廣東省廣州市金沙中學2021-2022學年高三英語模擬試卷含解析一、選擇題1.Inthatschool,Englishiscompulsoryforallstudents,butFrenchandRussianare_________.A．special

B．regional

C．optional

D．original參考答案：C略2.Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere______manyothersareshortof.A.where B.whenC.that D.what參考答案：C試題分析：句意：這個飯店有其他很多飯店缺少的誘人的象家一樣的氛圍。這里使用了定語從句，先行詞是aninviting,homelikeatmosphere，在定語從句中manyothersareshortof后面缺少賓語，所以用關系代詞that引導定語從句，選C?？键c：考查定語從句3.Whichdoyouenjoy_____yourweekend,walkinginthewoodorfishingonthelake?

A.spending

B.tospend

C.spent

D.ofspending參考答案：B4.______amoredetailedaccountoftheeventinthecourt,hespokeveryslowly,______everywordverycarefully.

A.Togive;choosing

B.Given;choosing

C.Havinggiven;tochoose

D.Giving;havingchosen參考答案：A略5.—Jack,youseeminhighspirits.—________Wewonthematch4-0.

A.Guesswhat?

B.Sowhat?

C.Nowonder.

D.Nodouble.參考答案：A略6.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospital,butI______fullyoccupiedlastweek.A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.havebeen參考答案：A7.TheTurnersconsider____acomputer,whichiscommonlyconsidered____agreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobe

B.buying;tobe

C.tobuy;being

D.buying;being參考答案：B8.weareinastage_________itisstilltooearlytosaywhowillwinthemostvotesandbecomethenewPresident.A

that

B

where

Cwhich

Dwhat參考答案：B9.IsitMoYan’shometown_______hasinspiredhimthroughouthiswritingcareer?A.inwhich B.where C.that D.as參考答案：C10.Inmanycountries,breakfastisasnack_______meal,buttraditionalEnglishbreakfastisafullmeal.

A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.lessthan參考答案：B11.Intoday’sfastchangingandcompetitiveworld,tobeabletolearnfasterandmoreeffectivelyisnotmerelydesirable;itis________.A.essential

B.worthwhile

C.challenging

D.sufficient參考答案：A12.—Ijustcan’tputthisnew1amptogetlaerproperly．

—_______________，dear．Followtheinstructionsstepbystep．

A．Takecare

B．Don’tbother．

C．That’sit

D．Bepatient參考答案：D13.Hewassonervousduringthetest.No________hedidn’tpasstheexam.A.way

B.surprise

C.wonder

D.matter參考答案：C14.(2016·江蘇)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage

________withinthework.A.tohide

B.hiddenC.hiding

D.beinghidden參考答案：B試題分析：考查分詞作定語。相當于定語從句thatishiddenwithinthework。A、C項表示主動含義，D項表示正在進行，與語境不符。故B項正確。【名師點睛】過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上，表被動；在時間上，表示動作已經發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關系。過去分詞作定語表示動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生，已經完成并具有被動意義。作定語的過去分詞一般由及物動詞變來，因為只有及物動詞才有被動意義。如：1.Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是個很受學生愛戴的老師。

也有用不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語的情況，一般作前置定語，它不表示被動意義，只表示主動意義，強調動作完成。如：fallenleaves落葉

retiredworkers退休工人

therisensun升起的太陽

注意下面過去分詞作定語的幾種情況：

一、單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，也可以放名詞后作后置定語，用以強調動作。如：

1.Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我們需要更多的合格的工人。

2.Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是個歸國的留學生。

3.Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他們決定更換使用的材料。二、過去分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語時，其作用相當于一個定語從句。如：Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

="The"studentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的學生是我的女兒。三、如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等時，過去分詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。如：ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自從我離開這個城鎮(zhèn)以來，幾乎沒有什么變化。

15.

Dr.PeterSpence，_______headmasterofthehighschool,statedthat_______fifthofadolescentswouldgotostudyattop-fiveuniversitieslikeCambridgeandOxford.A.the,the

B./,a

C./,the

D.a,a參考答案：B16.—HowdoyoufindthetalkgivenbyMr.Smith?—______.

A．Verywell

B．Excited

C．Boring

D．Notatall參考答案：C17.—Somebodywantsyouonthetelephone.—

nooneknowsI’mhere.

A．For

B．And

C．But

D．So參考答案：

C

解析：此題考查了在具體的語言環(huán)境中介詞和連詞的用法。根據上面句子的意思可以知道for表示原因,So表示結果,都與上文語氣不符。而but表示轉折，突出驚訝的語氣。18.PerhapsTaobaoisAsia’slargestandmostpopularretail（零售的）networkplatform,_____peoplecanbuyandsellagreatvarietyofthings.A.which

B.where

C.when

D.that參考答案：B19.TheChinesecommunityhereareshootingofffireworksin

oftheChineseNewYear.A．celebration

B．honor

C．memory

D．consideration參考答案：A二、完型填空20.Inwinter,Ioftenwalkinanearbyparkduringlunchtime.Theparkisquiet,as

41

peoplehavethetimetoenjoythewintersunonaweekday.Thetwopeoplethatareoftenseenareamiddle-agedfatherandhislittledaughter

42

herschooluniform.Thefatherlookslikehehasallthetimeintheworld—he

43

tohurryalongthejoggingpath;insteadhematcheshispacewith

44

ofthelittlegirl.Sometimestheyarelying

45

inthesun,laughingandchatting.Themancertainlydoesn’tlook

46

.Whatsortofjobcanhehavethatgiveshimtheflexibilitytowalkintheparkinthemiddleoftheday?Andtoday,we

47

satontherocksandhadalittlechat.“You

48

enjoytheparkverymuchtocomeheresooften,”Isaid.Thefathernodded.“How”Iaskedcuriously,

“doyou

49

toleaveyourofficetobewithyourdaughtereveryday?”Thestorythatthefather,SatyendraDugbey,toldmeshowedmehow,ifwe

50

underthesurface,evenordinarypeople’slifecanbequite

51

.“Iusedtobenodifferentfromanyofthosethousandsofofficeworkers

52

toworkeveryday,”hebegan.Hiswifeandhewerewell

53

butrarelymanagedtimeoffforleisure.Everythingchangedafteranaccident

54

Dugbeywashitbyacar.Ashelayinhospital,terrifyingthoughts

55

hismind.“Howwouldmydaughter,thenonlyfour,remembermeifIdiedthatday?”“Wouldmydaughterhave

56

ofbeingwithherfather?”Themomentherecoveredandwentbacktowork,Dugbeytooktimeoffatlunch,

57

herdaughterfromschoolwhichwasjustnextdoortohisworkingplace,andtookhertothepark.Itwasactuallyaverysmallchangehe’dmade,hesaid,butitamazedhimeverydaytoseethedifferenceit

58

tohislife.“Itbringsmesomuch

59

thatIcan’tbelievewhyothershaven’tthoughtofdoingthesamething.”hesaidsimply.Igotuptocontinuemy

60

walk,unexpectedlyhappyafterhisstory.41.A.few

B.afew

C.little D.alittle42.A.on

B.in

C.with

D.under43.A.tends

B.intends

C.inspires

D.refuses44.A.it

B.that

C.this

D.those45.A.heavily

B.tiredly

C.lazily

D.lonely46.A.unemployed

B.untrained

C.untested D.unwanted47.A.truly

B.generally

C.entirely

D.finally48.A.can

B.should

C.must

D.would49.A.succeed

B.fail

C.manage D.struggle50.A.dig

B.push

C.clean

D.knock51.A.extraordinary

B.flexible

C.peaceful

D.reliable52.A.hurrying

B.wandering

C.hesitating D.hating53.A.down

B.over

C.above

D.off54.A.underwhich

B.inwhich

C.atwhich

D.onwhich55.A.cameup

B.cameabout

C.cameout

D.cameinto56.A.association

B.memories

C.misunderstanding

D.consideration57.A.pickedup

B.pickedout

C.tookup

D.tookout58.A.took

B.led

C.made

D.got59.A.love

B.joy

C.relief

D.depression60.A.long-suffering

B.long-lost

C.long-forgotten

D.long-lasting參考答案：41．A42．B43．D44．B45．C46．A47．D48．C49．C50．A51．A52．A53．D54．B55．D56．B57．A58．C59．B60．C41．根據上文“Theparkisquiet,”可知，公園里很安靜，幾乎沒有人在工作日里有時間享受冬日的陽光。few幾乎沒有。故選A。42．句意：她穿著校服。in穿著。故選B。43．根據下文“insteadhematcheshispacewith

ofthelittlegirl.”可知，他拒絕在慢跑道上匆忙行走。refuse拒絕。故選D。44．句意：反而跟隨著小女孩的步伐。用that代替pace。故選B。45．句意：有時，則懶洋洋地躺坐在陽光下談天說笑。lazily懶惰地。故選C。46．根據下文“Whatsortofjobcanhehavethatgiveshimtheflexibilitytowalkintheparkinthemiddleoftheday?”可知，他看起來一點兒也不像無業(yè)游民。unemployed未雇傭的。故選A。47．句意：而今天，我們終于得以一起坐在石頭上閑聊幾句。finally終于。故選D。48．根據“tocomeheresooften”可知，你們常來這里，肯定很喜歡這個公園吧。must肯定。故選C。49．句意：你能夠每天中午都離開辦公室和你的女兒在一起嗎？managetodosth.想方設法做成某事。故選C。50．句意：如果我們深入挖掘，即便是平凡人也可能有著不平凡的故事。dig挖掘。故選A。51．根據上文“evenordinarypeople’slife”可知，即便是平凡人也可能有著不平凡的故事。extraordinary不平凡的。故選A。52．根據上文“Iusedtobenodifferentfromanyofthosethousandsofofficeworkers”可知，我每天都和很多辦公人員一樣匆忙上班。hurrying匆忙。故選A。53．句意：雖然他的妻子和他的收入很高。welloff富有的。故選D。54．which引導定語從句，指代先行詞anaccident作為介詞in的賓語。句意：Dugbey被一輛公共汽車撞倒，事故之后一切都變了。故選B。55．句意：當他躺在醫(yī)院里的時候，腦海里閃過一個可怕的想法。cameinto進來。故選D。56．句意：我的女兒將會記得陪伴她的父親嗎？memories記憶。故選B。57．句意：他把女兒從學校接出來，帶到公園去。pickedup接送。故選A。58．句意：但這卻讓他的生活每天都發(fā)生令人驚訝的新變化。madeadifference有影響。故選C。59．句意：這給我?guī)砹藰O大的快樂，我想不明白為什么其他人沒有想過要這樣做。joy快樂。故選B。60．句意：聽完他的故事后，我感到了意想不到的快樂，起身繼續(xù)那早已被我忘在腦后的散步。long-forgotten長久被遺忘的。故選C?！军c評】本文講述的是一個人出車禍以后對待生活的不同態(tài)度。多陪伴家人，這給他帶來了極大的快樂。作者聽完他的故事后，感到了意想不到的快樂，開始早已被忘在腦后的散步。21.Itwasn’tyet8:30am.However,insteadofenteringmyoffice,Iwasleavingit.Carryingaplasticshoppingbagofmypersonalthings,Imovedina(n)___16___waytomycar,anddrovehomecrying.Ihadjustbeen___17___Forfollowingweeks,Iwastroubledbythe___18___ofthatsuddenlay-off:Whataboutthepeoplewhowouldbe___19___bymyabandonedprojects?WouldIhaveachancetogetanotherjob?___20___withanxiety,shameandsuddenoutburstsoftears,Ifeltcompletely___21___“WhatshouldIdonext?”Iaskedmyself.Oneday,overdinnerwithmygoodfriendSophiainarestaurant,Itoldheraboutmy___22___,“Beingfiredcameasa___23___Iamnotabadperson.Idon’tknow___24___ithappenedtome.Infact,Iwassohard-workingand___25___tomycompany”.Afterlisteningtomywords,she___26___me,“Neverbesodepressed.Beingfiredisn’tthesamethingasbeingbad.Therearelotsof___27___thatwecannotescapeinlife,andwehavetofacethem___28___andfindsolutions.Ithinkyoushouldmakesomechangestohelpyou___29___thisissue.Unemploymentjustmeansanewstart.”Herwordsgavemealotofconfidenceandstrength,which___30___metotakeactiontochangethebadsituation.Ihadafirmbeliefthateverythingwouldhopefully___31___fine.Thenalongjourneyofapplyingfornewjobsbegan.Inaddition,Imadeadecision—startingto___32___thepeoplewhohelpedmeeitherwiththeemotionalsupportofmyunemploymentorinmysearchforanewjob.Iwouldsendeachofthemathank-youcard.Sophiahadhelpedmealot,andshegotmyfirstcard.ExpressinggratitudeisthebestthingthatIhavedoneto___33___mynegativethoughtsandmoveforward.Fortunately,Ihavegota(n)___34___jobthatfitsmyskillsandinterests.Nomatterwhathappensinthefuture,Iwill___35___thiswonderfuldecisionandshowmorepeoplemythanks.16.A.relaxing B.confident C.unsteady D.humorous17.A.adopted B.fired C.cheated D.fined18.A.shadow B.guidance C.standard D.background19.A.promoted B.trusted C.refused D.affected20.A.Agreeing B.Connecting C.Struggling D.Dealing21.A.positive B.confused C.confident D.serious22.A.promises B.goals C.feelings D.needs23.A.occasion B.threat C.present D.shock24.A.why B.when C.whether D.where25.A.attractive B.occupied C.aware D.faithful26.A.blamed B.greeted C.encouraged D.announced27.A.challenges B.opportunities C.arguments D.responsibilities28.A.practically B.bravely C.secretly D.excitedly29.A.relyon B.lookinto C.giveup D.dealwith30A.drove B.ordered C.forbade D.expected31.A.setabout B.turnout C.resultfrom D.holdback32.A.thank B.entertain C.understand D.help33.A.explain B.remove C.suspect D.accept34.A.difficult B.ridiculous C.satisfying D.embarrassing35.A.research B.replace C.select D.continue參考答案：16.C

17.B

18.A

19.D

20.C

21.B

22.C

23.D

24.A

25.D

26.C

27.A

28.B

29.D

30.A

31.B

32.A

33.B

34.C

35.D本文是一篇記敘文。

文章主要敘述我在被公司解雇以后，無法從悲傷的情緒中擺脫處理。后來在朋友的鼓勵下做出了改變：向別人表示自己的感謝。最后找到了滿意的工作，并決定繼續(xù)這樣走下去?！?6題詳解】C考查形容詞辨析。句意：拿著裝滿個人物品的一個塑料袋，我一路不穩(wěn)地走向我的汽車，哭著回了家。形容詞relaxing放松的；confident自信的；unsteady不穩(wěn)的；humorous幽默的。使用unsteady表示我當時很難過，走路都走不穩(wěn)了。故C正確?！?7題詳解】B考查上下文串聯。句意：我剛被解雇了。動詞adopt收養(yǎng)，采納；fire開火，解雇；cheat欺騙。根據前面一句敘述可知我被公司解雇，所以才很傷心難過。故B正確?！?8題詳解】A考查名詞辨析。句意：在接下來的幾個星期里，我都處于突然被解雇的陰影之中。名詞shadow陰影；guidance指導；standard標準；background背景。本句使用shadow敘述被解雇給我?guī)淼挠绊憽９蔄正確。【19題詳解】D考查動詞辨析。句意：我遺留的那些項目對那些人的影響會是什么樣？動詞promote宣傳，提拔，促進；trust信任；refuse拒絕；affect影響。本句敘述作者被解雇以后他所做的項目可能會對別人造成影響，作者對此表示擔心。故D正確。【20題詳解】C考查動詞辨析。句意：掙扎在焦慮、羞愧和突然而來的悲傷的情感之中，我感覺很困惑，我接下來應該做什么？動詞agree同意；connect聯系；struggle掙扎，努力；deal處理，對付。故C正確。【21題詳解】B考查上下文串聯。句意同上。形容詞positive積極的；confused困惑的；confident自信的；serious嚴肅的，認真的；根據下一句“WhatshouldIdonext?”Iaskedmyself.說明我對接下來做什么很困惑。故B正確?！?2題詳解】C考查名詞辨析。句意：一天，在和我的朋友Sophia吃飯的時候，我把我的感受告訴了她。名詞promise諾言；goal目標；feeling感覺；need需要。故C正確?！?3題詳解】D考查上下文串聯。句意：被解雇讓我很震驚。名詞occasion機會，時機，場合；threat威脅；present禮物；shock令人震驚的事情。被解雇對我來說是一件令人震驚的事情。和本文第一段對應，記敘闡述被解雇對作者的巨大影響。故D正確?！?4題詳解】A考查連詞辨析。句意：我不知道為什么這件事情會發(fā)生在我身上，實際上我很努力工作對公司也很忠誠。根據句意可知why“為什么”進一步作者對于自己被公司解雇很不理解。故A正確?！?5題詳解】D考查形容詞辨析。句意：實際上我很努力工作對公司也很忠誠。形容詞attractive有吸引力的；occupied忙碌的；aware意識到的；faithful忠誠的。短語befaithfulto對……忠誠。故D正確。【26題詳解】C考查上下文串聯。句意：聽了我的話，她鼓勵我說：不要這么難過，被解雇并不一定是壞事，在人生中有很多我們無法擺脫的挑戰(zhàn)，我們應該勇敢地迎接挑戰(zhàn)并找到解決的方法。我認為你應該做出改變來處理這個問題。失業(yè)了就意味著一個新的開始。動詞blame責備；greet問候；encourage鼓勵；announce宣布；根據上下文可知這是朋友對我的鼓勵。故C正確?！?7題詳解】A考查名詞辨析。句意：被解雇并不一定是壞事，在人生中有很多我們無法擺脫的挑戰(zhàn)，我們應該勇敢地迎接挑戰(zhàn)并找到解決的方法。名詞challenge挑戰(zhàn)；opportunity機會；argument爭論；responsibility責任；根據常識可知，我們人生中有許多挑戰(zhàn)可知A正確?！?8題詳解】B考查副詞辨析。句意：我們應該勇敢地迎接挑戰(zhàn)并找到解決的方法。仍然是朋友對我的鼓勵。副詞practically實用的；實際的；bravely勇敢地；secretly秘密地；excitedly興奮地；根據句意可知B正確?！?9題詳解】D考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我認為你應該做出改變來處理這個問題。失業(yè)了就意味著一個新的開始。短語relyon依靠；lookinto調查；giveup放棄；dealwith對付，處理；故D正確。【30題詳解】A考查動詞辨析。句意：她的話給了我很多鼓勵和力量，這驅使著我采取行動改變這個糟糕的情況。動詞drive驅使；order命令；forbid禁止；expect期待；根據句意可知A正確?！?1題詳解】B考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我堅定地認為所有事情最后結果都會很好。短語setabout著手，開始；turnout結果是；resultfrom因為；holdback隱瞞，控制。故B正確?！?2題詳解】A考查動詞辨析。句意：接著就是長時間申請新工作開始了。而且，我做出一個決定，開始感謝那些給我精神支持的人。根據本文可知作者對待生活的態(tài)度更為積極樂觀了。動詞thank感謝；entertain娛樂；understand理解；help幫助；根據下一段expressinggratitude表達感激，與之相一致。故A正確?！?3題詳解】B考查動詞辨析。句意：表示感謝是我所做消除消極情緒最好的事情。動詞explain解釋；remove去除；suspect懷疑；accept接受；根據句意可知remove符合上下文串聯。故B正確?！?4題詳解】C考查上下文串聯。句意：幸運的是，我找到了一份令人滿意的工作，而且這份工作適合我的技巧和興趣。形容詞difficult困難的；ridiculous荒謬的；satisfying令人滿意的；embarrassing令人尷尬的；根據后半句“而且這份工作適合我的技巧和興趣”，說明這份工作是令人滿意的。故C正確?！?5題詳解】D考查動詞辨析。句意：我將繼續(xù)這個很好的決定，向更多的人表示我的感謝。動詞research研究；replace代替；select選擇；continue繼續(xù)。故D正確。三、閱讀理解22.Onceuponatime,onanisolatedislandintheJavasea,livedshortpeoplewhodominated(支配,占優(yōu)勢)thefoodchain.Standingnomorethanthreeandahalffeettall,thesehumanancestorshuntedgiantrats,lumberinglizards（笨拙的蜥蜴),andminiatureelephants.

