

2.Itisusuallyplacedinfrontofadressingtable.

3.Whenfoldeditturnsintoasoftandcomfortablebed.

4.Peoplecanadjusttheheightofthistogetaconformablesittingposition.

5.Thereisacircularmetalframeatthebottomwhereyoucanrestyourfeet.

6.Thissetoffurnitureischaracterizedbyspace-savingandeasystorage.

7.Thetopofthiscanbestretchedtocertainlength.

A.FoldingTablewithChairs

FoldingOakFinishTablewith4Chairs.Uniquespacesavingdesignconvertsfroma

smallcompactunittoafullsizediningtable!Chairsfitinsidetablewhenfolded-Oak

finishonselectedbeechsolidsandveneers.Tableclosed:34"wide,11"deep;table

opened:34"wide,62"long.

B.HighFashionBarStool

Oversizeddeepslung3?5"paddedseat.Backsupportsserveasfunctionalarmrests.

Newhefty1diametersteelfoot-ring.Adjustableheight.24“to30”high.Easyto

assemblewithsimplehandtools.

C.WhiteWireStackChair

Sturdywireweldedsteelconstructionforasleek,hightechlook.Practicalseatingthat

keepsyoucool.Outsideonthepatioordeck;insideinthekitchenorfamilyroom.

Theselightweightchairsstackneatlyforeasyaccess.Quickandconvenientstorage.

D.FoldingCushionedChairbed

Comfortableseatingconvertstobecomeasinglesleeperinseconds!Sleepsonadult.

Theperfectsolutionwhenunexpectedovernightguestsarrive!Idealforcollegedorm,

Kid'sroom,denorspareroom.SturdyHerculontweedfabriccoveringrey/blue.31

“Wx72”Lx25"H.

E.You'Dbe'sittingpretty9withthisvanitybench.Whitepowdercoatedfinishon

weldedsteel.Itcanbeusedasacompaniontoavanitytableoraloneasanattractive

bathaccent.Gridstyleseat,completewithremovablecomfortcushion.19"Wx

12.75“Lx20"H.easyassemble.

BEC中級閱讀第二課時

第二課時

試題11

Example:

Youcantakeitforonlyashorttimeifyouprefer.

Answer:C

1.Itislocatedoutsidethecity.

2.Itwillbeeasytouseforvarioustypesofretailbusiness.

3.Youknowhowmuchmoneyittooklastyear.

4.Thisbusinessalreadymanufacturesgoodsforsale.

5.Itspriceincludeslivingaccommodation.

6.Ithasbeenoperatingformanyyears.

7.Youwillhavetofindoutthepricefromtheagents.

EBTABUSINESSTRANSFERAGENTS

Thefollowingbusinessesintheregionareofferedforsale:

A

RESTAURANT

Alarge,well-decoratedrestaurantinanexcellentpositionnearthecitycentre.

Openthreeyearswithannualturnoverof£100,000.

Regulartradeandbookingsforweddings,specialoccasionsetc.

Availableon50-yearlease.

Priceonrequest

B

ESTABLISHEDPOTTERY

Familybusinessestablishedforoverfiftyyearsincity'smaincommercialarea.

Smallpottery,currentlyemploystwelvepeopleproducingchinafigures,vasesand

otherdecorativeitems.

Priceincludespremisesplusequipmentandrawmaterials.

Price£200,000

C

VACANTSHOP

Locatedinsuperbhistoricbuildingonexcellentcitycentresite.Largepremises

recentlyrenovatedtoaveryhighstandard.

Wouldsuitawiderangeofdifferenttrades.Availableonlimited(three-year)lease,or

longerifrequired.

Shortlease£15,000

D

GARAGE&CARREPAIR

Smallbusinesswithgreatpotentialfordevelopment.

Garagewithpetrolstationonmainroadbetweencityandcoast.

Includeslargeworkshopsuitableforcarrepairbusiness.Small,three-bedroomhouse

attachedtoworkshop,androomforfurtherbuilding.

Wholeproperty£190,000

2、招聘廣告1)titleJobvacancy/Wanted2)正文(1)公司名稱及職位(Corporation

&Position)(2)對工作職位的描述(Jobdescription)(3)Requirements&

Qualifications(4)待遇(Treatments/Benefits)(5)公司的聯(lián)系方式及地址

(Contactway/Address)

試題8

Example:

YoumusthaveafirstdegreeinEnglish.

Answer:B

1.Youarefreetochoosewhenyouwillbeginandendyourworkday.

2.Youshouldprovidethenamesoftwopeoplewhocangivelettersof

recommendation.

3.Youmusthavetheexperienceofworkingabroad.

4.YouhavetoworkeveryotherSaturday.

5.Youshouldhavesuccessfulworkingexperienceasasecretary.

6.Thejobrequiressomeexperienceaswellasexcellentqualifications.

7.Youneedtobeabletospeakseverallanguages.

A.

SalespersonisrequiredforournewPortmanStreetShowroomtoworkaflexitime30

-hourweek,includingalternateSaturdays.Filecospecializeinofficefurnitureand

equipment.Theshowroomdisplaysourverylatestinintegratedofficedesignandis

intendedtoserveasourwindowonthebusinessworld.Applicantsshouldhavesome

experienceinbusinessandfluencyinasecondlanguagewouldbeadistinct

advantage.

B.

Eurofile,oneofEurope'sleadingpublishersisseekingaself-motivatedAssistant

Accountanttohelprunitsbusyaccountsdepartment.Thesuccessfulcandidateshould

possessexcellentaccountingqualificationsandhaveatleast2years'accounting

experience.S/heshouldalsobecomputerliterateandabletocarryoutallessential

day-to-dayaccountingtasks.ManagementexperienceandEuropeanlanguagesarea

definiteadvantage,Salary15-17,000p.a.SendCVtoJoannaJarvis,Eurofile,Stack

Street,Manchester,MN84TX,quotingreferenceJAC/01/TN.

C.

TheBellEducationalTrustseeksapplicationsfromteachersofEnglishasaforeign

languagetoworkinChina.Candidatesshouldhave:

——adegreeplusaqualificationinTEEL(PGCEorRSA)diploma

——aminimumof3yearsexperiencewithatleastoneyearoverseas

——experienceinpreparationofmaterialsandinteachingESP/EAP

ApplicationswithfullC.V.andthenamesoftworeferees,oneofwhommustbethe

mostrecentemployer,togetherwithrecentphotographofyourself,toLewisKerr,The

BellEducationalTrust,Hillscross,1RedCrossLane,CambridgeCB22QX.

D.

Weareamajorcompanywithaninternationalreputationwithcustomersthroughout

Europe,theMiddleEastandS.E.Asia.

Qualifications:

——Provensecretarialskills

——Languages(French,German,ArabicMandarin)

——Abilitytoworkaspartofteamandonowninitiative

Non-nativespeakerswillhaveafluentcommandofspokenandwrittenEnglish.

Benefitsincludegeneroussalary,6weeks'holiday,andpromotionprospects.

SendC.V.toVideoUnlimited,MorecombeGardens,Manchester.

練習4.JobAdvertisements

1.Thisworkhassomethingtodowithpeople'smentalhealth.

2.Howmuchthepersonearnswilldependonhispracticalexperience.

3.Thisadvertisementoffersemployeestheprospectofgettingpromoted.

4.Ifyougetthejob,you'Uhavetomakebusinesstripseverynowandthen.

5.Thisbusinessneedsapersonwithmanagerialexperienceandskills.

6.Experienceinadvertisingwouldbehelpfulinthisjob.

7.Thisbusinessprovidesawiderangeofserviceitems.

A.Management

Diversifiedservicebusinessseekingexperienced(10yearsplus)executivefor

top-levelspot.Excellentsalary,bonuses,andprofit-sharingforpersonwithproven

problem-solving,marketingandpeopleskills.

B.Communications

MajorSoutheasternchemicalcorporationrequiresaprofessionaltofillavacancyin

theCommunicationsDepartment.Applicationsmusthavedemonstratedexperiencein

allphasesofpromotion,including:media,production,writing,tradeshows,public

relationsandspecialeventhandling.Travelrequired.CBCpreferred.Positioncan

leadtoDepartmentManagement.

C.Technicalsalesrepresentative

OurPigmentDivisionseeksaNJbasedsalespersonfortheNJ,PA,MD,DEterritory.

Pigmentsalesexperiencenecessary.BSChemistryorPhysicalSciencedegree

prefeiTed.Generous,immediateandfreebenefitspackage.Salarycommensuratewith

experience.

D.Psychiatricsocialworker

Privatemental-healthclinicseeks2experiencedcertifiedSocialWorkerstoprovide

individual,groupandfamilypsychotherapytochildren,adolescentsandadults.

Functionasamemberofmultidisciplinedteam.Excellentsupervision;startingsalary

$30,988.Comprehensivemedical,dentalandpensionbenefits.

E.Marketingexecutive

Thisimportantpositionhasrecentlybeencreatedbyoneofthecountry'sleading

clothesmanufacturers.Itisanoutstandingopportunityforagraduatewithtwoyears'

experienceindesignormagazinepublishing.Thesuccessfulcandidatewillbegiven

responsibilityforamajor,recentlylaunchedbrand.Itwouldbeanadvantagetohave

experienceofpromotionalactivities.Excellentfringebenefitsonoffer.

第三課時

試題10

Example:Thejoboffersperksinadditiontothebasicsalary.Answer:D1.

Experienceinadvertisingwouldbehelpfulinthisjob.2.Thisjobwouldprobablysuit

somebodywhohasworkedinthepurchasingdepartmentofalargechainofstores.3.

Threeyears'experiencewouldnotbeenoughforthisjob.4.Forthisjobitwouldbe

usefulifyouhavestudiedhowtocarryoutsurveysintoconsumerattitudes.5.Inthis

jobyouwouldtakechargeofaproductwhichhasbeenonthemarketformanyyears.

6.Togetthisjobitisnotnecessarytohaveworkexperience.7.Suchahigh-ranking

positiondoesnotcomeupveryoften.A

ProductManager

Thiscompanyhasatpresentabout30%ofthemarketandaturnoverofmorethan

£500million.Thepersonappointedwillhaveresponsibilityfora

long-establishedproductwhichisahouseholdname.Experienceintheinsurance

marketisnecessaryandabackgroundinaccountancywouldbehelpful.

B

GroupProductManager

Thisisarareopportunitytoworkataseniorlevelforamarketleaderinthefood

industry,locatedinthenorthofthecountry.Thepersonappointedwillreportdirectly

totheMarketingDirectorandtakefullresponsibilityforaturnoverinexcessof

£80millionandateamofthreemanagers.Applicantsneedtohaveaminimum

offiveyears'experienceinproductmanagement.Amarketresearchqualification

wouldbeanadvantage.

C

ManagementTrainees

Forthisexcitingpositionintheleisureindustryweareseekingmanagementtrainees

todevelopexcellentbuyingskills.Possiblyanewgraduate,thesuccessfulapplicant

mayhaveexperiencewithabignationalretailer,butmustcertainlypossessexcellent

negotiationandcommunicationskills.

D

MarketingExecutive

Thisimportantpositionhasrecentlybeencreatedbyoneofthecountry'sleading

clothesmanufacturers.Itisanoutstandingopportunityforagraduatewithtwoyears'

experienceindesignormagazinepublishing.Thesuccessfulcandidatewillbegiven

responsibilityforamajor,recentlylaunchedbrand.Itwouldbeanadvantagetohave

experienceofpromotionalactivities.Excellentfringebenefitsonoffer.

3、招生廣告

試題5

Example:Youwouldlearnaboutdeductionsfromsalaries.

Key:C

1.Youneedtohaveworkedinanofficebeforeattendingthiscourse.

2.Youwouldlearnsomethingaboutpreventingaccidentsatwork.

3.Youwouldbeabletositanexaminationintyping.

4.Thiscourseisusefulifyourjobinvolvesgreetingpeopleanddealingwith

enquiries.

5.Thiscoursewouldsuitsomeonewithbudgetaryresponsibility.

6.Youwouldgetpracticeinhelpingpeopleinagrouptocommunicate.

7.Youwouldlearnhowtochangetheappearanceofaletterormemo.

A.

Tuesday13.00-15.00

Thiscourseprovidestraininginarrangingmeetings,conductingthemeffectivelyand

makingtravelarrangements.Thetopicswillincludedrawingupagendas,preparing

formeetings,introducingspeakersorparticipants,managingdiscussionssuccessfully,

keepingtoanagreedtimetable,andwritingfollow-upreports.Previousexperienceof

typingandgeneralofficeworkareessentialforthiscourse.

B.

Mon,Thu,Fri10.00-12.00

Thiscoursesisintendedbothforbeginnersandforthosewhohavereachedan

elementarylevelintypewriting.Youwillhavetheopportunitytodevelopyourskills

onup-to-dateelectronicequipment,gainingexperienceofproducingallkindsof

typedmaterialinavarietyofmodernlayouts.Studentswillbegivenample

opportunitiesfor“handson"experienceofword-processingonthelatestpersonal

computers.Typewritingtestscanbetakenforwidelyrecognisedqualifications.

C.

Monday9.00-11.00

Thiscourseisdesignedtoprovidestudentswithexperienceofoperatingasetof

accounts,comparablewiththoseofasmallfamilyfirm,andofdealingwiththemore

generalfinancialaspectsofrunningasmallbusiness.Topicswillincludeprofitand

loss,maintainingrecordsefficiently,cashpayments,taxation,insuranceand

computerisedaccounting.Externalexaminationscanbearranged.

D.

Friday11.00-13.00

Participantsonthiscoursewilldeveloptheirtelephoneskillsandreceptiontechniques

inpracticalsituations.Othertopicsincludedinthecoursearedealingwith

correspondence,thelatestdevelopmentinfaxequipmentandphotocopiers,andthe

advantagesthesenewfacilitiesoffer.Thecoursealsocovershealthandsafety,

includingrecentimportantchangesinsafetyregulationsgoverningtheworkplace.

試題9

Example:Thiscoursewillimproveyourtypingskills.Answer:C

1.Applyforthiscourseifyouareinterestedinninningcoursesinofficeskills.

2.Thiscoursewillteachyouhowtorepaircomputers.

3.Applicantsmustgivereasonsforwantingtojointhiscourse.

4.Thiscoursepromisesveryquickresults.

5.Youwillbeshownarangeofteachingmethodsonthiscourse.

6.Ifyoucompletethiscoursesuccessfully,youmaybegivenajob.

7.Theorganiserswillcoversomeofyourcostswhileyouareonthiscourse.

A

InteractiveTraining

Haveyoueverconsideredacareerintraining?

ApplynowtojoinoneofourInteractiveTrainingcourses.Allourtrainershavehad

leadingrolesinStaffDevelopmentandtheywilldemonstrateavarietyoftraining

techniquesfromindividualandgroupinvolvementtousingdrama.Course

participantscontributetheirexperienceinthediscussionswhichfolloweachactivity.

GuidanceindesigningarangeofcoursesincludingWordProcessing,Typing,Time

ManagementandAccountingisprovided.

ContactIanDraper:Phone23345454Fax23345778

B

EuromoneyTraineeScheme

Studentsinterestedincreatingorsellingfinancialproductsareinvitedtoapplyfor

six-monthtrainingschemes.

Anexpensesallowanceispaidmonthlytoeachtrainee.Attheendofthesixmonths,

traineeswillbeassessedontheiraptitudeandaselectednumberwillbeoffered

permanentemploymentinourcentraloffice.

StudentswishingtoapplyshouldsendaCVplusa200-wordsummaryofwhythey

thinktheyaresuitableforthisscheme.

Applicationsto:Euromoney,Unit3,DearingCommercialEstate,Singapore

C

CercosHighTechnologyCourses

Regardlessofpreviousexperience,ifyouareagedeighteenorover,Cercos'

professionalsevenweekfull-timetrainingprogrammeprovidesthegatewayto

employmentintherapidlyexpandingcomputermaintenanceindustry.Learnhowto

diagnosefaultsusingthelatesttechnologicalaidsandtodealeffectivelyand

efficientlywithproblemmachineryandproblemcustomers!

ContactJohnSegarroon07724313forapplicationformandcoursecontents.

D

WizardTrainingCourses

Manypeopleareconfusedbythearrangementoflettersonacomputerkeyboardand

neverprogressbeyondtappingslowlyawaywithtwofingers.Ourcoursesconcentrate

ontrainingthefingerstofindallthelettersonthekeyboard.Easy,shortdrillswith

three-letterwordshelpyoumastertheskillsoftypingwithinamatterofdays.

Phone34254422forcostsandfurtherdetails.

4、書評廣告

試題6

Example:

Thebookofferssomeinformationaboutcommunicationstyle.

Answer:A

1.Itaimstotrainthestudentstobecomesensitivetodifferentstylesofwriting.

2.StudentsareexpectedtolearnsomethingaboutAmericansociety.

3.Itmainlyfocusesonthedevelopmentofyourreadingtechniques.

4.Studentsareencouragedtoparticipateingroupactivities.

5.Someusefulinformationisofferedonhowtofurtheryouracademicstudy.

6.OnechapterdealswithdifferentaspectsofcultureinAmerica.

7.Thematerialchosenforthebookisfromthereallife.

A.

Thisclassiccross-culturebookprovidesreadingpassages,culturenotes,and

discussiontopicswhichfocusonvalues,behavior,attitudesandcommunicationstyles.

ItfeaturesachapteronculturaldiversityintheUS;anexplanationofmainstreamUS

valueswithexampleswhichrevealsomeofthemorehiddenaspectsofculture;

examplesofcross-culturaldifferencesinawidevarietyofcultures;andextensive

readingsandexercises.

B.

Asamulti-standcourse-organizedaccordingtofunctions,discussiontechniquesand

communicationconceptsthistextdevelopsthespeakingskillsofbusiness

professionalsorbusinessstudents.Itiseasilyadaptabletodifferingclasssizes,

studentneedsandinterests.Aspecialfeatureofthecourseisitscarefullystaged

discussionactivitieswhichstructureandfacilitategroupparticipation.

C.

ThisseriesisintendedforstudentsnowreadytoapproachEnglishliterature.Each

bookdealswithboththeliteraryandthelanguageaspectsoftheirtexts.Some

exercisesfocusonapersonalresponse,othersondiscussingliteraryqualitiessuchas

style,character,imageryandideas.Otherexercisesconcentrateonthedevelopmentof

languageawarenessintermsofgrammar,vocabularyanddifferentstylesofwriting.

D.

Authentictextscoveringawiderangeoftopicsprovideastimulatingbasisforaskills

andstrategiesapproachtoacademicreading.Techniquesofskimmingandscanning,

identifyingmainideas,understandingtextorganizationandguessingunknown

vocabularyprovidethebasisforeachunit.Thesearefollowedbymoreadvanced

strategies,suchasanalyzingawriter'suseoftime,evaluatingawriter'sattitudeand

assessingthedegreeofcertaintyinarguments.Eachunitendswithdiscussiontopics

whichleadtoawritingtaskbasedonthereadingtexts.

試題12

Example:Itistheworkofasuccessfulwriter.Answer:C

1.Itdescribesactivitieswhichhavebecomeincreasinglypopular.

2.Itgivesimportantinformationasbrieflyaspossible.

3.Itdealswithanareathathasreceivedlittleattentionpreviously.

4.Itdescribesmethodsthatcanhelpwithteam-building.

5.Itissuitabletopeoplewithvaryingdegreesofcommercialexperience.

6.Itwaspreviouslypublishedwithadifferenttitle.

7.Itiswrittenforpeoplefromdifferenttypesofprofessionalbackground.

A

TheTrainer?sPocketbook

FormerlyknownasTheInstructor\Pocketbook,theeightheditionofthisshortguide

covers'alltheessentialsoftraining',fromcreatingtherightlearningenvironmentto

theuseofaudio-visualequipment.This78bookconcentratesonpresentingthe

keyfactsinsummaryform.

B

TheHandbookofHealthandSafety

Thisisacomprehensiveguideintendedformanagers,unionsafetyrepresentatives

andanyoneteachingforOccupationalHealth&Safetyexaminations.Apartfromthe

usualsubjectsoflegalobligationsandriskprevention,itfocusesonarelatively

neglectedissue,thatofhealthconcernsaboutcomputeruse—particularlythose

associatedwithkeyboardwork.

C

WritingEffectiveAdvertisements

Thisguidehasbeenputtogetherbybest-sellingauthorJohnNewtonandlooksatthe

reasonswhysomeadvertisementsaremoresuccessfulthanothers.Idealbothfor

someonestartingupinbusinessandfortheestablishedbusinessperson,itcontains

usefulinformationonadvertisementlayoutandcontent.

D

UsingManagementGames

Thissecondedition,whichreflectsthegrowingtrendtousemanagementgamesas

trainingtools,actsasaguidetoexercisesdesignedtoincreasegroupeffectiveness.

Thewriterexplainsthewaysinwhichexercises,forexamplepuzzlesand

communicationgames,canbeusedtoimprovegroupco-operation.

財經(jīng)類新聞(BusinessNews)

練習2.BusinessNews

1.Shareholdersseemedtohaveafinalsayintopmanagement.

2.Thisnewssuggestsbittercompetitionbetweencomputergiants.

3.Somepeoplewouldtakeadvantageofthisperiodoftimetomakemoney.

4.Themanwouldbedetainedonaforeignlandforsometime.

5.Thebuy-outseemedtobenefitbothcompanies.

6.Thecompanyhadn'tenteredintotheAmericanmarketbeforeitwasmerged.

7.Thechangeinpersonnelhasboostedshareholders9confidenceinthecompany.

A.Inadealvaluedatmorethan$5billion,CrownCork,aleadingAmerican

packagingcompanywithlittlepresenceinEurope,agreedtobuyCamaudMetalbox

ofFrance,oneofEurope\largestpackagerswithlittlepresenceinAmerica.Afrenzy

ofdealingsentsharesinbothsoaringaround15%.

B.AnothertopFrenchbusinessmanwasplacedunderinvestigationforcorruption.

Themanisbeingquestionedabouta1991water-supplycontract.Meanwhile,a

Germanbusinessman,whowentmissingafterhispropertyempirecollapsedlastyear,

embarrassingthemanybanksthathadbackedhim,wasarrestedinMiami.Extradition

couldtakemonths.

C.Kmart,America'ssecond-largestretailer,istohaveanewbosstoreplaceJoseph

Antonini,whowasforcedtostepdownearlierthisyearbyunhappyshareholders.

SharessoaredonthenewsthatFloydHall,formerchiefexecutiveofTargetStores,a

rivaldiscounter,istostepintoAntonini'sshoes.

D.IBMtriedtocounterthegrowthofMicrosoft,theworld'slargestsoftwarefirm,by

launchinga$3.3billionhostilebidforLotusDevelopment,asoftwarecompany.The

$60-a-shareofferboostedthepriceofLotussharesby89%.IBMseesLotus'sNotes

softwareasapassportintothegrowingmarketfor'groupware9programsthathelp

networksofcomputerstalktoeachother.

E.TheEuropeanCommissionpublishedaconsultativepaperonitspromisesingle

currency,inwhichitsuggestedthattherewouldhavetobefouryearsbetweenafinal

decisiontolaunchthenewcurrencyanditsarrivalincitizens5pockets.Itpredicted

thatspeculatorswouldusetheintervaltomakedestabilisingbetsonthefinal

conversionratesoftheoldcurrencies.Butthecommissionisstickingtoitsdeadline

ofJanuary1999foreconomicandmonetaryunion.

BEC中級閱讀

第四課時

Test2

READINGPARTONEQuestions1-7

1Sometimesitisnecessarytoinsistonfurtherexplanation.

2Youshouldn'tfocusonyourresponsewhileothersarestillspeaking.

3Peoplearereluctanttoadmitthattheydon'tlistenwell.

4Therearebenefitsinseeingthingsfromthespeaker7sperspective.

5Keenobservationofthespeakercansupportourlisteningskills.

6Itisriskytothinkaboutadifferentissuewhilesomeoneisspeaking.

7Peopledonotmindhearingtheirownviewssummarised.Goodlistener,better

manager

A

Toooftenweaccuseothersofnotlistening,pretendingthatweourselvesarefaultless,

yetinourheartsweknowthatmanyofthemistakeswemakecomeaboutbecausewe

haven'tlistenedcarefullyenough.Wegetthingswrongbecausewehaven'tquite

understoo