PAGEPAGE2自動化專業(yè)課程設(shè)計報告《MATLAB與仿真系統(tǒng)課程設(shè)計》班級姓名學(xué)號時間2010.12.13-2010.12.17地點電信實驗中心軟件機房指導(dǎo)教師鄧長輝大連海洋大學(xué)信息工程學(xué)院自動化教研PAGE19-大連海洋大學(xué)課程設(shè)計報告紙學(xué)院(系):專業(yè)班級:姓名:學(xué)號:圖像與動畫一、課程設(shè)計的目的與要求1、課程設(shè)計目的：（1）進一步理解和消化書本知識，運用所學(xué)知識和技能進行簡單的設(shè)計。（2）通過課程設(shè)計提高應(yīng)用能力，為專業(yè)課的學(xué)習(xí)打下基礎(chǔ)。（3）培養(yǎng)查閱資料的習(xí)慣,訓(xùn)練和提高獨立思考和解決問題的能力。（4）通過命令的調(diào)用來顯示磁盤目錄下的某個圖像；完成簡單動畫的制作，結(jié)合GUI可視化程序設(shè)計培養(yǎng)知識綜合運用能力和技巧。2、課程設(shè)計要求從課程設(shè)計的目的出發(fā)，通過設(shè)計工作的各個環(huán)節(jié)，達到以下要求：（1）能夠正確理解課程設(shè)計的題目和意義，全面思考問題。（2）運用科學(xué)合理的方法，認真按時完成。二、課程設(shè)計課題的分析MATLAB提供了一種能力，它可以存儲一系列各種類型的二維或三維圖，然后像放電影一樣把它們按次序重放出來。在某種意義上，動畫提供的運動為圖形增加另一個維數(shù)。通常圖形的次序不必以任意的方式關(guān)聯(lián)起來。一種明顯的動畫類型是取出三維圖形然后緩慢地將它旋轉(zhuǎn)，這樣我們就可以從不同角度來觀察它。另一種類型是當一個參數(shù)變化時，依次顯示某些問題解的圖形。MATLAB中的函數(shù)moviein，getframe和movie提供了捕捉和播放動畫的所需工具。函數(shù)moviein可以產(chǎn)生一個幀矩陣來存放動畫中的幀；函數(shù)getframe對當前的圖像進行快照；而函數(shù)movie按順序回放各幀。照這樣，捕捉和回放動畫的方法是：（1）創(chuàng)建幀矩陣；（2）對動畫中的每一幀生成圖形，并把它捕捉到到幀矩陣里；（3）從幀矩陣里回放動畫。1、結(jié)合本身所學(xué)知識以及課程設(shè)計要求，確立自我方案的整體設(shè)計整體設(shè)計一個可視化模塊，該模塊分圖像顯示模塊和動畫播放模塊。圖像顯示模塊主要是用來顯示磁盤目錄下的某個圖片；動畫播放模塊主要是用來播放動畫。2、對整體方案進行劃分，分模塊對各個小問題進行解決圖片顯示模塊：在MATLAB中鍵入所需代碼，使其能夠調(diào)用磁盤目錄下的圖片文檔；動畫播放模塊：在MATLAB中鍵入所需代碼，使其能夠播放動畫；GUI的設(shè)計：建立一個GUI的模板，使其能都搭載圖片顯示模塊和動畫播放模塊。3、對各個模塊進行整合，使其工作三、課程設(shè)計的內(nèi)容與安排通過編程顯示磁盤目錄下的圖像文件，對GUI中的CALLBACK進行編程，使其能夠完成調(diào)用圖片這一功能；編程實現(xiàn)不斷變化的圖形，該圖為自己繪制，且觀賞價值高。時間安排參考如下教學(xué)時間安排教學(xué)安排周一布置任務(wù)，查閱資料周二設(shè)計周三設(shè)計周四仿真、調(diào)試周五驗收、總結(jié)報告四、課程設(shè)計的步驟1、圖片顯示模塊的設(shè)計。圖片顯示模塊是為了在MATLAB中顯示本地磁盤中的圖片文檔而建立的一個模塊打開MATLAB程序，在彈出的“commandwindow”窗口中鍵入以下代碼：%=======================照片讀取=================================[x,cmap]=imread('E:\picture\走走走\100815\DSC00285.JPG');image(x);colormap(cmap);axisimageoff該段代碼調(diào)用的是本地磁盤E:\picture\走走走\100815\目錄的下DSC00285.JPG圖片文檔2、動畫播放模塊的設(shè)計動畫播放模塊是為了在MATLAB環(huán)境下繪制和播放動畫而建立的一個模塊打開MATLAB編輯器，在空白處鍵入以下代碼：（1）.布朗運動的代碼%=====================布朗運動==================================n=50;%指定布朗運動的點數(shù)s=0.02;%指定溫度或速率%產(chǎn)生n個隨機點(x,y),處于-0.5到0.5之間%==================================x=rand(n,1)-0.5;y=rand(n,1)-0.5;h=plot(x,y,'.');%繪制隨機點axis([-11-11]);axissquareshadinginterpgridoffset(h,'EraseMode','Xor','MarkerSize',20);%設(shè)置擦除模式為Xor%循環(huán)5000次，產(chǎn)生動畫效果%==================================fori=linspace(1,10,5000)drawnowx=x+s*randn(n,1);%在坐標點附近添加隨機噪聲y=y+s*randn(n,1);set(h,'XData',x,'YData',y);%通過改變數(shù)據(jù)屬性來重新繪圖end（2）.球體運動動畫的代碼%==============================小球運動========================fill([6,7,7,6],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%右邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性fill([2,6,6,2],[3,3,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%左邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性t1=0:pi/60:pi;plot(4-2*sin(t1-pi/2),5-2*cos(t1-pi/2));%繪制中間的凹弧圖形grid;%添加網(wǎng)格線axis([0,9,0,9]);%定義坐標軸的比例axis('off');%關(guān)閉所有軸標注，標記，背景fill([1,2,2,1],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%中間長方形的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性title('Sphere');%定義圖題x0=6;y0=5;head1=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',30);head2=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',50);%設(shè)置小球顏色,大小,線條的擦拭方式t=0;%設(shè)置小球的初始值dt=0.001;%設(shè)置運動周期t1=0;%設(shè)置大球的初始值dt1=0.001;while1%條件表達式t=t+dt;x1=9-1*t;y1=5;x3=6;y3=5;ift>0x2=6;y2=5;%設(shè)置小球的運動軌跡endift>2.8t=t+dt;a=sin(t-3);x1=6.1;y1=5.1;x3=4-2*sin(1.5*a);y3=5-2*cos(1.5*a);%設(shè)置大球的運動軌跡endset(head1,'xdata',x1,'ydata',y1);%設(shè)置球的運動set(head2,'xdata',x3,'ydata',y3);drawnow;endguide3、GUI的設(shè)計建立一個GUI的模板，使其能都搭載圖片顯示模塊和動畫播放模塊（1）打開MATLAB軟件，在彈出的“commandwindow”中鍵入：guide回車，彈出如圖1：圖1.GUI設(shè)計啟動窗口（2）選擇“BlankGUI(Default)”點擊“OK”按鈕進入GUI編輯窗口，如圖2：圖2.GUI編輯窗口（3）添加組件。