Itsoundsabitlikeafairytale,butit'strue.Unearthedrelicsontheislanduncoveredtheremainsofaraceoftinyhumanancestors.Homofloresiensis,asthenewlydiscoveredspecieshasbeennamed,apparentlycoulddatebackto13,000yearsago.Thismeanstheyhavealotincommonwithmodernhumans.Sohowandwhydidthesepeoplegetsosmall?Scientistssuspectthatit'sduetothefactthatthisracelivedonanisolatedislandwithlimitedresources.Taketheminiatureelephantsforexample.Whenelephantsfirstcametotheislandeitherbyswimmingorbysomekindofnaturallandraft,theywereprobablyclosetofullsize.Butsincetherewasn'tmuchtoeat,overtimesmallerelephantslivedlongerandbetter.Thesmallertheelephantwas,thelessithadtoeattostaystrongandhealthy.Scientistscallthisthe"islandrole",anditcanapplytohumansaswellasanimals.Giventheisland'ssparse(稀少)foodsupply,itmakessensethattheearlyhumanslivingtherewouldhaveevolved(進化)abodysizerequiringlessfoodtosurvive.Sobiggerisn'talwaysbetter.Inthefloresiensis,atleast,gettingsmallerwasthewaytogo.60.Accordingtothepassage,thefactHomofloresiensisareverysmallisbasedon________.A.theislandersintheJavaSea

B.thehumanancestorsC.anewspaperreport

D.theunearthedrelics61.Theunderlinedword"miniature"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A.tiny

B.active

C.rare

D.wild62.Peopleontheislandgotsosmallbecause____________.A.theygraduallydevelopedforlackoffood.B.theydidnothaveenoughfoodtoeat.C.theysharedlessfoodwithelephants.D.theyremainedaliveastheelephants.63.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleofthepassage?A.Thehistoryofshortpeople

B.ShortpeopleonanisolatedislandC.Theproofsonshortpeople

D.Shortpeoplefromafairytale64.Accordingtothepassage,gettingsmallercanmakepeopleandanimals____A.runquickly

B.liveweaker

C.livelonger

D.runslowly參考答案：DAABC23.LearningNewVocabularyduringDeepSleepSleepingtimeissometimesconsideredunproductivetime.Thisraisesthequestionwhetherthetimespentasleepcouldbeusedmoreproductively,e.g.forlearninganewlanguage?Up-to-nowsleepresearchfocusedonthestabilizationandstrengtheningofmemoriesthathadbeenformedduringwakefulness.However,learningduringsleephasrarelybeenexamined.Thereisenoughevidenceforwake-learnedinformationundergoingarevisionbyreplayinthesleepingbrain.Thereplayduringsleepstrengthensthestillweakmemoryandleavesthenewlyacquiredinformationinthepre-existingstoreofknowledge.Ifre-playduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake-learnedinformation,thenfirst-play,i.e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation,shouldalsobepossibleduringsleep.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexaminedwhetherasleepingpersonisabletoformnewsemantic（語義的）associationsbetweenplayedforeignwordsandtranslationwordsduringthebraincells’activestates,theso-called“Up-states.”Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.Whenwereachdeepsleepstages,ourbraincellsprogressivelycoordinatetheiractivity.Duringdeepsleep,thebraincellsarecommonlyactiveforabriefperiodoftimebeforetheyjointlyenterintoastateofbriefinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“Up-state”andtheinactivestate“Down-state”.Thetwostatesalternate（交替）abouteveryhalf-second.Newevidenceforsleep-learningchallengescurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.Theconceptofsleepthatweareseparatedfromthephysicalenvironmentisnolongerreasonable."It’sfalsethatcomplexlearningbeimpossibleduringdeepsleep,"saysSimonRuch,co-first-author."Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequencesdeepsleepcanbeappliedfortheacquisitionofnewinformationwillbeatopicofresearchinupcomingyears,"saysKatharinaHenke.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeispartoftheInterfacultyResearchCooperation(IRC).Thirteenresearchgroupsinmedicine,biologyandpsychologyarepartoftheIRC.Theaimoftheseresearchgroupsistogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanisms（原理）involvedinsleepandconsciousness.38.Whichofthefollowingshaven’tsleepresearchersachievedsofar?A.Peoplecanlearnvocabularyduringdeepsleep.B.Memoriescanbestableandstrongduringsleep.C.Wake-learnedinformationcanappearinthesleepingbrain.D.Re-playduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake-learnedinformation.39.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.“Up-state”and“Down-state”appearinturnduringdeepsleep