組件名稱數(shù)量StringTagFrontSizeaxespushbutton14——BrownianSpherePictureQuitaxes1BT_BrownianBT_SphereBT_PictureShowBT_Quit10.010.010.010.010.0表1.組件列表及部分屬性設(shè)置圖3.組件的擺放在GUI界面內(nèi)添加組件如圖3所示，在修改完部分屬性以后界面如圖5所示，修改界面如圖4所示。圖4.屬性編輯欄圖5.屬性修改完后的GUI界面（4）菜單欄的設(shè)置（這里不添加默認的菜單欄，即GUI界面的MenuBar屬性設(shè)置為none）圖6.菜單欄的編輯為菜單欄添加組件組件清單如表2所示，組件添加如圖7所示圖7.菜單欄的修改名稱數(shù)量LabelTagAcceleratorNewMenNewMenuItemu46FileBackColorHelpAbouBrownianSpherePictureShowExitYellowRedNM_FileNM_BackColorNM_HelpNM_AboutNMI_BrownianNMI_SphereNMI_PictureShowNMI_ExitNMI_YellowNMI_RedCtrl+BCtrl+SCtrl+PCtrl+E表2.菜單欄的部分屬性設(shè)置（5）其余設(shè)置GUI界面的Tag屬性設(shè)為“CourseExercise”中文意思為“課程設(shè)計”4、代碼的添加以及模塊的組合封裝按鈕Quit功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Quit.functionBT_Quit_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Quit(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Quit>=================================================================close(gcf)%</BT_Quit>================================================================注：個人習(xí)慣在自己添加的代碼處添加注釋頭文件%<>========尾文件%</>========按鈕Brownian功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Brownian.functionBT_Brownian_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Brownian(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Brownian>=============================================================%=====================布朗運動==================================n=50;%指定布朗運動的點數(shù)s=0.02;%指定溫度或速率%產(chǎn)生n個隨機點(x,y),處于-0.5到0.5之間%==================================x=rand(n,1)-0.5;y=rand(n,1)-0.5;h=plot(x,y,'.');%繪制隨機點axis([-11-11]);axissquareshadinginterpgridoffset(h,'EraseMode','Xor','MarkerSize',20);%設(shè)置擦除模式為Xor%循環(huán)5000次，產(chǎn)生動畫效果%==================================fori=linspace(1,10,5000)drawnowx=x+s*randn(n,1);%在坐標點附近添加隨機噪聲y=y+s*randn(n,1);set(h,'XData',x,'YData',y);%通過改變數(shù)據(jù)屬性來重新繪圖end%</BT_Brownian>============================================================按鍵Sphere功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Sphere.functionBT_Sphere_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Sphere(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Sphere>===============================================================%==============================小球運動========================fill([6,7,7,6],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%右邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性fill([2,6,6,2],[3,3,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%左邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性t1=0:pi/60:pi;plot(4-2*sin(t1-pi/2),5-2*cos(t1-pi/2));%繪制中間的凹弧圖形grid;%添加網(wǎng)格線axis([0,9,0,9]);%定義坐標軸的比例axis('off');%關(guān)閉所有軸標注，標記，背景fill([1,2,2,1],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%中間長方形的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性title('Sphere');%定義圖題x0=6;y0=5;head1=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',30);head2=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',50);%設(shè)置小球顏色,大小,線條的擦拭方式t=0;%設(shè)置小球的初始值dt=0.001;%設(shè)置運動周期t1=0;%設(shè)置大球的初始值dt1=0.001;while1%條件表達式t=t+dt;x1=9-1*t;y1=5;x3=6;y3=5;ift>0x2=6;y2=5;%設(shè)置小球的運動軌跡endift>2.8t=t+dt;a=sin(t-3);x1=6.1;y1=5.1;x3=4-2*sin(1.5*a);y3=5-2*cos(1.5*a);%設(shè)置大球的運動軌跡endset(head1,'xdata',x1,'ydata',y1);%設(shè)置球的運動set(head2,'xdata',x3,'ydata',y3);drawnow;end%</BT_Sphere>==============================================================按鈕PictureShow功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_PictureShow.functionBT_PictureShow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_PictureShow(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_PictureShow>==========================================================%=======================照片讀取=================================[x,cmap]=imread('E:\picture\走走走\100815\DSC00285.JPG');image(x);colormap(cmap);axisimageoff%</BT_PictureShow>=========================================================顏色的實現(xiàn)：%functionNMI_Red_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Red(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%=========================================set(handles.CourseExercise,'color','r');%背景色為紅色%=========================================%functionUntitled_3_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoUntitled_3(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%functionNMI_Yellow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Yellow(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%=========================================set(handles.CourseExercise,'color','y');%背景色為黃色%=========================================五、課程設(shè)計的結(jié)果程序所有代碼為：functionvarargout=CourseExercise(varargin)%COURSEEXERCISEM-fileforCourseExercise.fig%COURSEEXERCISE,byitself,createsanewCOURSEEXERCISEorraisestheexisting%singleton*.%%H=COURSEEXERCISEreturnsthehandletoanewCOURSEEXERCISEorthehandleto%theexistingsingleton*.%%COURSEEXERCISE('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...)callsthelocal%functionnamedCALLBACKinCOURSEEXERCISE.Mwiththegiveninputarguments.%%COURSEEXERCISE('Property','Value',...)createsanewCOURSEEXERCISEorraisesthe%existingsingleton*.Startingfromtheleft,propertyvaluepairsare%appliedtotheGUIbeforeCourseExercise_OpeningFunctiongetscalled.An%unrecognizedpropertynameorinvalidvaluemakespropertyapplication%stop.AllinputsarepassedtoCourseExercise_OpeningFcnviavarargin.%%*SeeGUIOptionsonGUIDE'sToolsmenu.Choose"GUIallowsonlyone%instancetorun(singleton)".%%Seealso:GUIDE,GUIDATA,GUIHANDLES%Copyright2002-2003TheMathWorks,Inc.%EdittheabovetexttomodifytheresponsetohelpCourseExercise%LastModifiedbyGUIDEv2.516-Dec-201022:35:39%Begininitializationcode-DONOTEDITgui_Singleton=1;gui_State=struct('gui_Name',mfilename,...'gui_Singleton',gui_Singleton,...'gui_OpeningFcn',@CourseExercise_OpeningFcn,...'gui_OutputFcn',@CourseExercise_OutputFcn,...'gui_LayoutFcn',[],...'gui_Callback',[]);ifnargin&&ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback=str2func(varargin{1});endifnargout[varargout{1:nargout}]=gui_mainfcn(gui_State,varargin{:});elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State,varargin{:});end%Endinitializationcode-DONOTEDIT%ExecutesjustbeforeCourseExerciseismadevisible.functionCourseExercise_OpeningFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles,varargin)%Thisfunctionhasnooutputargs,seeOutputFcn.%hObjecthandletofigure%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%varargincommandlineargumentstoCourseExercise(seeVARARGIN)%ChoosedefaultcommandlineoutputforCourseExercisehandles.output=hObject;%Updatehandlesstructureguidata(hObject,handles);%UIWAITmakesCourseExercisewaitforuserresponse(seeUIRESUME)%uiwait(handles.figure1);%Outputsfromthisfunctionarereturnedtothecommandline.functionvarargout=CourseExercise_OutputFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles)%varargoutcellarrayforreturningoutputargs(seeVARARGOUT);%hObjecthandletofigure%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%Getdefaultcommandlineoutputfromhandlesstructurevarargout{1}=handles.output;%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Brownian.functionBT_Brownian_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Brownian(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Brownian>=============================================================%=====================布朗運動==================================n=50;%指定布朗運動的點數(shù)s=0.02;%指定溫度或速率%產(chǎn)生n個隨機點(x,y),處于-0.5到0.5之間%==================================x=rand(n,1)-0.5;y=rand(n,1)-0.5;h=plot(x,y,'.');%繪制隨機點axis([-11-11]);axissquareshadinginterpgridoffset(h,'EraseMode','Xor','MarkerSize',20);%設(shè)置擦除模式為Xor%循環(huán)5000次，產(chǎn)生動畫效果%==================================fori=linspace(1,10,5000)drawnowx=x+s*randn(n,1);%在坐標點附近添加隨機噪聲y=y+s*randn(n,1);set(h,'XData',x,'YData',y);%通過改變數(shù)據(jù)屬性來重新繪圖end%</BT_Brownian>============================================================%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Sphere.functionBT_Sphere_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Sphere(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Sphere>===============================================================%==============================小球運動========================fill([6,7,7,6],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%右邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性fill([2,6,6,2],[3,3,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%左邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性t1=0:pi/60:pi;plot(4-2*sin(t1-pi/2),5-2*cos(t1-pi/2));%繪制中間的凹弧圖形grid;%添加網(wǎng)格線axis([0,9,0,9]);%定義坐標軸的比例axis('off');%關(guān)閉所有軸標注，標記，背景fill([1,2,2,1],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%中間長方形的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性title('Sphere');%定義圖題x0=6;y0=5;head1=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',30);head2=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',50);%設(shè)置小球顏色,大小,線條的擦拭方式t=0;%設(shè)置小球的初始值dt=0.001;%設(shè)置運動周期t1=0;%設(shè)置大球的初始值dt1=0.001;while1%條件表達式t=t+dt;x1=9-1*t;y1=5;x3=6;y3=5;ift>0x2=6;y2=5;%設(shè)置小球的運動軌跡endift>2.8t=t+dt;a=sin(t-3);x1=6.1;y1=5.1;x3=4-2*sin(1.5*a);y3=5-2*cos(1.5*a);%設(shè)置大球的運動軌跡endset(head1,'xdata',x1,'ydata',y1);%設(shè)置球的運動set(head2,'xdata',x3,'ydata',y3);drawnow;end%</BT_Sphere>==============================================================%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_PictureShow.functionBT_PictureShow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_PictureShow(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_PictureShow>==========================================================%=======================照片讀取=================================[x,cmap]=imread('E:\picture\走走走\100815\DSC00285.JPG');image(x);colormap(cmap);axisimageoff%</BT_PictureShow>=========================================================%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Quit.functionBT_Quit_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Quit(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Quit>=================================================================close(gcf)%</BT_Quit>================================================================%functionNMI_Brownian_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Brownian(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%functionNMI_Sphere_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Sphere(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%functionNMI_PictureShow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI